The document discusses the golden ratio, including its definition as a ratio where the whole is to the longer part as the longer part is to the shorter part. It provides the formula for calculating the golden ratio as (1+5)/2, which evaluates to approximately 1.618. The document also provides a brief history of the golden ratio, suggesting it was potentially used in designs like the Great Pyramids and Parthenon by early civilizations like the Egyptians and Greeks.