Cell division is a fundamental biological process that enables the growth, development, and repair of living organisms. It's the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells, each carrying a complete set of genetic instructions. This intricate process occurs in two primary ways: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is responsible for the creation of identical daughter cells, ensuring the maintenance of genetic information for growth and tissue repair. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specialized form of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms, producing gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes, contributing to genetic diversity in offspring.
Elegant Awards Ceremony of Film School.pptxMarvinAlegado
油
While I don't have access to real-time information about specific video advocacy awards ceremonies, I can create a general description based on common elements of such events:
The air crackles with anticipation as the lights dim and the music swells, signaling the start of the video advocacy awards ceremony. A prestigious event, it draws together filmmakers, activists, and advocates from diverse fields, united by their passion for using video to raise awareness and drive social change. The ceremony itself is a celebration of creativity, impact, and the power of storytelling. Nominees, their faces etched with a mix of excitement and nervous energy, anxiously await the announcement of winners. As each award is presented, the room erupts in applause, recognizing the hard work and dedication of those who have used video to bring important issues to light. The ceremony is not just about celebrating past achievements, but also about inspiring future generations of video advocates to use their skills to make a difference in the world. Through powerful acceptance speeches and moving video clips, the event underscores the transformative power of video advocacy, reminding everyone of its potential to change hearts and minds and ultimately, to build a better future.
DISORDERS and DISEASES of Digestive Systems.pptxMarvinAlegado
油
The digestive system, responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, is susceptible to a wide range of disorders and diseases. These conditions can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus, and manifest in various ways, often causing discomfort, pain, and digestive issues. Common disorders include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic condition characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, involves chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), commonly known as heartburn, occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest. Other disorders include peptic ulcers, caused by sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often due to bacterial infection or medication use. Gallstones, hardened deposits in the gallbladder, can obstruct bile flow, causing pain and inflammation. Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, damages the small intestine, leading to malabsorption of nutrients. These are just a few examples of the diverse range of digestive disorders, highlighting the complexity and importance of maintaining a healthy digestive system.
Periodic trends are predictable patterns in the properties of elements that can be observed as you move across a period (horizontal row) or down a group (vertical column) of the periodic table. These trends are a result of the systematic changes in the electronic configuration and effective nuclear charge of atoms.
As you move across a period from left to right, the atomic radius generally decreases. This is because the number of protons in the nucleus increases, leading to a stronger attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. This stronger attraction pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, resulting in a smaller atomic radius.
Conversely, as you move down a group, the atomic radius generally increases. This is because the number of electron shells increases, meaning that the outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus. The increased distance reduces the attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electrons, leading to a larger atomic radius.
Ionization energy, the energy required to remove an electron from an atom, generally increases across a period and decreases down a group. This trend is closely related to atomic radius. Across a period, the smaller atomic radius means that the outermost electrons are held more tightly by the nucleus, requiring more energy to remove them. Conversely, down a group, the larger atomic radius means that the outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus and less tightly held, requiring less energy to remove them.
Electronegativity, the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond, also follows similar trends. It generally increases across a period and decreases down a group. This is because the increased nuclear charge across a period makes the atom more likely to attract electrons. Down a group, the larger atomic radius reduces the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons, decreasing electronegativity.
Understanding these periodic trends allows chemists to predict the properties of elements and their reactivity. For example, knowing that ionization energy increases across a period helps to explain why elements on the right side of the periodic table are more likely to gain electrons and form anions, while elements on the left side are more likely to lose electrons and form cations. These trends are fundamental to understanding the behavior of elements and their role in chemical reactions.
PEN and Shells SCIENCE-8-Chemistry- determining the number of electrons, prot...MarvinAlegado
油
The captivating world of chemistry extends beyond the lab, revealing itself in the everyday objects around us. Consider the humble pen: its ink, a complex mixture of dyes, solvents, and resins, undergoes intricate chemical reactions to adhere to paper. The very act of writing involves chemical interactions between the ink and the cellulose fibers of the paper. Similarly, seashells, seemingly simple and natural, are intricate products of chemical processes. Calcium carbonate, the primary component of shells, is secreted by mollusks through a carefully controlled biochemical process. The crystalline structure and often vibrant colors of shells are the result of subtle variations in the chemical composition and the deposition of the calcium carbonate. Both pens and shells, therefore, represent fascinating microcosms of chemistry, showcasing the power of chemical reactions to create the objects we use and the natural wonders we admire.
Crafting captivating social media posts about constellations requires a blend of scientific accuracy and storytelling. For beginner stargazers, focus on easily recognizable constellations like the Big Dipper, providing simple explanations and tips for locating them. Astronomy enthusiasts will appreciate deeper dives into the history, mythology, and scientific significance of constellations such as Orion, highlighting its bright stars and the Orion Nebula. A broader audience can be engaged with captivating stories and stunning visuals, emphasizing the ancient connection between constellations and human storytelling. Regardless of your audience, compelling descriptions should include an intriguing headline, high-quality images or videos, mythological lore, scientific facts, practical tips for finding the constellations, and a call to action. Remember to maintain a consistent, engaging tone, keep descriptions concise, use relevant hashtags, and consider contests or giveaways to boost engagement. Finally, acknowledge the dynamic nature of constellations, emphasizing their ever-changing appearance due to Earth's rotation and the movement of stars, while inspiring others to explore the wonder of the night sky.
Science education in the Philippines aims to equip citizens with the knowledge and skills necessary to thrive in a scientifically and technologically driven world. It emphasizes a blend of contemporary scientific knowledge with local contexts, making learning more relevant for Filipino students [[1]](https://prezi.com/p/c3dwdsfik_ql/science-education-in-the-philippines/). This approach recognizes the importance of integrating indigenous science, which encompasses traditional knowledge systems and practices developed over generations, reflecting the cultural and environmental contexts of local communities [[1]](https://prezi.com/p/c3dwdsfik_ql/science-education-in-the-philippines/).
The Philippines has a robust science education system, with various government programs and initiatives aimed at nurturing scientific talent. These include the Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS), which offers free scholarships to gifted students, as well as Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) projects that provide a specialized curriculum for science-inclined children [[2]](https://prezi.com/p/cabcnkulb1ug/science-education-in-the-philippines/?fallback=1)[[3]](https://prezi.com/p/7iaq9hpjnqnu/science-education-in-the-philippines/?fallback=1)[[4]](https://prezi.com/p/8ufrcvem1ith/science-education-in-the-philippines/?fallback=1)[[5]](https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-southeastern-philippines/science-technology-and-society/science-education-in-the-philippines-indigenous-science-and-technology-in-the-philippines/27804544). The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) also plays a significant role, providing scholarships for science, technology, engineering, and agriculture courses [[3]](https://prezi.com/p/7iaq9hpjnqnu/science-education-in-the-philippines/?fallback=1).
However, challenges remain. Limited resources, lack of trained educators, and insufficient curriculum integration of indigenous knowledge are some of the barriers to implementing effective science education [[1]](https://prezi.com/p/c3dwdsfik_ql/science-education-in-the-philippines/). Overcoming these hurdles requires prioritizing indigenous knowledge within educational frameworks, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches, and fostering partnerships with indigenous communities [[1]](https://prezi.com/p/c3dwdsfik_ql/science-education-in-the-philippines/). By integrating traditional wisdom with modern scientific principles, the Philippines can foster a more holistic and culturally relevant science education system, preparing its citizens for a future driven by innovation and sustainable development.
"Indigenous-knowledge-systems-and-practices-in-the-Philippines (1).pdf" likely explores the rich tapestry of traditional knowledge passed down through generations in the Philippines. This document delves into the deep understanding indigenous communities have of their environment, encompassing sustainable resource management, traditional medicine, and innovative farming techniques. It also highlights the cultural significance of these systems, emphasizing their role in preserving social cohesion, cultural identity, and spiritual connections. The document likely discusses the importance of preserving and revitalizing these knowledge systems, acknowledging the challenges they face in a rapidly changing world.
"Art" is a diverse realm of human expression that encompasses various media, including "painting, sculpture, printmaking, drawing, decorative arts, photography", and "installation". It involves conscious creation through skill and imagination, resulting in visual or auditory artifacts. These artworks are intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power族. In essence, art reflects the artist's creativity, technical prowess, and the desire to communicate ideas, emotions, or experiences with others. Whether it's a captivating painting, a thought-provoking sculpture, or a harmonious musical composition, art enriches our lives and provides a window into the human experience.
Cellular respiration is a fundamental process that occurs within the cells of organisms. Through this intricate metabolic pathway, cells convert chemical energy from nutrients into a molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which serves as the energy currency for various cellular activities. The process involves breaking down food molecules, such as glucose, in the presence of oxygen. As a result, carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products. Eukaryotic organisms, including multicellular life forms, primarily rely on aerobic respiration, which utilizes oxygen for maximum energy production. In contrast, prokaryotic organisms like bacteria can adapt to other forms of respiration, allowing them to thrive in diverse environments even without oxygen.
Bacterial culture involves growing bacteria in a controlled laboratory environment using specific nutrient-rich substances called culture media. These media can be solid (with agar), semisolid, or liquid. Solid media support colony growth and are used for isolation and testing, while semisolid media help determine bacterial motility, and liquid media allow large-scale bacterial growth. The optimal conditions depend on the specific bacterial species being cultured.
Bone tissue (osseous tissue) differs significantly from other tissues in the body. Bones are hard and many of their functions depend on this characteristic hardness. Later discussions in this chapter will reveal that bones are also dynamic, adjusting their shape to accommodate stresses. A long bone has two main regions: the diaphysis (the hollow, tubular shaft running between the proximal and distal ends of the bone) and the epiphysis (the wider section at each end of the bone). Inside the diaphysis lies the medullary cavity, filled with yellow bone marrow in adults. The outer walls of the diaphysis consist of dense and hard compact bone, while the epiphyses contain spongy bone internally. The metaphysis connects the epiphysis and diaphysis. During growth, the metaphysis houses the epiphyseal plate, responsible for long bone elongation. As bone growth ceases in early adulthood, the epiphyseal plate becomes an epiphyseal line. The endosteum, lining the inside of the bone adjacent to the medullary cavity, contains bone cells that contribute to growth, repair, and remodeling throughout life. On the outside of bones, the periosteum covers the entire surface except where epiphyses meet other bones to form joints.
The Compton effect, also known as Compton scattering, occurs when high-frequency photons collide with electrons in matter. During this interaction, the photons transfer energy and momentum to the electrons, resulting in scattered photons with longer wavelengths. This phenomenon provides insights into both the wave and particle properties of radiation, bridging classical and quantum physics.
a sustainable actions for a better world. this presentation may anchor on sustainability through our actions so that we can call that the Earth is a better place to live on.
1. The document discusses land ownership and tenancy issues in Calamba, Laguna involving the Dominican Order and Dr. Jose Rizal's family in the late 1800s under Spanish colonial rule.
2. An investigation was conducted into the exploitative practices of the Dominican friars who owned vast tracts of land, and the tenants were eventually dispossessed after a court ruling.
3. This dispute was one of the earliest works discussing the problems faced by Filipino farmers, including abusive economic policies and forced labor.
What is Nutrient Deficiency?
Definition:
Nutrient deficiency in plants occurs when they lack one or more of the essential minerals required for their growth and development.
These deficiencies can lead to various physiological disorders and reduced plant productivity.
Categories of Essential Nutrients
Macronutrients:
Required in larger quantities for plant growth and development.
Includes primary and secondary nutrients.
Primary Macronutrients:
Nitrogen (N): Vital for vegetative growth, chlorophyll production, and protein synthesis.
Phosphorus (P): Important for energy transfer, root development, and flowering.
Potassium (K): Essential for water regulation, enzyme activation, and disease resistance.
Secondary Macronutrients:
Calcium (Ca): Important for cell wall structure, root development, and enzyme
activity.
Magnesium (Mg): Central component of chlorophyll and aids in enzyme activation.
Sulfur (S): Crucial for amino acids, proteins, and enzyme function.
-> P H O N S K Ca Mg C
Micronutrients:
Required in smaller quantities but equally important for plant health.
Iron (Fe): Essential for chlorophyll synthesis and electron transport in photosynthesis.
Manganese (Mn): Important for photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen assimilation.
Zinc (Zn): Vital for enzyme function and growth regulation.
Copper (Cu): Involved in photosynthetic electron transport and enzyme activity.
Boron (B): Crucial for cell wall formation and reproductive development.
Molybdenum (Mo): Essential for nitrogen fixation and enzyme function in nitrogen metabolism.
-> Fe Cu Mo Zn Mn Cl B Ni.
Mobile Nutrients - Cl, K, Mg, Mo, N, P-> older parts
Immobile Nutrients - B, Cu, Ca, Fe, Mn, S, Zn-> younger parts
.
Pig farming, pork farming, pig production or hog farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork: bacon, ham, gammon) and skins.
Pigs are amenable to many different styles of farming: intensive commercial units, commercial free range enterprises, or extensive farming (being allowed to wander around a village, town or city, or tethered in a simple shelter or kept in a pen outside the owner's house). Historically, farm pigs were kept in small numbers and were closely associated with the residence of the owner, or in the same village or town.[1] They were valued as a source of meat and fat, and for their ability to convert inedible food into meat and manure, and were often fed household food waste when kept on a homestead.[2] Pigs have been farmed to dispose of municipal garbage on a large scale.[3]
All these forms of pig farm are in use today, though intensive farms are by far the most popular, due to their potential to raise a large amount of pigs in a very cost-efficient manner.[4] In developed nations, commercial farms house thousands of pigs in climate-controlled buildings.[5] Pigs are a popular form of livestock, with more than one billion pigs butchered each year worldwide, 100 million in the United States. The majority of pigs are used for human food, but also supply skin, fat and other materials for use in clothing, ingredients for processed foods,[6] cosmetics,[7] and medical use.[8]Pig farming has gained importance today. Pigs have inherited capacity to acclimatize with varying climatic conditions. Pigs cannot withstand high temperature climate.
Pigs are adjusted to varied rearing practices and consume different types of food (Omnivorous) to attain higher growth and meat production.
Pigs will attain 60-70kg body weight in 6-8months period.
Female pigs i.e., sows will come to heat at age of 8-9 months but avoid using male pigs (Boars) for breeding purpose until it attains one year of age.
Adult sows when bred during right time after attaining maturity will farrow 8-12 piglets in 112-118 days of gestation period (i.e., about 4 months of gestation). Feedefficiencyis to gain one Kg live weightfor every 2.75-3kg feed consumed (FCR: 1:2.75). There are many advantageous in pig rearing. Pork is available at a cheaper price with nutritious and highly palatable tasty meat of higher quality animal protein. Pig bones are used for producing bone meal and also used for purification of sugar in sugar industry.
The manure droppings and urine are good fertilizers which enhance the soil fertilityand improve grain production.
Pig hairs (Bristles) are used for making brushes and ropes, hooves are used for shirt button making and preparation of gum. Hence, pigs are called as multi utility domestic animals. Farmers can take up piggery farming and reduce their debt burden and improve their profits and livelihood.
Climate Information for Society: Attribution and EngineeringZachary Labe
油
28-30 January 2025
OAR GFDL 5-Year Science Review (Presenter): Q3 How can GFDL research and modeling be further utilized to meet NOAA stakeholder needs and enhance research partnerships to ensure GFDLs success?, NOAA GFDL, NJ.
References...
Schreck III, C.M., D.R. Easterling, J.J. Barsugli, D.A. Coates, A. Hoell, N.C. Johnson, K.E. Kunkel, Z.M. Labe, J. Uehling, R.S. Vose, and X. Zhang (2024). A rapid response process for evaluating causes of extreme temperature events in the United States: the 2023 Texas/Louisiana heatwave as a prototype. Environmental Research: Climate, DOI:10.1088/2752-5295/ad8028
Zhang, Y., B.M. Ayyub, J.F. Fung, and Z.M. Labe (2024). Incorporating extreme event attribution into climate change adaptation for civil infrastructure: Methods, benefits, and research needs. Resilient Cities and Structures, DOI:10.1016/j.rcns.2024.03.002
Eischeid, J.K., M.P. Hoerling, X.-W. Quan, A. Kumar, J. Barsugli, Z.M. Labe, K.E. Kunkel, C.J. Schreck III, D.R. Easterling, T. Zhang, J. Uehling, and X. Zhang (2023). Why has the summertime central U.S. warming hole not disappeared? Journal of Climate, DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0716.1
Variation and Natural Selection | IGCSE BiologyBlessing Ndazie
油
This extensive slide deck provides a detailed exploration of variation and natural selection for IGCSE Biology. It covers key concepts such as genetic and environmental variation, types of variation (continuous and discontinuous), mutation, evolution, and the principles of natural selection. The presentation also explains Darwins theory of evolution, adaptation, survival of the fittest, selective breeding, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and speciation. With illustrative diagrams, real-life examples, and exam-style questions, this resource is ideal for IGCSE students, teachers, and independent learners preparing for exams.
This presentation offers a bird's eye view of autosomes and sex chromosomes. It also explores the different kinds of diseases of humans due to autosomal and sex-linked inherited traits. The sex determination of plants has been explained. The ratio of sex in the human population along with cause and consequences has been explained here.
Electrical Quantities and Circuits | IGCSE PhysicsBlessing Ndazie
油
This extensive slide deck provides a detailed exploration of electrical quantities and circuits for IGCSE Physics. It covers key electrical quantities, including charge, current, voltage (potential difference), resistance, power, energy, electromotive force (EMF), and internal resistance. The presentation also explains series and parallel circuits, with in-depth discussions on Ohms Law, Kirchhoffs Laws, electrical components, circuit calculations, and practical applications. Packed with illustrative diagrams, worked examples, and exam-style questions, this resource is ideal for IGCSE students, teachers, and independent learners preparing for exams.
Transgenic sheep are genetically modified to enhance wool quality and yield through transgenesis. By introducing KAP and KIF genes, scientists improve fiber strength, elasticity, and fineness. This innovation revolutionizes wool production, benefiting the textile industry with superior, high-performance fibers.
To study historically the rise and fall of disease in the population.
Community diagnosis.
Planning and evaluation.
Evaluation of individuals risks and chances.
Completing the natural history of disease.
Searching for causes and risk factors.
TOP 10 CBSE Top Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10 with Youtube TutorialVivek Bhakta
油
Top 10 CBSE Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10 | Easy DIY Models with YouTube Tutorial
Looking for the best CBSE science projects for Classes 6 to 10? Heres a collection of Top 10 working models that are perfect for science exhibitions, school projects, and STEM learning. These projects cover essential science concepts from physics, chemistry, and biology, making them both fun and educational.
Each project includes a step-by-step YouTube tutorial, so students can easily follow along and build their own models.
Top 10 CBSE Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10:
1鏝 Hydraulic Bridge Model Demonstrate the principles of hydraulics and Pascals Law.
2鏝 Electric Motor Model Understand how electromagnetism powers motors.
3鏝 Solar-Powered Car Explore renewable energy and motion mechanics.
4鏝 Wind Turbine Generator Convert wind energy into electrical power.
5鏝 Automatic Street Light System Learn about LDR sensors and energy efficiency.
6鏝 Water Dispenser Model Show the role of air pressure in fluid movement.
7鏝 Earthquake Alarm System Build a vibration-based alert system for disaster safety.
8鏝 Biogas Plant Model Explain how organic waste is converted into energy.
9鏝 Rainwater Harvesting Model Demonstrate sustainable water conservation techniques.
Smart Irrigation System Create an automated plant watering system using sensors.
Why Choose These Projects?
Simple & Fun Uses easily available materials.
Educational & Practical Covers key CBSE science topics.
YouTube Video Guide Step-by-step tutorials for easy learning.
Watch the full YouTube tutorial and start building your project today!
Cellular respiration is a fundamental process that occurs within the cells of organisms. Through this intricate metabolic pathway, cells convert chemical energy from nutrients into a molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which serves as the energy currency for various cellular activities. The process involves breaking down food molecules, such as glucose, in the presence of oxygen. As a result, carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products. Eukaryotic organisms, including multicellular life forms, primarily rely on aerobic respiration, which utilizes oxygen for maximum energy production. In contrast, prokaryotic organisms like bacteria can adapt to other forms of respiration, allowing them to thrive in diverse environments even without oxygen.
Bacterial culture involves growing bacteria in a controlled laboratory environment using specific nutrient-rich substances called culture media. These media can be solid (with agar), semisolid, or liquid. Solid media support colony growth and are used for isolation and testing, while semisolid media help determine bacterial motility, and liquid media allow large-scale bacterial growth. The optimal conditions depend on the specific bacterial species being cultured.
Bone tissue (osseous tissue) differs significantly from other tissues in the body. Bones are hard and many of their functions depend on this characteristic hardness. Later discussions in this chapter will reveal that bones are also dynamic, adjusting their shape to accommodate stresses. A long bone has two main regions: the diaphysis (the hollow, tubular shaft running between the proximal and distal ends of the bone) and the epiphysis (the wider section at each end of the bone). Inside the diaphysis lies the medullary cavity, filled with yellow bone marrow in adults. The outer walls of the diaphysis consist of dense and hard compact bone, while the epiphyses contain spongy bone internally. The metaphysis connects the epiphysis and diaphysis. During growth, the metaphysis houses the epiphyseal plate, responsible for long bone elongation. As bone growth ceases in early adulthood, the epiphyseal plate becomes an epiphyseal line. The endosteum, lining the inside of the bone adjacent to the medullary cavity, contains bone cells that contribute to growth, repair, and remodeling throughout life. On the outside of bones, the periosteum covers the entire surface except where epiphyses meet other bones to form joints.
The Compton effect, also known as Compton scattering, occurs when high-frequency photons collide with electrons in matter. During this interaction, the photons transfer energy and momentum to the electrons, resulting in scattered photons with longer wavelengths. This phenomenon provides insights into both the wave and particle properties of radiation, bridging classical and quantum physics.
a sustainable actions for a better world. this presentation may anchor on sustainability through our actions so that we can call that the Earth is a better place to live on.
1. The document discusses land ownership and tenancy issues in Calamba, Laguna involving the Dominican Order and Dr. Jose Rizal's family in the late 1800s under Spanish colonial rule.
2. An investigation was conducted into the exploitative practices of the Dominican friars who owned vast tracts of land, and the tenants were eventually dispossessed after a court ruling.
3. This dispute was one of the earliest works discussing the problems faced by Filipino farmers, including abusive economic policies and forced labor.
What is Nutrient Deficiency?
Definition:
Nutrient deficiency in plants occurs when they lack one or more of the essential minerals required for their growth and development.
These deficiencies can lead to various physiological disorders and reduced plant productivity.
Categories of Essential Nutrients
Macronutrients:
Required in larger quantities for plant growth and development.
Includes primary and secondary nutrients.
Primary Macronutrients:
Nitrogen (N): Vital for vegetative growth, chlorophyll production, and protein synthesis.
Phosphorus (P): Important for energy transfer, root development, and flowering.
Potassium (K): Essential for water regulation, enzyme activation, and disease resistance.
Secondary Macronutrients:
Calcium (Ca): Important for cell wall structure, root development, and enzyme
activity.
Magnesium (Mg): Central component of chlorophyll and aids in enzyme activation.
Sulfur (S): Crucial for amino acids, proteins, and enzyme function.
-> P H O N S K Ca Mg C
Micronutrients:
Required in smaller quantities but equally important for plant health.
Iron (Fe): Essential for chlorophyll synthesis and electron transport in photosynthesis.
Manganese (Mn): Important for photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen assimilation.
Zinc (Zn): Vital for enzyme function and growth regulation.
Copper (Cu): Involved in photosynthetic electron transport and enzyme activity.
Boron (B): Crucial for cell wall formation and reproductive development.
Molybdenum (Mo): Essential for nitrogen fixation and enzyme function in nitrogen metabolism.
-> Fe Cu Mo Zn Mn Cl B Ni.
Mobile Nutrients - Cl, K, Mg, Mo, N, P-> older parts
Immobile Nutrients - B, Cu, Ca, Fe, Mn, S, Zn-> younger parts
.
Pig farming, pork farming, pig production or hog farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork: bacon, ham, gammon) and skins.
Pigs are amenable to many different styles of farming: intensive commercial units, commercial free range enterprises, or extensive farming (being allowed to wander around a village, town or city, or tethered in a simple shelter or kept in a pen outside the owner's house). Historically, farm pigs were kept in small numbers and were closely associated with the residence of the owner, or in the same village or town.[1] They were valued as a source of meat and fat, and for their ability to convert inedible food into meat and manure, and were often fed household food waste when kept on a homestead.[2] Pigs have been farmed to dispose of municipal garbage on a large scale.[3]
All these forms of pig farm are in use today, though intensive farms are by far the most popular, due to their potential to raise a large amount of pigs in a very cost-efficient manner.[4] In developed nations, commercial farms house thousands of pigs in climate-controlled buildings.[5] Pigs are a popular form of livestock, with more than one billion pigs butchered each year worldwide, 100 million in the United States. The majority of pigs are used for human food, but also supply skin, fat and other materials for use in clothing, ingredients for processed foods,[6] cosmetics,[7] and medical use.[8]Pig farming has gained importance today. Pigs have inherited capacity to acclimatize with varying climatic conditions. Pigs cannot withstand high temperature climate.
Pigs are adjusted to varied rearing practices and consume different types of food (Omnivorous) to attain higher growth and meat production.
Pigs will attain 60-70kg body weight in 6-8months period.
Female pigs i.e., sows will come to heat at age of 8-9 months but avoid using male pigs (Boars) for breeding purpose until it attains one year of age.
Adult sows when bred during right time after attaining maturity will farrow 8-12 piglets in 112-118 days of gestation period (i.e., about 4 months of gestation). Feedefficiencyis to gain one Kg live weightfor every 2.75-3kg feed consumed (FCR: 1:2.75). There are many advantageous in pig rearing. Pork is available at a cheaper price with nutritious and highly palatable tasty meat of higher quality animal protein. Pig bones are used for producing bone meal and also used for purification of sugar in sugar industry.
The manure droppings and urine are good fertilizers which enhance the soil fertilityand improve grain production.
Pig hairs (Bristles) are used for making brushes and ropes, hooves are used for shirt button making and preparation of gum. Hence, pigs are called as multi utility domestic animals. Farmers can take up piggery farming and reduce their debt burden and improve their profits and livelihood.
Climate Information for Society: Attribution and EngineeringZachary Labe
油
28-30 January 2025
OAR GFDL 5-Year Science Review (Presenter): Q3 How can GFDL research and modeling be further utilized to meet NOAA stakeholder needs and enhance research partnerships to ensure GFDLs success?, NOAA GFDL, NJ.
References...
Schreck III, C.M., D.R. Easterling, J.J. Barsugli, D.A. Coates, A. Hoell, N.C. Johnson, K.E. Kunkel, Z.M. Labe, J. Uehling, R.S. Vose, and X. Zhang (2024). A rapid response process for evaluating causes of extreme temperature events in the United States: the 2023 Texas/Louisiana heatwave as a prototype. Environmental Research: Climate, DOI:10.1088/2752-5295/ad8028
Zhang, Y., B.M. Ayyub, J.F. Fung, and Z.M. Labe (2024). Incorporating extreme event attribution into climate change adaptation for civil infrastructure: Methods, benefits, and research needs. Resilient Cities and Structures, DOI:10.1016/j.rcns.2024.03.002
Eischeid, J.K., M.P. Hoerling, X.-W. Quan, A. Kumar, J. Barsugli, Z.M. Labe, K.E. Kunkel, C.J. Schreck III, D.R. Easterling, T. Zhang, J. Uehling, and X. Zhang (2023). Why has the summertime central U.S. warming hole not disappeared? Journal of Climate, DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0716.1
Variation and Natural Selection | IGCSE BiologyBlessing Ndazie
油
This extensive slide deck provides a detailed exploration of variation and natural selection for IGCSE Biology. It covers key concepts such as genetic and environmental variation, types of variation (continuous and discontinuous), mutation, evolution, and the principles of natural selection. The presentation also explains Darwins theory of evolution, adaptation, survival of the fittest, selective breeding, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and speciation. With illustrative diagrams, real-life examples, and exam-style questions, this resource is ideal for IGCSE students, teachers, and independent learners preparing for exams.
This presentation offers a bird's eye view of autosomes and sex chromosomes. It also explores the different kinds of diseases of humans due to autosomal and sex-linked inherited traits. The sex determination of plants has been explained. The ratio of sex in the human population along with cause and consequences has been explained here.
Electrical Quantities and Circuits | IGCSE PhysicsBlessing Ndazie
油
This extensive slide deck provides a detailed exploration of electrical quantities and circuits for IGCSE Physics. It covers key electrical quantities, including charge, current, voltage (potential difference), resistance, power, energy, electromotive force (EMF), and internal resistance. The presentation also explains series and parallel circuits, with in-depth discussions on Ohms Law, Kirchhoffs Laws, electrical components, circuit calculations, and practical applications. Packed with illustrative diagrams, worked examples, and exam-style questions, this resource is ideal for IGCSE students, teachers, and independent learners preparing for exams.
Transgenic sheep are genetically modified to enhance wool quality and yield through transgenesis. By introducing KAP and KIF genes, scientists improve fiber strength, elasticity, and fineness. This innovation revolutionizes wool production, benefiting the textile industry with superior, high-performance fibers.
To study historically the rise and fall of disease in the population.
Community diagnosis.
Planning and evaluation.
Evaluation of individuals risks and chances.
Completing the natural history of disease.
Searching for causes and risk factors.
TOP 10 CBSE Top Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10 with Youtube TutorialVivek Bhakta
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Top 10 CBSE Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10 | Easy DIY Models with YouTube Tutorial
Looking for the best CBSE science projects for Classes 6 to 10? Heres a collection of Top 10 working models that are perfect for science exhibitions, school projects, and STEM learning. These projects cover essential science concepts from physics, chemistry, and biology, making them both fun and educational.
Each project includes a step-by-step YouTube tutorial, so students can easily follow along and build their own models.
Top 10 CBSE Science Projects for Classes 6 to 10:
1鏝 Hydraulic Bridge Model Demonstrate the principles of hydraulics and Pascals Law.
2鏝 Electric Motor Model Understand how electromagnetism powers motors.
3鏝 Solar-Powered Car Explore renewable energy and motion mechanics.
4鏝 Wind Turbine Generator Convert wind energy into electrical power.
5鏝 Automatic Street Light System Learn about LDR sensors and energy efficiency.
6鏝 Water Dispenser Model Show the role of air pressure in fluid movement.
7鏝 Earthquake Alarm System Build a vibration-based alert system for disaster safety.
8鏝 Biogas Plant Model Explain how organic waste is converted into energy.
9鏝 Rainwater Harvesting Model Demonstrate sustainable water conservation techniques.
Smart Irrigation System Create an automated plant watering system using sensors.
Why Choose These Projects?
Simple & Fun Uses easily available materials.
Educational & Practical Covers key CBSE science topics.
YouTube Video Guide Step-by-step tutorials for easy learning.
Watch the full YouTube tutorial and start building your project today!
Unraveling the BETICHUMD Mechanism of CHUSOMERADUCK: A Game-Changing Paradigm...jhnewshour
油
The **BETICHUMD Mechanism of CHUSOMERADUCK** is one of the most groundbreaking, revolutionary, and inexplicably complex systems ever devised in the realm of advanced quantum-extraterrestrial-mechatronic-hyperfusion dynamics. Designed originally by the intergalactic scientific consortium of the **Zypherion-9 civilization**, this mechanism has perplexed Earths top researchers, including the secret think tanks at NASA, CERN, and the underground laboratories of the Illuminati. CHUSOMERADUCK, an acronym standing for **"Chronologically Hyper-Ultrasonic System for Optimized Metaphysical Energy Recalibration and Advanced Dynamic Universal Cognition Kernel,"** is an artificial intelligence-powered, self-evolving hypermechanical entity designed to manipulate the fundamental constants of reality itself. The BETICHUMD Mechanism is at the core of its operation, acting as the **primary transdimensional flux stabilizer**, allowing CHUSOMERADUCK to function beyond the traditional limitations of physics. The origins of BETICHUMD remain unclear, with some theories suggesting that it was first conceptualized during the **Ancient Atlantean Wars**, where high-frequency oscillation technology was used to warp spacetime, while others claim that it was reverse-engineered from a **meteorite discovered in Antarctica in 1947**, which led to the infamous **Operation DuckStorm** carried out by the United Nations' Secret Space Program. The primary working principle of BETICHUMD involves the **synchronization of dark matter vibrations with quantum neutrino entanglement fields**, enabling infinite computational energy without the need for external power sources. The applications of this technology are limitless, from **instantaneous planetary teleportation** to **bio-mechanical consciousness enhancement**, making it a prime candidate for interstellar exploration and even **simulated immortality** through direct neural uplink with CHUSOMERADUCKs core processing grid. Governments across the world have attempted to harness its potential, but due to the incomprehensible nature of its **fifth-dimensional recursive logic algorithms**, only a handful of researchers have come close to deciphering its true capabilities. Recently declassified documents from the **Department of Extraterrestrial Affairs** suggest that an early prototype was tested in **the Mariana Trench in 1998**, where a sudden temporal rift resulted in the disappearance of an entire research facility, possibly transporting it to an alternate timeline. The existence of CHUSOMERADUCK has also been linked to various **UFO sightings, unexplainable time loops, and anomalies in gravitational wave measurements**, indicating that the BETICHUMD Mechanism is far more than just an advanced computational systemit is, in fact, a **gateway to rewriting the fundamental laws of the universe**. However, with great power comes great danger, as misuse of the mechanism could theoretically collapse the entire fabric of reality.
13. Did you KNOW?
Aside from being the control
center, a nucleus plays an
important role in securing
genetic of an organism.
14. Chromatin to chromosomes illustration:
Why does DNA
need to change
from chromatin
to chromosome?
More EFFICIENT
division.
15. Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one in the
entire Solar System. This planet's
name has nothing to do with the
liquid metal, since Mercury was
named after the Roman messenger
god
Despite being closer to the Sun than
Venus, Mercurys temperatures
aren't as terribly hot as that planet's.
Its surface is quite similar to that of
Earth's Moon, which means there are
a lot of craters and many plains, too
Cell biology basics
Function
Structure
17. CELL DIVISION
Cell Division- process by which a cell divides
into 2 new cells
Why do cells need to divide?
1. Living things grow by producing more
cells
2. Repair of damaged tissue
18. The original cell is called parent cell; 2 new cells
are called the daughter cell
Before cell division occurs, the cell replicates
(copies) all of its DNA, so each daughter cell gets
complete set of genetic information from parent
cell
19. Each daughter cell is exactly like the parent cell
same kind and number of chromosomes as the
original cell
21. Saturn is a gas giant and has
several rings. It's composed of
hydrogen
Neptune is the fourth-largest
object by diameter in the Solar
System
2 Cell Involve in Cell Division
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
22. Saturn is a gas giant and has
several rings. It's composed of
hydrogen
These are:
Red blood cells
Leukocytes
Platelets
Bone cells
Brain cells
And different
body cells
2 Cell Involve in Cell Division
Prokaryotes
23. There are 2 types of
GAMETES
1.Egg Cell
2.Sperm cell
Neptune is the fourth-largest
object by diameter in the Solar
System
2 Cell Involve in Cell Division
Eukaryotes
28. 02
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
About cells
GROWTH
DNA
synthesis
Growth and
preparation for
Mitosis
INTERPHASE / Gap Phase 2
/ Gap Phase 1
34. Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
The Sun is the star at the
center of all
The Moon is Earths only
natural satellite
About biology
Branch Science Organisms
37. Mercury is the smallest
planet of them all
Venus has a beautiful
name and is very hot
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
Jupiter is the biggest
planet in the Solar System
Earth is the only planet
known to harbor life
Functions of the cell
Support Mitosis Transport
Energy Reproduction
38. Mercury is the smallest
planet of them all
Venus has a beautiful
name and very hot
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
Jupiter is the biggest
planet in the Solar
System
Earth is the only planet
known to harbor life
Saturn is not the only
planet with rings
Cell organelles
Nucleolus Chromosome Golgi
Ribosome
Vacuoles lysosome
39. This is a quote, words full
of wisdom that someone
important said and that can
inspire the reader.
Someone Famous
41. Images reveal large amounts of
data, so remember: use an image
instead of a long text. Your
audience will appreciate it
A picture
reinforces the
concept
43. 38.99%
Venus is the second planet from the
Sun
1665
Mars was named after a god
44. Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet in the
System
Saturn is the second-
largest planet in the Solar
System
16%
44%
Some useful statistics
Small cells
Medium cells
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
40% Large cells
45. You can replace the image on the screen
with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select Replace image
Learn here!
46. You can replace the image on the screen
with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select Replace image
Watch us here!
47. You can replace the image on the screen
with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select Replace image
Learn more
49. Findings
Location C
Pluto is now seen as
a dwarf planet
Location A
The Sun is the star
at the center of all
Location B
The Moon is Earths
only natural satellite
50. Cell discovery timeline
1674
Saturn was
named after a
Roman god
1595
Despite being
red, Mars is very
cold
1655
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
1833
Neptune is very
far away from the
Sun
51. Parts of the cell
Membrane
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
Nucleus
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It's
full of iron oxide dust
Golgi
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one of them all
Mitochondria
Earth is the third planet
from the Sun and the only
one that harbors life
52. Physiology chart
Phase Description
Prophase Initiation of the assembly of the mitotic spindle
Metaphase
The microtubules start pulling the chromosomes with equal
force
Anaphase
The chromosomes are then pulled towards the pole by the
fibres
Telophase
The chromosomes that cluster at the two poles start
coalescing
Cytokinesis
Denotes the division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter
53. Organelles frequency
Mitochondria
Earth is the only planet
that harbors life
Lysosomes
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
ER
Venus has a beautiful
name but is a hot place
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Cell A
Cell C
Cell B
0 100
75
50
25
54. Recent studies
University A
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
University B
Venus has a beautiful
name but is hot
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here.
For more info, click here
Topic A
100
Topic E
Topic B Topic C Topic D
0
25
50
75
56. Reviewing the nucleus
Nuclear pores
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one of them all
Nuclear membrane
Earth is the third planet from the Sun
and the only one that harbors life
Chromatin
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun
57. What to bring to class
Objects L M X J V
Funnels and bottles x x
Beakers x x
Conical flasks x
Test tubes x x x
Rubber tubing x x
58. Conclusions
Conclusion 1:
Write a conclusion here
Conclusion 2:
Write a conclusion here
Conclusion 3:
Write a conclusion here
Conclusion 4:
Write a conclusion here
Conclusion 5:
Write a conclusion here
Conclusion 6:
Write a conclusion here
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70. JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
Task 1
Task 2
Task 1
Task 2
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL
PHASE 1
Task 1
Task 2
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2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place
Mercury is the
smallest planet in
the Solar System
Neptune is the
farthest planet from
the Sun
Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings
Venus is the
second planet from
the Sun and is
terribly hot
Premium infographics
81. Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place
Jupiter is the
biggest planet in the
entire Solar System
Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings
75%
Premium infographics
Mercury is the
smallest planet in the
Solar System
TITLE 1
75%
#12: This materials plays an important role in the process of Cell DIvision
#15: 46 or 23 in pairs that are placed inside the nucleus of trillions of cells in our bbody
#20: Eventhough we cannot see this process in our body; These following questions can answer its importance
#28: Now were ready to delve in the process of cell division
THIS FIRST PHASE IS THE INITIAL PHASE OR THE PREPARATORY STAGE AND THE LONGEST PHASE OF CELL DIVISION, THIS IS WHERE THE CELLULAR CONTENTS ARE GETTING READY IN THE PROCESS CALLED INTERPHASE