GraphQL Fundamentals

Jan 25, 20211 like318 views

This document is a presentation on GraphQL fundamentals. It was created by Virbhadra S. Ankalkote from BORN Group. The presentation covers what GraphQL is, who created it, why it was created, and how it works. It defines GraphQL as a query language for APIs that fulfills queries with existing data. It notes that Facebook developed GraphQL in 2012 for their native mobile app. In comparison to REST APIs, GraphQL allows clients to get precisely the data they need in one request. The presentation explains the GraphQL specification and includes sections on reading and writing data, using variables and fragments, and limitations such as indefinite querying depth.

? 2021 GraphQL, Inc. Page | 1
GraphQL Fundamentals

? 2021 GraphQL.
.
Page | 2
Senior Software Engineer at BORN Group
Virbhadra S. Ankalkote

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 4
Agenda
{
graphql:{
what
who
why
how
}
}

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 6
��GraphQL is a query language
for APIs, and a runtime for
ful?lling those queries with
existing data ��

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 8
��In 2012, Facebook develop the
GraphQL technology for their
native mobile app��
.

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 9
.
2012 2015 2017..2018...2020
Development Started Open Source Evolving Specification.
Timeline

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 11
Application Programming Interface (API)

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 13
Principles of REST API Design

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 19
GraphQL Playground

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 32
Writing Data ( Mutation )

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 36
GraphQL Variables

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 37
? In GraphQL, you can use variables to reuse the same query/mutations written by
the client, with different arguments.
? When we start working with variables, we need to do three things:
�C Replace the static value in the query with $variableName
�C Declare $variableName as one of the variables accepted by the query
�C Pass variableName: value in the separate, transport-speci?c (usually JSON)
variables dictionary

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 38
GraphQL Fragments

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 39
? A GraphQL fragment is a piece of logic that a client can share between multiple
queries and mutations.
? In GraphQL, you often need to query for the same data ?elds in different queries.
? By reusing this code, we can be more ef?cient with our time and reuse these piece
of queries

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 41
Pain Points of GraphQL

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 42
Almost impossible to solve
�� Query In Inde?nite Depth
�C GraphQL cannot query in inde?nite depth, so if you have a tree and want to
return a branch without knowing the depth, you��ll have to do some
pagination
�� Speci?c Response Structure
�C In GraphQL the response matches the shape of the query, so if you need to
respond in a very speci?c structure, you'll have to add a transformation layer
to reshape the response.

? 2021 GraphQL Page | 43
Hard to solve
�� Cache at Network Level
�C Because of the commonly way GraphQL is used over HTTP (A POST in a
single endpoint), cache at network level becomes hard. A way to solve it is to
use Persisted Queries.
�� Handling File Upload
�C There is nothing about ?le upload in the GraphQL speci?cation and
mutations doesn��t accept ?les in the arguments. To solve it you can upload
?les using other kind of APIs (like REST) and pass the URL of the uploaded ?le
to the GraphQL mutation, or inject the ?le in the execution context, so you��ll
have the ?le inside the resolver functions.

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GraphQL Fundamentals

1. ? 2021 GraphQL, Inc. Page | 1 GraphQL Fundamentals

2. ? 2021 GraphQL. . Page | 2 Senior Software Engineer at BORN Group Virbhadra S. Ankalkote

3. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 3 Agenda

4. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 4 Agenda { graphql:{ what who why how } }

5. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 5 What ?

6. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 6 ��GraphQL is a query language for APIs, and a runtime for ful?lling those queries with existing data ��

7. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 7 Who ?

8. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 8 ��In 2012, Facebook develop the GraphQL technology for their native mobile app�� .

9. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 9 . 2012 2015 2017..2018...2020 Development Started Open Source Evolving Specification. Timeline

10. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 10 Why?

11. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 11 Application Programming Interface (API)

12. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 12 REST Flow

13. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 13 Principles of REST API Design

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15. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 15 GraphQL Flow

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17. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 17 Browser Tools

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19. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 19 GraphQL Playground

20. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 20 How?

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25. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 25 Limitations

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27. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 27 Reading Data

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29. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 29

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32. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 32 Writing Data ( Mutation )

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36. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 36 GraphQL Variables

37. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 37 ? In GraphQL, you can use variables to reuse the same query/mutations written by the client, with different arguments. ? When we start working with variables, we need to do three things: �C Replace the static value in the query with $variableName �C Declare $variableName as one of the variables accepted by the query �C Pass variableName: value in the separate, transport-speci?c (usually JSON) variables dictionary

38. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 38 GraphQL Fragments

39. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 39 ? A GraphQL fragment is a piece of logic that a client can share between multiple queries and mutations. ? In GraphQL, you often need to query for the same data ?elds in different queries. ? By reusing this code, we can be more ef?cient with our time and reuse these piece of queries

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41. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 41 Pain Points of GraphQL

42. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 42 Almost impossible to solve �� Query In Inde?nite Depth �C GraphQL cannot query in inde?nite depth, so if you have a tree and want to return a branch without knowing the depth, you��ll have to do some pagination �� Speci?c Response Structure �C In GraphQL the response matches the shape of the query, so if you need to respond in a very speci?c structure, you'll have to add a transformation layer to reshape the response.

43. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 43 Hard to solve �� Cache at Network Level �C Because of the commonly way GraphQL is used over HTTP (A POST in a single endpoint), cache at network level becomes hard. A way to solve it is to use Persisted Queries. �� Handling File Upload �C There is nothing about ?le upload in the GraphQL speci?cation and mutations doesn��t accept ?les in the arguments. To solve it you can upload ?les using other kind of APIs (like REST) and pass the URL of the uploaded ?le to the GraphQL mutation, or inject the ?le in the execution context, so you��ll have the ?le inside the resolver functions.

44. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 44 Questions ?

45. ? 2021 GraphQL Page | 45 Thank You

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GraphQL Fundamentals

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GraphQL Fundamentals