eleva Schaser Karina-XD
Prezentare multimedia realizata in cadrul Concursului Stiintific National de Astronomie- editia 2015 "Nicolaus Copernic"
Colegiul National "Horea, Closca si Crisan " Alba Iulia, Jud. Alba
Derechos humanos, campos de concentraci坦n y bomba at坦micajavieramontealegre
油
Este documento resume brevemente la historia de los derechos humanos, incluida la Declaraci坦n Universal de Derechos Humanos de 1948. Tambi辿n describe c坦mo los derechos humanos fueron violados durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial a trav辿s de campos de concentraci坦n y la bomba at坦mica. Finalmente, enumera algunos pa鱈ses que han tenido campos de concentraci坦n.
eleva Schaser Karina-XD
Prezentare multimedia realizata in cadrul Concursului Stiintific National de Astronomie- editia 2015 "Nicolaus Copernic"
Colegiul National "Horea, Closca si Crisan " Alba Iulia, Jud. Alba
Derechos humanos, campos de concentraci坦n y bomba at坦micajavieramontealegre
油
Este documento resume brevemente la historia de los derechos humanos, incluida la Declaraci坦n Universal de Derechos Humanos de 1948. Tambi辿n describe c坦mo los derechos humanos fueron violados durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial a trav辿s de campos de concentraci坦n y la bomba at坦mica. Finalmente, enumera algunos pa鱈ses que han tenido campos de concentraci坦n.
The Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasakinamelessacorn
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The document summarizes the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On August 6th, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb called Little Boy on Hiroshima, killing 70,000 initially and 130,000 from radiation over 5 years. On August 9th, another bomb called Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki due to poor weather, killing 40,000 immediately and 60,000 injured. While more powerful, Fat Man caused less damage due to Nagasaki's terrain. These bombings ended World War 2 but began the nuclear era.
The document summarizes the events leading up to and outcomes of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II in the Pacific theater. It describes the estimated high costs of invading mainland Japan, the top secret Manhattan Project to develop nuclear weapons, and President Truman's difficult decision to drop atomic bombs on Japanese cities in light of Japan's refusal to surrender after the Allies demanded unconditional terms. On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima, killing 75,000 people instantly. Japan still did not surrender, so the U.S. dropped a second bomb called "Fat Man" on Nagasaki on August 9
The document summarizes the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States in August 1945. It notes that Hiroshima was bombed on August 6th by the Enola Gay dropping the atomic bomb Little Boy, killing 60,000-70,000 people. Nagasaki was bombed two days later on August 9th by Fat Man, resulting in 42,000 deaths and 40,000 injuries from burns and flying debris.
Hiroshima And Nagasaki Bombing The Aftermathguest5402cc
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The document summarizes the experiences of a 13-year-old boy who survived the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. He describes seeing the flash of light and feeling the shockwave from the bomb. His body was injured by glass and his clothing was covered in blood and shards. Survivors experienced radiation sickness in the following days from the radioactive fallout, suffering from fever, vomiting and hair loss, though at the time they did not understand the cause. The bombing killed over 200 schoolgirls who were mobilized to help in the city that day and could not receive care in time.
The document discusses the history and workings of atomic bombs. It notes that atomic bombs work through nuclear fission, which was discovered and developed into weapons during World War II under the Manhattan Project led by American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. The first atomic bomb was tested at Alamogordo, New Mexico in 1945. Two atomic bombs were then used against Japan in 1945 - "Little Boy" dropped on Hiroshima and "Fat Man" dropped on Nagasaki, causing widespread destruction and loss of life. The document outlines the effects of atomic bombs and some basic properties of the two bombs used against Japan.
69th Anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasakimaditabalnco
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The document discusses the 69th anniversary of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It notes that around 140,000 people died in Hiroshima and 70,000 in Nagasaki either immediately or from radiation exposure by December 1945. The bombings precipitated Japan's surrender and the end of World War II on August 15, 1945. The atomic bombings were ordered by President Harry Truman and involved the nuclear attacks on the cities of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, which put an end to World War II. It is estimated the bombs killed around 140,000 in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945
The long shadows of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 70th anniversary of atomic bombingguimera
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On August 6th, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb called "Little Boy" on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, killing tens of thousands instantly. Three days later, on August 9th, the US dropped a second atomic bomb called "Fat Man" on Nagasaki, killing thousands more. The bombings marked the first use of nuclear weapons in war and resulted in hundreds of thousands of immediate and long-term casualties in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan surrendered six days later, ending World War II.
1) In 1932, Einstein warned President Roosevelt about Nazi Germany's efforts to purify uranium, which could be used to create an atomic bomb. This led the US to begin the secret Manhattan Project to develop a bomb.
2) The Manhattan Project took 6 years and over $2 billion, led by Robert Oppenheimer. They successfully tested the first atomic bomb called "The Gadget" in New Mexico in 1945.
3) In early August 1945, the US dropped atomic bombs called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima on August 6th and "Fat Man" on Nagasaki on August 9th, causing widespread destruction and many casualties in both cities. Japan surrendered on August 15th, ending World
The document discusses the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It provides the rationale for the bombings, which was to end WWII and prevent mass casualties from a planned invasion of Japan. However, some people criticized the bombings on ethical grounds as civilians were targeted. After the bombings, over 220,000 people died from the two bombs. Japan surrendered six days later, ending the war.
The document summarizes the War in the Pacific between 1941-1945. It describes the key players, Japan's imperial expansion leading up to attacking Pearl Harbor in 1941. The US strategy involved "island hopping" to retake islands from Japan and cut off their navy. A turning point was the Battle of Midway in 1942 where the US sank four Japanese aircraft carriers. Fighting was brutal as the US advanced across the Pacific, culminating in atomic bombs being dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Japan formally surrendered on September 2nd, 1945, ending the most destructive conflict in human history.
The document summarizes the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The US issued the Potsdam Declaration calling for Japan's surrender, but Japan refused. The US then decided to use atomic bombs, developed through the secret Manhattan Project, to force Japan's surrender and end WWII. On August 6th, the US dropped a uranium bomb on Hiroshima, killing 70,000 people. After Japan did not surrender, on August 9th the US dropped a plutonium bomb on Nagasaki, killing 135,000 people. Japan surrendered on August 14th, ending WWII.
The Manhattan Project began in 1939 and ultimately involved over 600,000 people including famous scientists like Einstein, Fermi, and Oppenheimer to develop the first atomic bombs. The Trinity Test in New Mexico in July 1945 was a success. At the Potsdam Conference, Truman was informed of this and warned Japan to surrender, but they did not. He ultimately decided to use the newly developed atomic bombs to end the war, dropping Little Boy on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and Fat Man on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, together killing over 200,000 people. Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, ending World War II.
Atomic bomb blasting of Hiroshima and Nagasaki .ppt爨む鉦Ω爨爭爨爨 爨謹鉦項Π爨逗Θ
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The document summarizes the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. It describes the immediate and ongoing effects of the bombings, including the high death toll initially from burns and trauma (over 80,000 in Hiroshima and 40,000 in Nagasaki) and later illnesses from radiation exposure like leukemia. It also discusses the destruction of infrastructure in the cities and suppression of information about the bombings' impacts by the occupying Allied forces. The bombings marked the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war.
The document summarizes the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States in 1945. It discusses the Potsdam Declaration that called for Japan's surrender, the reasoning for using atomic bombs to end the war, and the targeting of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It then describes the delivery of atomic bombs by planes to both cities and the massive destruction and estimated deaths of over 200,000 people between the two bombings. Japan surrendered a few days later, ending World War II.
The document discusses nuclear hazards and radiation. It defines nuclear reactions like fusion and fission, and notes they can release energy. The main sources of nuclear radiation are natural sources like radon, and anthropogenic sources like nuclear power plants and accidents. Exposure to radiation above certain levels can cause health effects ranging from mild sickness to death. The Chernobyl disaster of 1986 in Ukraine resulted from a power surge and explosions, releasing radiation over Europe. It required large evacuations and has been linked to increased cancer rates. Shielding, distance and limiting exposure time can help control radioactive pollution risks.
This Presentation brings forth the Causes, Aftermaths and many other facts regarding the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It also includes Albert Einstein's Letter.
This was made for Educational Purpose.
2. Ce sunt hazardele nucleare..?
Hazardele nucleare sunt legate de
centralele atomoelectrice, de
instalatiile nucleare din unele institute
de cercetare stiintifica, de caderea pe
Pamant a unor sateliti artificiali cu
propulsie nucleara, precum si de
transportul si depozitarea deseurilor
radioactive.
Acestea sunt produse de raspandirea
necontrolata a unor substante
radioactive in afara instalatiilor
nucleare si a dispozitivelor de deseuri
radioactive. Substantele respective pot
sa iradieze populatia si mediul
inconjurator si pot produce victime.
3. Dezastre nucleare
In 1937,in timpul prigoanei fasciste a acelor ani,in care Hitler ameninta cu bomba
finala,a fost descoperita in Germania reactia de fisiune in lant,a dat posibilitatea
construirii bombei atomice,care a fost experimentata in localitatea Los Alamos(New
Mexico,SUA),pentru prima data,constand in detonarea unei bombe bazate pe fisiunea
uraniului.
Primul dezastru nuclear a avut loc odata cu detonarea primei bombe atomice asupra
orasului Hiroshima,care s-a soldat cu peste 100.000 morti.
In prezent s-au emis multe ipoteze privind posibilitatea exploziei unui reactor nuclear
precum o bomba,lucru care nu este posibil.Dar sunt insa posibile accidente datorita
supraincalzirii reactoarelor in care componentele lor se pot topi.Reactoarele moderne sunt
inchise in conditii extrem de izolate precum ar fi containerele.
Cel mai mare accident nuclear a avut loc la Cernobil(Ucraina) in 1986,cand reactorul 4 a
suferit o supraincalzire,provocand mari pagube,cum ar fi pierderi de vieti omenesti,precum
si boli sau mutatii genetice,zona fiind,in prezent,sub radioactivitate,totul fiind datorita
temperaturilor mari si a nerespectarii regulilor si a disciplinelor tehnologice fapt care a dus
chiar la aparitia accidentelor genetice,cum ar fi mutantii(animale,etc.)
In prezent,datorita sistemelor avansate pentru prevenirea a astfel de accidente,posibilitatile
producerii unui accident asemenator Cernobil-ului sunt aproape nule.
4. O mare problema in
energetica nucleara o
reprezinta depozitarea
rezidurilor nucleare,care sunt
produse de reactoare.Acestea
pot infecta grav mediul
inconjurator.
Reziduurile sunt depuse in
containere speciale,puse sub
pamant in vechi mine
parasite.In 1957,in Rusia,intr-
un loc de depozitare din
muntii Ural,rezidurile s-au
aprins si au explodat,fapt care
a dus la moartea a zeci de
oameni
5. Istoric nuclear
Decembrie 1938: Fermi, fisiunea nucleara
Enrico Fermi cistiga Premiul Nobel in fizica pentru descoperirile sale in domeniul puterii nucleare. Fermi devine primul fizician
care a divizat atomul. Cercetarile sale ulterioare vor constitui punctul de plecare pentru generatia puterii nucleare. In
acelasi an, doi fizicieni germani, Lise Meitner si Otto Frisch, au reusit sa divida primul atom de uraniu. Ei au numit
procesul fisiune nucleara.
August 1939: Scrisoarea lui Einstein
Fizicianul Albert Einstein ii trimite o scrisoare presedintelui american Franklin D. Roosevelt, prin care il avertizeaza asupra
faptului ca doi cercetatori germani lucreaza la construirea unei bombe atomice. Roosevelt organizeaza un comitet special
pentru a analiza implicatiile militare ale cercetarii atomice.
Decembrie 1941: Pearl Harbor
Statele Unite ale Americii intra in Al Doilea Razboi Mondial, ca urmare a atacului japonez de la Pearl Harbor
Septembrie 1942: Proiectul Manhattan
Este initiat Proiectul Manhattan, avind ca scop crearea unei arme atomice inaintea germanilor.
Iulie 1945: Trinity Test
Statele Unite detoneaza prima arma atomica linga Alamogordo, New Mexico.
August 1945: Hiroshima/Nagasaki
Statele Unite lanseaza bombele atomice asupra oraselor japoneze Hiroshima si Nagasaki. Aproximativ 110.000 de oameni sint
ucisi in urma exploziei. Zeci de mii de persoane au murit in lunile si anii urmatori ca o consecinta a infestarii cu radiatii.
Japonezii s-au predat la citeva zile dupa atacul cu bombe, punind astfel capat Celui De-al Doilea Razboi Mondial.
6. August 1949: Bomba sovietica
Uniunea Sovietica detoneaza prima arma atomica, punind astfel capat monopolului nuclear al Americii.
Octombrie 1957: Sputnik
Uniunea Sovietica lanseaza prima nava in spatiu, Sputnik. In acelasi an, in luna octombrie, la reactorul nuclear
Windscale, din Marea Britanie, izbucneste un incendiu. Sint emanate radiatii toxice.
Octombrie 1961: Mega-Bomba sovietica
Uniunea Sovietica detoneaza o arma nucleara de 58 megatone, echivalentul a mai mult de 50 milioane de tone de TNT
sau echivalentul a mai mult decit tot explozibilul folosit in timpul Celui De-al Doilea Razboi Mondial. A fost cea mai
puternica arma nucleara cunoscuta pina atunci.
August 1963: Tratatul pentru interzicerea testelor nucleare
Statele Unite, Marea Britanie si Uniunea Sovietica semneaza Tratatul pentru Limitarea Testelor cu armament, care
interzicea testele nucleare in atmosfera, in mediul subacvatic sau in spatiu. Mai mult de 100 de tari au aderat la
acest tratat incepind din anul 1963.
Ianuarie 1966: Broken Arrow
A U.S. B-52, care transporta arme nucleare, se zdrobeste de Coasta Spaniei. Trei bombe cu hidrogen ajung pe pamint;
una ajunge in adincul Marii Mediterane. Nici una dintre ele nu explodeaza si sint recuperate. Dar plutoniul radioactiv
este emanat in solul Spaniei, iar armata americana depune eforturi uriase pentru a curata mediul. Acesta este doar
unul dintre incidentele reunite de Statele Unite sub termenul de broken arrows - arme nucleare pierdute.
Martie 1979: Fabrica Three Mile Island
Reactorul nuclear din fabrica Three Mile Island, de linga orasul Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, sufera o topire partiala. Este
emanat ceea ce a fost descris sub numele de minim material radioactiv.
Martie 1983: Razboiul stelelor
Presedintele american Ronald Regan anunta Initiativa de Aparare Strategica (SDI). Cunoscut sub numele de Razboiul
Stelelor, SDI a fost pus in practica prin intermediul unui sistem- satelit nuclear de aparare, care era capabil sa
distruga orice racheta sau alta arma ostila din spatiu.
7. August 1985: Moratoriu privind testarea nucleara
Uniunea Sovietica face public un moratoriu privind testarea nucleara.
Aprilie 1986: Cernobil
Reactorul nuclear Cernobil din Ucraina a suferit o incendiere si o topire. Cantitati masive de materiale radioactive sint
emanate, afectind o mare parte a Europei.
1992: North Korea
Coreea de Nord, suspectata de a fi desfasurat un program de inarmare nucleara, se retrage din Tratatul de non-proliferare.
In anul 1995, dupa negocieri intense, un consortiu international este de acord cu construirea a doua reactoare
nucleare pentru a inlocui un reactor sovietic vechi, la Pyongyang. Acordul s-a semnat in schimbul inghetarii oricaror
programe de inarmare desfasurate de Coreea de Nord.
Mai 1995: Teste ale Chinei
China desfasoara primele doua teste nucleare subpamintene .
August 1995: Interzicerea impusa de SUA
Statele Unite anunta o interzicere a tuturor testelor de arme nucleare in America.
Septembrie 1995: Teste ale Frantei
In ciuda protestelor internationale, Franta reia testarile nucleare in Pacificul de Sud.
Septembrie 1996: Tratatul nesemnat de India si Pakistan
Natiunile Unite aproba Tratatul de Interzicere a Testelor care interzice testarea nucleara ce implica explozii, insa permite
testele de laborator. India respinge tratatul. Pakistanul declara ca nu semneaza decit dupa semnatura Indiei.
Mai 1998: Teste ale Indiei si Pakistanului
India organizeaza cinci teste nucleare subterane. Pakistanul, in replica, desfasoara propriile teste nucleare, cu citeva zile
mai tirziu.