Health and the Built Environment
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This document provides an overview and introduction to the relationship between public health and urban planning. It discusses how the two disciplines emerged and diverged over time, with public health initially focusing on the physical environment and connections to disease, but later focusing more on medical interventions. It also discusses how planning has increasingly recognized the effects that the built environment can have on health outcomes. Several specific domains where the built environment impacts health are outlined, including land use and transportation patterns, food systems, access to parks and open space. The document concludes by assigning students a literature review on one of these topic areas.
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Health and the Built Environment
- 1. PSUS 6230 UP: SUSTAINABLE COMM DESIGN STUDIO: PLANNING FOR HEALTH POLICY INTHE 21ST CENTURY Introduction to Health and the Built Environment September 3,2015
- 2. Overview ?Introductions and Review of the Syllabus ?Questions ?Public Health and Planning’s Joint Foundation ?Emergence of the two disciplines ?Policy and Public Health Assessments
- 3. Public Health and Planning Foundations
- 4. Connections Made Between Disease and Sanitation
- 5. The Divergence of the Disciplines By 1894, public health began to focus more on the medical than the physical environment ?Widespread use of medication and the new “antibiotics” ?Improved living conditions ?Physical environment increasingly less important As a result of the success of the sanitation movement in the latter half of the 19th century: ?Building standards ?Indoor plumbing ?New York Tenement Housing Act of 1901: daylight, natural ventilation, sanitation and security
- 6. Public Health’s Emerging Focus: 1950-2005 ?Deaths from cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, injuries ?Causes thought to be primarily biologic, not as much environmental/ behavioral ?Hospitals, medical specialists, intensive care units, biomedical research, pharmaceuticals
- 7. Public Health and Public Planning Public Health Public Planning Where we live not affect our health outcomes
- 9. What are the domains where these effects occur?
- 10. Land Use Patterns Suburban Orlando Lehigh Acres
- 11. Transportation ? Air pollution: American Lung Association estimates annual health cost due to air pollution from motor vehicles is $4.5 to $93 billion ? Sedentary lifestyle: Sitting in traffic decreases mental well- being and increases weight gain ? Walking and biking: Pedestrian injury is the third leading cause of death for children 15 and younger
- 12. Harvard Study on Transportation and Health ?Studied 83 largest urban areas ?At least 2,200 premature deaths in 2010 ?Public health cost estimated at $17.8 Billion associated with: ? Morbidity ? Health care ? Insurance ? Accidents www.transportationconstructioncoalition.org
- 13. What if 1,950 UNCC Students, Faculty, & Staff Rode the BLE? $$ Save $450 in Parking/Year and $10/Day in Driving Costs Could Save Another $9,120/Year in Car Ownership Expenses The University Could Save $8.56 M in Constructing a New Parking Deck What About Health Care and Quality of Life Savings? What if 24,500 Extra People Rode the BLE to Work? $$ CATS Would Generate an Additional $27 M in Revenue Each Year 75 Million Vehicle Miles Would be Avoided Saving: ? $96,800 in Air Quality ? $3.8 M in Traffic Congestion ? $27 M in Collision Reductions ? $11.3 M in Road Maintenance More People Would be Physically Active Reducing the Health Care Cost of Physical Inactivity by $1,400 per Person Air Quality Would Improve Reducing the Health Care Cost of Asthma by $3,300 per Person Each Year of Life Saved through Healthier Behavior, Avoided Crashes, and Higher Education equals $130,000 P Savings Due to the Blue Line Extension Total Estimated Benefits: $1.2 Billion/Year
- 14. Food Systems ? Food is a regional issue: Your food should come from the closest place possible geographically ? Food insecurity: community gardens, urban agriculture ? What’s in our food?
- 15. Access to Parks and Open Space Parks and other aspects of the built environment are often not viewed as part of the medical or health care system. The Commission to Build a Healthier America states that the most important types of preventative care are “outside of the traditional medical care setting, in the places where we live, learn, work, play, and worship” (Williams, McClellan, & Rivlin, 2010 )
- 17. In 2010, less than ? of school-aged children had parks, community centers and sidewalks in their neighborhoods Rate of 9 recreational facilities per 100,000 population 31% of population live within half a mile of a park http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/downloads/PA_State_Indicator_Report_2010.pdf Parks and Open Space
- 18. Assignment: Literature review of one of the topics listed. The assignment is due by 5:30 next Thursday evening via Blackboard to Professor Whitehead