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Hernandez.Feeds090115

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Fernando Hernandez
Fernando Hernandez

The document explores using optimal nutrient densities in broiler diets to maximize performance, yield, and profit. It finds that a high protein prestarter diet, males, and diets with 97% ME and 102% protein from Cobb recommendations optimize breast meat yield and economic returns. Precision nutrition strategies can help poultry producers balance multiple objectives of broiler production.

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www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Broiler Diets to Maximize Carcass Yield and Quality F. I. L. Hernandez1, M. J. Zuidhof, D. R. Korver2, R. A. Renema2, Valerie Carney1 1 Alberta Agriculture and Food, Agriculture Research Division 2 Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta
Hernandez.Feeds090115
www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Dietary Energy Density Dietary Protein Density
Take Home Message • Optimal nutrient densities to optimize performance and to maximize profit 1. Good early start pays dividends 2. Drop the Energy:Protein ratio during grower and finisher phases
Background • Quality in the meat sector …has many dimensions (leanness, color, functional properties) • Maximize value (yield, quality, or profitability)… … usually means compromise between multiple competing objectives • Modeling applications were explored for using nutrition to optimize broiler production …and explore the impact of nutrition with the aim of improving lean meat yield
Cobb Sex-separate HighPS LowPS PRE-STARTER 3,335 3,245 1 – 11 d kcal/kg kcal/kg 22.80 CP 21.80 CP
TREATMENTS 85 % 92.5 % 100 % 107.5 % 115 % protein protein protein protein protein 94 % energy 97 % energy 100% energy *Cobb-Vantress recommendations for maximized growth rate and feed efficiency
TREATMENTS DIETS DBP Treatment VLow Low Rec High VHigh Low A AAC AC ACC C ME Treatment Mod AB AABBCD ABCD ABCCDD CD Rec B BBD BD BDD D
CORNER DIETS (Analyzed) A B C D Starter 3,009 3,169 3,014 3,094 11 – 20 d (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) 20.70 CP 19.80 CP 27.80 CP 27.80 CP Grower 2,909 3,119 2,842 3,008 20 – 31 d (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) 16.39 CP 17.41 CP 23.41 CP 22.31 CP Finisher 3,022 3,137 2,972 3,171 31 – 56 d (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) 16.09 CP 16.78 CP 20.76 CP 21.52 CP
TREATMENTS DIETS DBP Treatment VLow Low Rec High VHigh Low A AAC AC ACC C ME Treatment Mod AB AABBCD ABCD ABCCDD CD Rec B BBD BD BDD D
Hernandez.Feeds090115
Techniques • BW (Live body weight) • Carcass – Eviscerated (feet, head and neck removed) • Cut Up - Breast (p. major + p. minor) - Abdominal fatpad (including fat on gizzard) - Legs (drum + thigh) - Wings
Techniques - Equations are useful to discover optimal ages or management strategies for lean chicken production • Allometric analysis was conducted using Huxley’s equation y = ax b • Where y is the weight of the carcass part (g); x is the weight of the eviscerated carcass (g); a and b are coefficients, estimated using the NLIN procedure of SAS.
Effect of Prestarter on BW LowPS HighPS 4.0 2.80 3.0 2.70 BW (kg) BW (kg) 2.60 2.0 2.50 High Low 1.0 Prestarter 0.0 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 Age (days) PS Level P<0.0001 P<0.0001
Effect of Prestarter on Breast Yield at 42 d ( 2,135 g EBW) 700.00 690.00 680.00 669.94 667.75 Breast (g) 670.00 660.00 650.00 640.00 630.00 620.00 610.00 600.00 HighPS LowPS P<0.037
Prestarter Effects (HighPS) Summary • Improved BW at 42 d (2.73 vs 2.66 kg) • Improved Breast Yield at 42 d (670 vs 668 g)
Effect of Sex on BW at 42 d 3 2.92 2.48 2 BW (kg) 1 0 Female Male Sex P<0.0001 P<0.0001
Effect of Sex on Fat Pad at 42 d 80.00 71.98 70.00 60.00 Fatpad (g) 50.00 43.65 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 Female Male P<0.0001
Effect of DBP on Breast Yield at 42 d 700.00 679.32 678.02 680.00 674.13 Breast (g) 657.25 660.00 647.59 640.00 620.00 600.00 VH H Rec L VL P<0.0001 P<0.0001
Effect of DBP on Fat Pad at 42 d 80.00 75.92 70.00 57.42 60.00 53.27 49.32 Fatpad (g) 50.00 44.87 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 VH H Rec L VL P<0.0001
Economic Analysis • Live cost of production (Supply Chain Model) – BW – Feed intake & FCR -Processing Cost - $1.94/kg (whole bird scenario) - $2.13/kg (cutup scenario) -Carcass Value (CA wholesale / US relative) - Whole bird scenario ($3.48 < 2.3 kg < $4.15/kg) -Cutup scenario Breast ( x 1.78) Legs ( x 0.86) Other ( x 0.62) Sources: AAFC, USDA
FEED PRICES OF CORNER DIETS HighPS LowPS PRE-STARTER $354.20/t $317.24/t A B C D Starter $315.26 $348.95 $333.70 $367.31 Grower $324.68 $360.31 $344.01 $379.72 Finisher $319.66 $354.10 $334.20 $369.42
Relative Feed Prices Relative cost 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 80 90 100 110 120 Protein (% of rec) Energy (% of rec) 94 97 100
Females More Profitable: Males • High PS • Males
Optimum: 97% ME @102% rec DBP
Optimum Formulation* Cutup Whole Age ME DBP ME DBP 28 97 102 97 98 36 97 102 97 101 42 97 102 97 101 49 97 101 97 101 56 97 101 97 99 *% of Cobb-Vantress recommendations for maximized growth and feed efficiency
OPTIMAL DIETS (cut up scenario) 97% ME 102% DBP HighPS 3,335 kcal/kg 22.80 CP 3,011 STARTER (kcal/kg) 23.55 CP 2,911 GROWER (kcal/kg) 19.49 CP 3,015 FINISHER (kcal/kg) 18.42 CP
Optimal Energy:Protein ratios Honourable Optimal mentions Recommended Cutup Whole Cutup Whole ——————————— kcal ME / g CP ——————————— Starter 14.0 14.2 14.8 14.8 14.9 Grower 16.0 14.2 14.6 14.6 14.7 Finisher 17.1 15.7 15.8 16.0 16.1 Cutup Market Optimal Cal:P ratio is lower than recommended for grower and finisher phases Whole Market Optimal Cal:P ratio is slightly higher for the starter and grower phases than for the cutup market
Final Considerations • Early nutrition has a strong economic impact • Nutritionists working with the end product in mind have the potential to improve value through improving lean yield, reducing carcass fatness
Take Home Message • Optimal nutrient densities to optimize performance and to maximize profit 1. Good early start pays dividends 2. Drop the Energy:Protein ratio during grower and finisher phases
Acknowledgements P o u lt r y In d u s t r y C o u n c il for Research and Education
www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Thanks!
www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Prestarter Diets Ingredients HighPS LowPS % Corn Grain 50.8 35.6 Wheat Grain 10.5 15.0 Soybean Meal 32.3 22.0 Wheat Bran - 19.4 Corn Gluten Meal - 2.3 Canola Oil 0.6 0.006 Others (AA, Min, Vit, Binder) 5.8 5.6
www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Corner Starter Diets StartA StartB StartC StartD % Corn Grain 47.0 40.0 - - Wheat Grain - 10.0 38.3 41.0 Soybean Meal 22.0 21.5 31.6 32.6 Wheat Bran 25.0 19.7 24.0 17.8 Corn Gluten - - - - Canola Oil 0.3 3.0 0.3 2.8 Others (AA, Min, Vit, Binder) 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8
www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Corner Grower Diets GrowA GrowB GrowC GrowD % Corn Grain 50.0 39.4 10.0 - Wheat Grain 2.0 10.0 32.9 40.0 Soybean Meal 16.2 15.4 25.1 24.5 Wheat Bran 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.2 Corn Gluten - - - - Canola Oil 1.1 4.4 1.2 4.5 Others (AA, Min, Vit, Binder) 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8
www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Corner Finisher Diets FinishA FinishB FinishC FinishD % Corn Grain 52.8 47.1 9.8 6.9 Wheat Grain - 10.0 35.3 38.9 Soybean Meal 15.1 14.8 22.6 23.2 Wheat Bran 25.0 18.3 25.0 20.8 Corn Gluten - - - - Canola Oil 1.8 4.4 1.9 4.7 Others (AA, Min, Vit, Binder) 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5

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Hernandez.Feeds090115

  • 1. www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Broiler Diets to Maximize Carcass Yield and Quality F. I. L. Hernandez1, M. J. Zuidhof, D. R. Korver2, R. A. Renema2, Valerie Carney1 1 Alberta Agriculture and Food, Agriculture Research Division 2 Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta
  • 3. www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Dietary Energy Density Dietary Protein Density
  • 4. Take Home Message • Optimal nutrient densities to optimize performance and to maximize profit 1. Good early start pays dividends 2. Drop the Energy:Protein ratio during grower and finisher phases
  • 5. Background • Quality in the meat sector …has many dimensions (leanness, color, functional properties) • Maximize value (yield, quality, or profitability)… … usually means compromise between multiple competing objectives • Modeling applications were explored for using nutrition to optimize broiler production …and explore the impact of nutrition with the aim of improving lean meat yield
  • 6. Cobb Sex-separate HighPS LowPS PRE-STARTER 3,335 3,245 1 – 11 d kcal/kg kcal/kg 22.80 CP 21.80 CP
  • 7. TREATMENTS 85 % 92.5 % 100 % 107.5 % 115 % protein protein protein protein protein 94 % energy 97 % energy 100% energy *Cobb-Vantress recommendations for maximized growth rate and feed efficiency
  • 8. TREATMENTS DIETS DBP Treatment VLow Low Rec High VHigh Low A AAC AC ACC C ME Treatment Mod AB AABBCD ABCD ABCCDD CD Rec B BBD BD BDD D
  • 9. CORNER DIETS (Analyzed) A B C D Starter 3,009 3,169 3,014 3,094 11 – 20 d (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) 20.70 CP 19.80 CP 27.80 CP 27.80 CP Grower 2,909 3,119 2,842 3,008 20 – 31 d (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) 16.39 CP 17.41 CP 23.41 CP 22.31 CP Finisher 3,022 3,137 2,972 3,171 31 – 56 d (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) 16.09 CP 16.78 CP 20.76 CP 21.52 CP
  • 10. TREATMENTS DIETS DBP Treatment VLow Low Rec High VHigh Low A AAC AC ACC C ME Treatment Mod AB AABBCD ABCD ABCCDD CD Rec B BBD BD BDD D
  • 12. Techniques • BW (Live body weight) • Carcass – Eviscerated (feet, head and neck removed) • Cut Up - Breast (p. major + p. minor) - Abdominal fatpad (including fat on gizzard) - Legs (drum + thigh) - Wings
  • 13. Techniques - Equations are useful to discover optimal ages or management strategies for lean chicken production • Allometric analysis was conducted using Huxley’s equation y = ax b • Where y is the weight of the carcass part (g); x is the weight of the eviscerated carcass (g); a and b are coefficients, estimated using the NLIN procedure of SAS.
  • 14. Effect of Prestarter on BW LowPS HighPS 4.0 2.80 3.0 2.70 BW (kg) BW (kg) 2.60 2.0 2.50 High Low 1.0 Prestarter 0.0 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 Age (days) PS Level P<0.0001 P<0.0001
  • 15. Effect of Prestarter on Breast Yield at 42 d ( 2,135 g EBW) 700.00 690.00 680.00 669.94 667.75 Breast (g) 670.00 660.00 650.00 640.00 630.00 620.00 610.00 600.00 HighPS LowPS P<0.037
  • 16. Prestarter Effects (HighPS) Summary • Improved BW at 42 d (2.73 vs 2.66 kg) • Improved Breast Yield at 42 d (670 vs 668 g)
  • 17. Effect of Sex on BW at 42 d 3 2.92 2.48 2 BW (kg) 1 0 Female Male Sex P<0.0001 P<0.0001
  • 18. Effect of Sex on Fat Pad at 42 d 80.00 71.98 70.00 60.00 Fatpad (g) 50.00 43.65 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 Female Male P<0.0001
  • 19. Effect of DBP on Breast Yield at 42 d 700.00 679.32 678.02 680.00 674.13 Breast (g) 657.25 660.00 647.59 640.00 620.00 600.00 VH H Rec L VL P<0.0001 P<0.0001
  • 20. Effect of DBP on Fat Pad at 42 d 80.00 75.92 70.00 57.42 60.00 53.27 49.32 Fatpad (g) 50.00 44.87 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 VH H Rec L VL P<0.0001
  • 21. Economic Analysis • Live cost of production (Supply Chain Model) – BW – Feed intake & FCR -Processing Cost - $1.94/kg (whole bird scenario) - $2.13/kg (cutup scenario) -Carcass Value (CA wholesale / US relative) - Whole bird scenario ($3.48 < 2.3 kg < $4.15/kg) -Cutup scenario Breast ( x 1.78) Legs ( x 0.86) Other ( x 0.62) Sources: AAFC, USDA
  • 22. FEED PRICES OF CORNER DIETS HighPS LowPS PRE-STARTER $354.20/t $317.24/t A B C D Starter $315.26 $348.95 $333.70 $367.31 Grower $324.68 $360.31 $344.01 $379.72 Finisher $319.66 $354.10 $334.20 $369.42
  • 23. Relative Feed Prices Relative cost 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 80 90 100 110 120 Protein (% of rec) Energy (% of rec) 94 97 100
  • 24. Females More Profitable: Males • High PS • Males
  • 25. Optimum: 97% ME @102% rec DBP
  • 26. Optimum Formulation* Cutup Whole Age ME DBP ME DBP 28 97 102 97 98 36 97 102 97 101 42 97 102 97 101 49 97 101 97 101 56 97 101 97 99 *% of Cobb-Vantress recommendations for maximized growth and feed efficiency
  • 27. OPTIMAL DIETS (cut up scenario) 97% ME 102% DBP HighPS 3,335 kcal/kg 22.80 CP 3,011 STARTER (kcal/kg) 23.55 CP 2,911 GROWER (kcal/kg) 19.49 CP 3,015 FINISHER (kcal/kg) 18.42 CP
  • 28. Optimal Energy:Protein ratios Honourable Optimal mentions Recommended Cutup Whole Cutup Whole ——————————— kcal ME / g CP ——————————— Starter 14.0 14.2 14.8 14.8 14.9 Grower 16.0 14.2 14.6 14.6 14.7 Finisher 17.1 15.7 15.8 16.0 16.1 Cutup Market Optimal Cal:P ratio is lower than recommended for grower and finisher phases Whole Market Optimal Cal:P ratio is slightly higher for the starter and grower phases than for the cutup market
  • 29. Final Considerations • Early nutrition has a strong economic impact • Nutritionists working with the end product in mind have the potential to improve value through improving lean yield, reducing carcass fatness
  • 30. Take Home Message • Optimal nutrient densities to optimize performance and to maximize profit 1. Good early start pays dividends 2. Drop the Energy:Protein ratio during grower and finisher phases
  • 31. Acknowledgements P o u lt r y In d u s t r y C o u n c il for Research and Education
  • 33. www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Prestarter Diets Ingredients HighPS LowPS % Corn Grain 50.8 35.6 Wheat Grain 10.5 15.0 Soybean Meal 32.3 22.0 Wheat Bran - 19.4 Corn Gluten Meal - 2.3 Canola Oil 0.6 0.006 Others (AA, Min, Vit, Binder) 5.8 5.6
  • 34. www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Corner Starter Diets StartA StartB StartC StartD % Corn Grain 47.0 40.0 - - Wheat Grain - 10.0 38.3 41.0 Soybean Meal 22.0 21.5 31.6 32.6 Wheat Bran 25.0 19.7 24.0 17.8 Corn Gluten - - - - Canola Oil 0.3 3.0 0.3 2.8 Others (AA, Min, Vit, Binder) 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8
  • 35. www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Corner Grower Diets GrowA GrowB GrowC GrowD % Corn Grain 50.0 39.4 10.0 - Wheat Grain 2.0 10.0 32.9 40.0 Soybean Meal 16.2 15.4 25.1 24.5 Wheat Bran 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.2 Corn Gluten - - - - Canola Oil 1.1 4.4 1.2 4.5 Others (AA, Min, Vit, Binder) 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8
  • 36. www.poultryresearchcentre.ca Corner Finisher Diets FinishA FinishB FinishC FinishD % Corn Grain 52.8 47.1 9.8 6.9 Wheat Grain - 10.0 35.3 38.9 Soybean Meal 15.1 14.8 22.6 23.2 Wheat Bran 25.0 18.3 25.0 20.8 Corn Gluten - - - - Canola Oil 1.8 4.4 1.9 4.7 Others (AA, Min, Vit, Binder) 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5