मनो-भौतिकी का परिचय (Hindi)
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मनोविज्ञान की वो शाखा जो एक मनोवैज्ञानिक घटना और एक उद्दीपक के भौतिक गुणों के बीच संबंध का अध्ययन करती है।
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मानक विचलन (standard deviation)Dr Rajesh Verma मानक विचलन स्कोर्स के विस्तार की डिग्री का सूचकांक और उस जनसंख्या का जिसमे में से नमूना लिया गया है की विचलनशीलता का एक अनुमान होता है (Guilford & Fruchter, 1976)।
standard deviation: an introduction
standard deviation: an introductionDr Rajesh VermaThe document discusses standard deviation (SD) as a measure of variability in a data set, detailing its definition, significance in statistics, and characteristics such as its relationship with mean values. It provides methods for computing SD for ungrouped and grouped data along with examples. Additionally, it addresses how SD indicates data dispersion and its application in statistical techniques.
चतुर्थक विचलन (quartile deviation)
चतुर्थक विचलन (quartile deviation)Dr Rajesh Vermaचतुर्थक उन तीन बिंदुओं में से एक होता है जो किसी डेटा सेट को चार बराबर भागों में विभाजित करता है। या वो संख्याएँ जो डेटा को चार चतुर्थांशों में विभाजित करती हैं। प्रत्येक चतुर्थांश में आंकड़ों या डेटा की संख्या
समान होती है। चतुर्थक की गणना का आधार माध्य (Median) होता है।
quartile deviation: An introduction
quartile deviation: An introductionDr Rajesh VermaThe document explains quartile deviation, a measure of dispersion defined as half the difference between the first (Q1) and third quartiles (Q3) of a data set. It details characteristics, computation techniques for both ungrouped and grouped data, and highlights the importance of understanding the distinction between quartiles and quarters. Additionally, references to foundational texts and authors in statistics are provided.
विचलनशीलता: एक परिचय
विचलनशीलता: एक परिचय Dr Rajesh Verma दो मनोविज्ञान के प्रोफेसर छात्रों के असाइनमेंट चेक करते हैं और 50 में से जो नंबर देते हैं उनका औसत 38 अंक आता है। इसे देखकर क्या हमें ये मान लेना चाहिए की दोनों शिक्षक एक जैसा करते मूल्यांकन हैं? (ऐसा मानना खतरनाक हो सकता है!)। मान लीजिये: -
(i) एक शिक्षक 34 से 40 के बीच अंक देता है,
(ii) और दूसरा 20 से 48 के बीच।
यदि आप अपने असाइनमेंट को चेक
करवाना चाहते हैं तो आप किस शिक्षक
को चुनेंगे?
variability an introduction
variability an introductionDr Rajesh VermaThe document introduces the concept of variability, explaining its definition as the measure of dispersion of scores around the mean. It discusses the importance of understanding variability in assessments, using examples from education and nature, and outlines various measures of variability such as range, interquartile range, mean deviation, variance, and standard deviation. References are provided for further reading on the topic.
Importance of social science research 17.09.2020
Importance of social science research 17.09.2020Dr Rajesh VermaThe document outlines the significance of qualitative research, highlighting its methodologies, applications, and contrasting it with quantitative research. It emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior through subjective experiences, using methods such as interviews, focus groups, and observations, while also discussing how qualitative data can complement quantitative findings. Key points include the inductive nature of qualitative research and the necessity of contextual analysis to grasp complex human interactions.
केंद्रीय प्रवृत्ति के माप
केंद्रीय प्रवृत्ति के मापDr Rajesh Vermaकेंद्रीय प्रवृत्ति’ शब्द 1920 के दशक के उत्तरार्ध की देन है (wikipedia)। सांख्यिकी, विशेष रूप से सामाजिक अनुसंधान में केंद्रीय प्रवृत्ति एक प्रकार का औसत (Average) होता है। आमतौर पर औसत तीन प्रकार के होते हैं अर्थात मध्यमान, माध्य एवं बहुलक (Mean, Median, Mode)। औसत ऐसी संख्या होती है जो स्कोर या व्यक्तियों के एक समूह के केंद्रीय मूल्य को दर्शाती है (Guilford & Fruchter, 1978)।
measures of central tendencies
measures of central tendenciesDr Rajesh VermaThe document discusses measures of central tendency, which are statistical methods used to identify a central value of a dataset, including mean, median, and mode. It provides definitions, formulas, examples, and the significance of calculating averages to represent data meaningfully. The document also outlines the calculations involved for each measure and the importance of each in social research.
Measures of central tendencies
Measures of central tendenciesDr Rajesh VermaThe document discusses measures of central tendency in statistics, emphasizing the importance of the mean, median, and mode as methods for summarizing data. It provides definitions, calculations for each measure, and examples to illustrate how they can be applied to both ungrouped and grouped data. The document also references key literature in psychology and education to support its content.
Maze learning Apparatus
Maze learning ApparatusDr Rajesh VermaMaze was invented at the Lab of Edmund Sanford in Clark University in 1898-1899. They (Sanford and his students) started ‘rats-in-mazes’ tradition (Goodwin, 2012).
1898-1899 में क्लार्क विश्वविद्यालय में एडमंड सैनफोर्ड की लैब में भूलभुलैया का आविष्कार किया गया था। उन्होंने (सैनफोर्ड और उनके छात्रों ने) भूलभुलैया-में-चूहे नामक परंपरा की (गुडविन, 2012) शुरुआत की
Mirror drawing Apparatus
Mirror drawing ApparatusDr Rajesh Verma1905 में दर्पण चित्रण की तकनीक डब्ल्यू एफ डियरबॉर्न ने प्रयास एवं त्रुटि द्वारा सीखने को दिखाने के लिए विशेष रूप से विकसित की गई थी (कारमाइकल, 2012) ।
In 1905 a technique of mirror drawing was developed by W. F. Dearborn specifically as a demonstration of trial and error learning (Carmichael, 2012).
2_Substance related and addictive disorders.pptx
2_Substance related and addictive disorders.pptxDr Rajesh Verma
व्यावहारिक मनोविज्ञान का अर्थ इतिहास (Meaning and History of Applied Pschology)
व्यावहारिक मनोविज्ञान का अर्थ इतिहास (Meaning and History of Applied Pschology)Dr Rajesh Verma
सामान्यता की अवधारणा (concept of normality)
सामान्यता की अवधारणा (concept of normality)Dr Rajesh Verma
Overview of Quantitative research by Prof Rajbir Singh.
Overview of Quantitative research by Prof Rajbir Singh.Dr Rajesh Verma
Importance of social science research 17.09.2020
Importance of social science research 17.09.2020Dr Rajesh Verma
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मनो-भौतिकी का परिचय (Hindi)
- 1. मनो-भौतिकी का परिचय डॉ िाजेश वमाा अतिस्टेंट प्रोफे िि (मनोतवज्ञान) िाजकीय महातवद्यालय आदमपुि, तहिाि, हरियाणा
- 2. अर्ा मनो-भौतिकी (साइकोतितिक्स) शब्द मनोतिज्ञान और भौतिकी से बना है अर्ााि मनोतिज्ञान + भौतिकी। मनोतिज्ञान = एक व्यति के मनोिैज्ञातनक गुण (तिशेष रूप से संिेदना और प्रत्यक्षण)। भौतिकी = उद्दीपक के भौतिक गुण अर्ााि मनोिैज्ञातनक घटना (phenomenon ) और एक उद्दीपक के भौतिक गुणों के बीच संबंध का अध्ययन।
- 3. परिभाषा मनोतवज्ञान की वो शाखा जो एक मनोवैज्ञातनक घटना औि एक उद्दीपक के भौतिक गुणों के बीच िंबंध का अध्ययन कििी है। उद्दीपकों औि उनिे उत्पन्न होने वाली िंवेदनाओं के बीच िंबंध का अध्ययन किने वाली तवद्याशाखा को मनो-भौतिकी कहा जािा है (NCERT, XI)। "एक व्यति के अनुभव या व्यवहाि पि तकिी उद्दीपक के एक या उििे अतधक भौतिक आयामों पि उिके गुणों में व्यवतस्र्ि रूप िे परिविान के प्रभाव के अध्ययन द्वािा प्रत्यक्षणात्मक प्रतियाओं का तवश्लेषण " (Bruce et. Al 1996 quoted by Wikipedia)।
- 4. पररचय मनो-भौतिकी शब्द गुस्िि तर्योडोर िै कनर द्वारा 1860 में शरीर और मन (Body & mind) के बीच गतणिीय संबंध का िणान करने के तिए रचा गया र्ा। िह एक िमान भौतिक तिज्ञानी और दाशातनक र्े तिन्होंने इस शब्द का इस्िेमाि 'एतिमेंट्स ऑि साइकोतितिक्स' नामक पुस्िक िो िमान भाषा में तिखी गई र्ी में तकया है। िीपत़िग तिश्वतिद्यािय में काम करिे हुए उनके काम से पहिे, अनास्ट हेनररक िैबर ने स्पशा और प्रकाश संिेदना के आधार पर पहचान के तिए न्यूनिम अंिर (Just Noticeable Difference or JND) की अिधारणा को प्रस्िातिि तकया र्ा तिसे आमिौर पर िैबर का तनयम कहा िािा है।
- 5. यह तनयम बिािा है तक पहचान के तिए न्यूनिम अंिर (Just Noticeable Difference or JND) उत्पन्न करने के तिए आिश्यक पररमाण (required amount) मूि उद्दीपक या संदभा िीव्रिा के मूल्य का एक तनरंिर अनुपाि होिा है। आधुतनक मनो-भौतिकी की अिधारणा िैबर और िै कनर के काम पर आधाररि है। मनो-भौतिकी में पांच इंतियों को सतिय करने िािे उद्दीपकों की िीव्रिा तनष्पक्ष (िस्िुतनष्ठ) रूप से मापी एिं तनधााररि की िािी है।
- 6. मनो-भौतिकी में प्रयुि शब्दाििी: - (i) तनरपेक्ष सीमा या तनरपेक्ष देहिी (Absolute threshold or limen, AL) – इसे खोि सीमा (Detection Threshold) के नाम से भी िाना िािा है। यानी मानि संिेदी प्रणािी द्वारा पहचानने या प्रत्यक्षण करने के तिए उद्दीपक की न्यूनिम मात्रा, िीव्रिा, मूल्य या ििन।
- 7. तनरपेक्ष सीमा तितभन्न मनो-शारीररक दशाओं और तस्र्तिगि कारकों के आधार पर व्यतियों और तस्र्तियों में तभन्न-तभन्न होिी है। इसतिए तनरपेक्ष सीमा को मापने के तिए प्रयासों की संख्या आधार बनिी है। िब कु ि प्रयासों में से 50 प्रतिशि बार उद्दीपक को सही-सही पहचाना या प्रत्यक्षण तकया िािा है, िो उद्दीपक की उस तिशेष िीव्रिा या मूल्य को तनरपेक्ष सीमा कहा िािा है।
- 8. (ii) भेद सीमा या भेद देहिी (Differential threshold of limen, DL) – इसे पहचानने योग्य न्यूनिम अंिर (Just Noticeable Difference or JND) or तिभेदन सीमा भी कहा िािा है। दो उद्दीपकों के मूल्यों में िो सबसे छोटा अंिर िो उनके बीच के अंिर का पिा िगाने में मदद करिा है। तनरपेक्ष सीमा की िरह ही भेद सीमा का मापन भी प्रयासों की संख्या से तकया िािा है अर्ााि् एक उद्दीपक के मूल्य में िो न्यूनिम पररििान िो 50 प्रतिशि प्रयासों में उद्दीपक की सही-सही पहचान कराने या प्रत्यक्षण कराने में सक्षम हो।
- 9. मनो-भौतिकी की तितधयां उद्दीपक और प्रत्यक्षण की िीव्रिा के बीच संबंध को मापने के तिए िै कनर ने िीन महत्िपूणा तितधयों का तिकास तकया: - (i) सीमा तितध (Method of Limits) (ii) सिि उद्दीपक तितध (Method of Constant stimuli)
- 10. (iii) समायोिन तितध (Method of Adjustment) इन तितधयों का उपयोग उद्दीपक की िीव्रिा की उस दहिीि को मापने के तिए तकया िािा है िो इसका प्रत्यक्षण करने के तिए आिश्यक होिी हैं तिसे तनरपेक्ष सीमा या तनरपेक्ष देहिी के नाम से िाना िािा है।
- 11. िन्दभा: 1. NCERT, XI Psychology Text book. 2. Bruce. V., Green, P. R. & Georgeson, M. A. (1996). Visual perception (3rd ed.). Psychology Press. 3. https://www.britannica.com/science/Webers-law. 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysics. 5. https://www.britannica.com/science/ psychophysics.
- 13. धन्यवाद तफि तमलेंगे अगली वीतडयो के िार् vermasujit@yahoo.com