Hive: Data Warehousing for Hadoop

Apr 3, 20125 likes1,518 views

Hive provides a mechanism for querying and managing structured data within Hadoop. It allows users familiar with SQL to query large datasets without needing to write MapReduce code. Hive uses HDFS for storage and MapReduce for execution, and supports SQL-like queries, aggregation, joins, and user-defined functions. It is designed to handle large datasets beyond the capabilities of traditional systems.

Hive: Data Warehousing for
Hadoop

Ben Lever
@bmlever

Big Data Analytics Meetup
27 March 2012

Another Data Warehousing System?
? Problem:
�C Lots of data
? Partial solution:
�C Hadoop
? Another problem:
�C MapReduce can be hard
�C Schema information embedded in program �C a lot
of data is still structured

Solution: Hive
? A system for querying and managing
structured data within Hadoop
�C MapReduce for execution
�C HDFS for storage
? Designed for end-users that know more SQL
than Java
? Apache v2
? hive.apache.org

Working example: MovieLens
? Movie ratings
? 3 ��tables��:
Users Movies Ratings
id id user id
age title movie id
gender release date rating (1 �C 5)
occupation action timestamp
zip code adventure
romance
...

www.grouplens.org

So far
? Hive shell
? Creating and loading tables
? Data model:
�C INT, BIGINT, TINYINT, STRING, etc
�C Also: FLOAT, DOUBLE, ARRAY, MAP, STRUCT
? Simple queries with filtering
? Table data is immutable
? Schema on readvsschema on write

Hive components
TABLE customer (
customer_id BIGINT,
Metastore gender STRING,
...

schema info
launch MapReduce
Driver MapReduc
e job

Hive query
HDFS
(SQL-like)
raw source data
(compressed)
SELECT *
FROM customers CLI
WHERE gender = ��M��;

Metastore

Hadoop �C The Definitive Guide

Other SQL-like features

? Aggregation �C COUNT, AVG
? JOIN
? GROUP BY
? SORT BY
? Sub queries

Built in functions
? Text mining:
�C ngrams()
�C context_ngrams()
�C sentences()
? Statistics + mathematics:
�C stddev()
�C histogram_numeric()
�C log
�C radians

User Defined Functions
? Written in Java
? User Defined Functions (UDFs):
�C Single row ? Single row
�C e.g. mathematical and string functions
? User Defined Aggregate Functions (UDAFs):
�C Multiple rows ? Single row
�C e.g. AVG
? User Defined Table Functions (UDTFs):
�C Single row ? Multiple rows
�C e.g. ��explode��

Hive Clients

Hadoop �C The Definitive Guide

Sqoop
Move data between Hadoop
and relational databases

RDBMS Sqoop Hadoop
Hive

Metastore
schema

http://incubator.apache.org/projects/sqoop.html

Conclusion
? Scales to handle much more data than traditional
systems:
�C Leverages Hadoop HDFS and MapReduce
�C Relational/structured data
�C Schema on read vs schema on write
? Supports rapid iteration of ad-hoc queries
�C SQL-like querying language
�C Complex queries (joins, etc) with minimal code
? Is not a database replacement:
�C Treats data as immutable
�C No indexing

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Hive: Data Warehousing for Hadoop

1. Hive: Data Warehousing for Hadoop Ben Lever @bmlever Big Data Analytics Meetup 27 March 2012

2. Another Data Warehousing System? ? Problem: �C Lots of data ? Partial solution: �C Hadoop ? Another problem: �C MapReduce can be hard �C Schema information embedded in program �C a lot of data is still structured

3. Solution: Hive ? A system for querying and managing structured data within Hadoop �C MapReduce for execution �C HDFS for storage ? Designed for end-users that know more SQL than Java ? Apache v2 ? hive.apache.org

4. Working example: MovieLens ? Movie ratings ? 3 ��tables��: Users Movies Ratings id id user id age title movie id gender release date rating (1 �C 5) occupation action timestamp zip code adventure romance ... www.grouplens.org

5. Demo

6. So far ? Hive shell ? Creating and loading tables ? Data model: �C INT, BIGINT, TINYINT, STRING, etc �C Also: FLOAT, DOUBLE, ARRAY, MAP, STRUCT ? Simple queries with filtering ? Table data is immutable ? Schema on readvsschema on write

7. Hive components TABLE customer ( customer_id BIGINT, Metastore gender STRING, ... schema info launch MapReduce Driver MapReduc e job Hive query HDFS (SQL-like) raw source data (compressed) SELECT * FROM customers CLI WHERE gender = ��M��;

8. Metastore Hadoop �C The Definitive Guide

9. Other SQL-like features ? Aggregation �C COUNT, AVG ? JOIN ? GROUP BY ? SORT BY ? Sub queries

10. Demo

11. Built in functions ? Text mining: �C ngrams() �C context_ngrams() �C sentences() ? Statistics + mathematics: �C stddev() �C histogram_numeric() �C log �C radians

12. User Defined Functions ? Written in Java ? User Defined Functions (UDFs): �C Single row ? Single row �C e.g. mathematical and string functions ? User Defined Aggregate Functions (UDAFs): �C Multiple rows ? Single row �C e.g. AVG ? User Defined Table Functions (UDTFs): �C Single row ? Multiple rows �C e.g. ��explode��

13. Hive Clients Hadoop �C The Definitive Guide

14. Hive Server JDBC ODBC

15. Sqoop Move data between Hadoop and relational databases RDBMS Sqoop Hadoop Hive Metastore schema http://incubator.apache.org/projects/sqoop.html

16. Sqoop adapters

17. Conclusion ? Scales to handle much more data than traditional systems: �C Leverages Hadoop HDFS and MapReduce �C Relational/structured data �C Schema on read vs schema on write ? Supports rapid iteration of ad-hoc queries �C SQL-like querying language �C Complex queries (joins, etc) with minimal code ? Is not a database replacement: �C Treats data as immutable �C No indexing

Editor's Notes

#5: # of users = 943# of movies = 1682# of ratings = 100,000
#8: ShellDriverCompilerExecution engineMetastore

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Hive: Data Warehousing for Hadoop

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