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The document provides references for various works about the economic history and development of the Netherlands from 1500-1815. It examines the Dutch Republic's rise as a major economic power during this period due to growth in shipping, trade, industry, and agriculture. The references are cited in relation to discussing the Netherlands' transition to a modern economy and factors that later contributed to economic challenges in the late 18th century.
![Natural resources:natural gas and petroleum ( North Sea drillings), peat, limestone, salt, sand and
gravel.
Major trading partners:EU(Germany being the biggest trading partner, Belgium, Luxembourg, France,
UK), USA.
Member of the European Union :from 1951,one of the founder members. Schengen agreement
participant and eurozone member. In the referendum of 2005,the Dutch rejected the project of the
European constitution
? The economic history of the Netherlands (1500¨C1815) is the history of an economy that de
Vries calls the first "modern" economy[1] It covers The Netherlands as the Habsburg
Netherlands,through the era of the Dutch Republic,theBatavian Republicand the Kingdom of
Holland.
? After becoming de facto independent from the empire of Philip II of Spain around 1585 the
country experienced almost a century of explosive economic growth. A technological
revolution in shipbuilding led to a competitive advantagein shippingthat helped the young
Republic become the dominant trade power by the mid-17th century. In 1670 the Dutch
merchant marine totalled 568,000 tons of shipping¡ªabout half the European total. Pillars of
this position were the dominance of the Amsterdam Entrep?t in European trade, and that of
the Dutch East and West India Companies (VOC and WIC) in intercontinental trade. Beside
trade, an early "industrial revolution" (powered by wind, water and peat), land reclamation
from the sea, and agricultural revolution, helped the Dutch economy achieve the highest
standard of living in Europe (and probably the world) by the middle of the 17th century.
Affluence facilitated a Golden Age in culture typified by the great artist Rembrandt van Rijn
(1606¨C1669).
? However, around 1670 a combination of politico-military upheavals (wars with France and
England) and adverse economic developments (a break in the upward "secular trend" of price
levels) brought the Dutch economic boom to an abrupt end. This caused a retrenchment of
the Dutch economy in the period up to 1713,in which the industrial sector was partly
dismantled, and growth in trade leveled off. The economy struck out in new directions,
includingcolonial plantations in Suriname,whaling,and new types of trade with Asia).
However, these riskier ventures often failed to bring commensurate gains. The VOC embarked
on a period of "profitless growth." The financial strength proved more durable, enabling the
Netherlands play the role of a major power in the European conflicts around the turn of the
18th century, by hiring mercenary armies "off the shelf" and subsidizing its allies.
? These conflicts put an enormous strain on the resources of the Republic, however, and for
that reason the Republic (like its opponent, the France of Louis XIV) was deeply in debt at the
end of the War of the Spanish Succession.Theregents of the Republic more or less abandoned
its Great-Power pretensions after 1713,cutting down on its military preparedness in a vain
attempt to pay down this overhang of public debt. That debt brought a significant rentier class
into being that helped change the nature of the economy from one invested primarily in trade
and industry, into one in which a significant financial sector played a dominant role. By the
end of the 18th century the Republic was the major market for sovereign debt,and a major
source of foreign direct investment.
? Wars with Great Britain and France at the end of the 18th century, and attendant political
upheavals, caused a financial and economic crisis from which the economy was unable to
recover. After the successors of the Republic (the Batavian Republic and the Kingdom of
Holland) were forced to enforce the policies of economic warfare of the French Empire, which
were disastrous for Dutch trade and industry, most of the gains of the previous two centuries
were rapidly lost. The newly independent Kingdom of the Netherlands was faced in 1815 with
an economy that was largely deindustrialized and deurbanized, but still saddled with a
crippling public debt, which it was forced to repudiate (the first time that the Dutch state
defaulted since the dark pre-independence days of the Revolt).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/icccc-141115052956-conversion-gate01/85/Icccc-5-320.jpg)
![? TheNetherlands' biggestcompaniesasof 2011 are as following:
Rank[35]
Name Headquarters
Revenue
(Mil.€)
Profit
(Mil.€)
Employees
(World)
01. Royal Dutch Shell The Hague 378,152 20,127 97,000
02. ING Group Amsterdam 147,052 3,678 106,139
03. Aegon The Hague 65,136 2,330 27,474
04. EADS Leiden 60,597 732 121,691
05. LyondellBasell Industries Rotterdam 41,151 N.A. 14,000
06. Royal Ahold Amsterdam 39,111 1,130 122,027
07. Royal PhilipsElectronics Amsterdam 33,667 1,915 119,001
08. Rabobank Group Utrecht 32,672 3,552 58,714
09. GasTerra Groningen 24,313 48 188
010. HeinekenHolding Amsterdam 21,684 954 65,730
¡ª SHV Holdings Utrecht 21,202 799 50,300
¡ª Akzo Nobel Amsterdam 20,419 999 55,590
Netherlands- Industry
Because of World War II and its consequences (the high rate of population increaseand the severing of
economic ties with Indonesia), drastic structural changes took place in the Dutch economy, and the
further development of industry became important. Industry increased to such an extent that it
produced 32% of GDP in 1990.Since then, however, industrial production has declined, accounting for
only 26% of GDP in 2001.In 1995 there were 43,000 firms of all sizes engaged in mining, quarrying,
manufacturing, and electricity, gas, and water supply. Another 22,400 firms were engaged in transport,
storage, and communications. As of 2002, foreign companies in the country accounted for about 25%
of industrial production and employment in industry.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/icccc-141115052956-conversion-gate01/85/Icccc-6-320.jpg)
![Type Naamloze vennootschap
Traded as Euronext: GTO
Industry Electronics
Founded 2006
Headquarters Amsterdam, Netherlands
Key people Alex Mandl (Chairman), Olivier Piou (CEO)
Products Smart cards and related software and services, card terminals
Revenue €2.246 billion (2012)[1]
Operating income €238.7 million (2012)[1]
Profit €201 million (2012)[1]
Total assets €2.715 billion (end 2012)[1]
Total equity €1.932 billion (end 2012)[1]
Employees > 10,000 (2012)[1]
Website www.gemalto.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/icccc-141115052956-conversion-gate01/85/Icccc-8-320.jpg)
![Type Naamloze vennootschap
Traded as Euronext: ASM, NASDAQ: ASMI
Industry Semiconductorindustry
Founder(s) Arthur del Prado
Headquarters Almere, The Netherlands
Key people Chuck del Prado (CEO), Gert-Jan Kramer (Chairman of the supervisory board)
Products Equipment for semiconductorfabrication, assembly and packaging
Revenue €1.223 billion (2010)[1]
Operating income €328.6 million (2010)[1]
Profit €110.6 million (2010)[1]
Total assets €1.214 billion (end 2010)[1]
Total equity €647.2 million (end 2010)[1]
Employees
Website www.asm.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/icccc-141115052956-conversion-gate01/85/Icccc-9-320.jpg)
![NXP Semiconductors
Type Public
Traded as NASDAQ: NXPI
Industry Electronics
Founded 2006, formerly a division of Philips
Headquarters Eindhoven, Netherlands
Key people Rick Clemmer, President & CEO
Products Semiconductors
Revenue US$ 4.358 Billion (2012)[1]
Net income US$ (115 Million) (2012)[2]
Employees 23,660[3]
Website www.nxp.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/icccc-141115052956-conversion-gate01/85/Icccc-10-320.jpg)
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- 1. References 1. Jump up ^ de Vries, Jan; van der Woude, Ad (1997). The First Modern Economy: Success, Failure, and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500-1815. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521- 57061-1. 2. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, p. 693 3. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, pp. 694-695 4. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, pp. 696¨C697 5. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, pp. 698¨C699 6. Jump up ^ Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 29¨C35 7. Jump up ^ Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 9¨C21 8. Jump up ^ Israel, The Dutch Republic, p. 14 9. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, p. 27 10. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, pp. 37¨C38 11. ^ Jump up to: a b De Vries and Van der Woude, p. 666 12. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, pp. 243-244, 666 13. Jump up ^ Israel, The Dutch Republic, pp. 169¨C241 14. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, p. 667 15. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, pp. 670, 690¨C692 16. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, p. 668 17. Jump up ^ Charles R. Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire 1600-1800 (1965) 18. Jump up ^ JoostJonker (1996). Merchants, bankers, middlemen: the Amsterdam money market during the first half of the 19th century . NEHA. p. 32. 19. Jump up ^ TimWilliam Blanning (2007). The Pursuit of Glory: Europe, 1648-1815.Penguin.p. 96. 20. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, pp. 690¨C693. 21. Jump up ^ De Vries and Van der Woude, p. 671 2.online 3.Currie, A.W.Canadian Economic Development1st ed. 1942; 4th ed. 1963.22 4.Granatstein, J. L.23. A Reader's Guide to Canadian History: Confederation to 5.Taylor, Graham D., and Peter Baskerville.24.A Concise History of Business in 6.Taylor, M. Brook, e.Canadian History: A Reader's Guide.25. Vol. 1. Doug Owram, ed. Canadian History: A Reader's Guide.26. Vol. 2. (1994). historio
- 2. ICIN NETHERLANDS& CANADA DONE BY : HUDA AHMED 18 / 2009 MAKIA ABDULGHANI 171 / 2008 FOR: ALI AL-HAMDI
- 3. ABESTRACT 1. Economy of the Netherlands 2. Netherlands - Industry 3. THE ELECTRONIC & SEMICONDUCTORS COMPANES 4. IC- Industry Canada 5. The most important industry 6. the refernces
- 4. NETHERLAND Economy of the Netherlands The Netherlands is one of the most developed countries of the world. It has many industries and agriculture on a very high level of productivity. Netherlands being the small country is a big player in the world's trade and the global transfer of capital. The biggest world¡¯s companies as Shell and Unilever as well as the banking giants ING Group and ABN AMRO are based in the Netherlands. GDP :US$350 billion GDP per head :US$22,000 Annual growth :2.7% Inflation :3,5% Currency:Euro Industries:electronics, chemical industry, automobile industries (trucks, cars, parts), shipping, agriculture, horticulture, service industries, banking, media.
- 5. Natural resources:natural gas and petroleum ( North Sea drillings), peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel. Major trading partners:EU(Germany being the biggest trading partner, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, UK), USA. Member of the European Union :from 1951,one of the founder members. Schengen agreement participant and eurozone member. In the referendum of 2005,the Dutch rejected the project of the European constitution ? The economic history of the Netherlands (1500¨C1815) is the history of an economy that de Vries calls the first "modern" economy[1] It covers The Netherlands as the Habsburg Netherlands,through the era of the Dutch Republic,theBatavian Republicand the Kingdom of Holland. ? After becoming de facto independent from the empire of Philip II of Spain around 1585 the country experienced almost a century of explosive economic growth. A technological revolution in shipbuilding led to a competitive advantagein shippingthat helped the young Republic become the dominant trade power by the mid-17th century. In 1670 the Dutch merchant marine totalled 568,000 tons of shipping¡ªabout half the European total. Pillars of this position were the dominance of the Amsterdam Entrep?t in European trade, and that of the Dutch East and West India Companies (VOC and WIC) in intercontinental trade. Beside trade, an early "industrial revolution" (powered by wind, water and peat), land reclamation from the sea, and agricultural revolution, helped the Dutch economy achieve the highest standard of living in Europe (and probably the world) by the middle of the 17th century. Affluence facilitated a Golden Age in culture typified by the great artist Rembrandt van Rijn (1606¨C1669). ? However, around 1670 a combination of politico-military upheavals (wars with France and England) and adverse economic developments (a break in the upward "secular trend" of price levels) brought the Dutch economic boom to an abrupt end. This caused a retrenchment of the Dutch economy in the period up to 1713,in which the industrial sector was partly dismantled, and growth in trade leveled off. The economy struck out in new directions, includingcolonial plantations in Suriname,whaling,and new types of trade with Asia). However, these riskier ventures often failed to bring commensurate gains. The VOC embarked on a period of "profitless growth." The financial strength proved more durable, enabling the Netherlands play the role of a major power in the European conflicts around the turn of the 18th century, by hiring mercenary armies "off the shelf" and subsidizing its allies. ? These conflicts put an enormous strain on the resources of the Republic, however, and for that reason the Republic (like its opponent, the France of Louis XIV) was deeply in debt at the end of the War of the Spanish Succession.Theregents of the Republic more or less abandoned its Great-Power pretensions after 1713,cutting down on its military preparedness in a vain attempt to pay down this overhang of public debt. That debt brought a significant rentier class into being that helped change the nature of the economy from one invested primarily in trade and industry, into one in which a significant financial sector played a dominant role. By the end of the 18th century the Republic was the major market for sovereign debt,and a major source of foreign direct investment. ? Wars with Great Britain and France at the end of the 18th century, and attendant political upheavals, caused a financial and economic crisis from which the economy was unable to recover. After the successors of the Republic (the Batavian Republic and the Kingdom of Holland) were forced to enforce the policies of economic warfare of the French Empire, which were disastrous for Dutch trade and industry, most of the gains of the previous two centuries were rapidly lost. The newly independent Kingdom of the Netherlands was faced in 1815 with an economy that was largely deindustrialized and deurbanized, but still saddled with a crippling public debt, which it was forced to repudiate (the first time that the Dutch state defaulted since the dark pre-independence days of the Revolt).
- 6. ? TheNetherlands' biggestcompaniesasof 2011 are as following: Rank[35] Name Headquarters Revenue (Mil.€) Profit (Mil.€) Employees (World) 01. Royal Dutch Shell The Hague 378,152 20,127 97,000 02. ING Group Amsterdam 147,052 3,678 106,139 03. Aegon The Hague 65,136 2,330 27,474 04. EADS Leiden 60,597 732 121,691 05. LyondellBasell Industries Rotterdam 41,151 N.A. 14,000 06. Royal Ahold Amsterdam 39,111 1,130 122,027 07. Royal PhilipsElectronics Amsterdam 33,667 1,915 119,001 08. Rabobank Group Utrecht 32,672 3,552 58,714 09. GasTerra Groningen 24,313 48 188 010. HeinekenHolding Amsterdam 21,684 954 65,730 ¡ª SHV Holdings Utrecht 21,202 799 50,300 ¡ª Akzo Nobel Amsterdam 20,419 999 55,590 Netherlands- Industry Because of World War II and its consequences (the high rate of population increaseand the severing of economic ties with Indonesia), drastic structural changes took place in the Dutch economy, and the further development of industry became important. Industry increased to such an extent that it produced 32% of GDP in 1990.Since then, however, industrial production has declined, accounting for only 26% of GDP in 2001.In 1995 there were 43,000 firms of all sizes engaged in mining, quarrying, manufacturing, and electricity, gas, and water supply. Another 22,400 firms were engaged in transport, storage, and communications. As of 2002, foreign companies in the country accounted for about 25% of industrial production and employment in industry.
- 7. Since World War II, the metallurgical industry in particular has made tremendous progress. The Philips Electrical Co. at Eindhoven has become the greatest electrical products firm in Europe as well as one of the world's major exporters of electric bulbs and appliances. In 1996,Philips employed 273,000 people and had revenues of $41 billion. Unilever, the British-Dutch consumer products company, has grown to become one of the world's largest corporations, with 306,000 employees and 1996 sales of $52 billion. More phenomenal has been the success of Royal Dutch/Shell Group, which began as a small concern in 1890 and was combined with the Shell Co. to form the world's number one income producerwith 1996 revenues of $128 billion and net income of $8.9 billion. Royal Dutch/Shell owns and operates one of the world's largest oil refineries at Cura?ao, near Venezuela, and Rotterdam's suburb of Pernis has the largest oil refinery in Europe. The Netherlands had six oil refineries in 2002, with a capacity of 1,206,000 barrels per day. Among leading exports is pig iron, produced from imported ore at the Velzen-Ijmuiden plant, situated where the canal from Amsterdam reaches the North Sea. The chemical industry has grown increasingly important, but the once prosperous textile industry in Enschede has declined because of foreign competition and lack of modern management. Industrial products include crude steel, pig iron, and pharmaceutical products. The Netherlands also produces cigarettes, beer, canned fish,cocoaand cocoaproducts, sugar, candies, biscuits, and potato flour. The Netherlands produced 239,325 automobiles in 2001, a 10% decrease over 2000.In 2000,it produced 50,602 heavy trucks, a 17% increase over 1999
- 8. Type Naamloze vennootschap Traded as Euronext: GTO Industry Electronics Founded 2006 Headquarters Amsterdam, Netherlands Key people Alex Mandl (Chairman), Olivier Piou (CEO) Products Smart cards and related software and services, card terminals Revenue €2.246 billion (2012)[1] Operating income €238.7 million (2012)[1] Profit €201 million (2012)[1] Total assets €2.715 billion (end 2012)[1] Total equity €1.932 billion (end 2012)[1] Employees > 10,000 (2012)[1] Website www.gemalto.com
- 9. Type Naamloze vennootschap Traded as Euronext: ASM, NASDAQ: ASMI Industry Semiconductorindustry Founder(s) Arthur del Prado Headquarters Almere, The Netherlands Key people Chuck del Prado (CEO), Gert-Jan Kramer (Chairman of the supervisory board) Products Equipment for semiconductorfabrication, assembly and packaging Revenue €1.223 billion (2010)[1] Operating income €328.6 million (2010)[1] Profit €110.6 million (2010)[1] Total assets €1.214 billion (end 2010)[1] Total equity €647.2 million (end 2010)[1] Employees Website www.asm.com
- 10. NXP Semiconductors Type Public Traded as NASDAQ: NXPI Industry Electronics Founded 2006, formerly a division of Philips Headquarters Eindhoven, Netherlands Key people Rick Clemmer, President & CEO Products Semiconductors Revenue US$ 4.358 Billion (2012)[1] Net income US$ (115 Million) (2012)[2] Employees 23,660[3] Website www.nxp.com
- 11. CANADA IC - Industry Canada Telecommunications equipment is required to meet minimum technical requirements in accordance with the provisions of the legal requirements and departmental standards. Testing and certification according to regulatory requirements set by the appropriate government agency, IC (Industry Canada) is a necessary condition for market launch. The most important industry ICES-001 Issue 4 Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Radio Frequency Generators ICES-002 Issue 6 ¡ª Vehicles, Boats and Other Devices Propelled by an Internal Combustion Engine, Electrical Means or Both ICES-003 Issue 5 ¡ª Information Technology Equipment (ITE) ¨C Limits and methods of measurement ICES-005 Issue 3 ¡ª Radio Frequency Lighting Devices (RFLDs)