ICN Lung Ultrasound Case 6
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The lung ultrasound found bright, confluent B lines and sub-pleural abnormalities in the right lung, which can indicate a more chronic condition. No significant effusion was seen. The left lung was normal with no abnormalities detected.
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* Also called the **voice box**responsible for **phonation**, **airway protection**, and **breathing regulation**.
**Cartilages of the Larynx**
**Unpaired Cartilages:**
1. **Thyroid cartilage**:
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2. **Cricoid cartilage**:
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3. **Epiglottis**:
* Leaf-shaped elastic cartilage.
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**Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx**
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| Muscle | Action | Nerve Supply |
| **Cricothyroid** | Tenses vocal cords | External laryngeal nerve |
| **Thyroarytenoid** | Relaxes vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Posterior cricoarytenoid** | Abducts vocal cords (opens glottis) | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Lateral cricoarytenoid** | Adducts vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
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* Cricothyroid: **External branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* **Sensory**:
* Above vocal cords: **Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* Below vocal cords: **Recurrent laryngeal nerve**.
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* **Inferior laryngeal artery** (branch of inferior thyroid artery).
**Laryngeal Cavity & Folds**
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1. **Vestibule** from inlet to vestibular folds (false cords).
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Classification of Peptic Ulcers
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Based on Etiology
H. pyloriAssociated Ulcers
NSAID-Induced Ulcers
Stress-Related Mucosal Disease (SRMD)
ZollingerEllison Syndrome (gastrinoma-related)
Cushings Ulcer (due to intracranial injury)
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Class Examples Mechanism
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H2-Receptor Antagonists Ranitidine, Famotidine Block histamine-mediated gastric acid secretion
2. Mucosal Protective Agents
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Bismuth Compounds Bismuth subsalicylate Antimicrobial, mucosal protective, and anti-inflammatory
3. Eradication Therapy (for H. pylori)
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Duration: 714 days depending on local guidelines
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4. Cytoprotective/Adjunctive Agents
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Non-Pharmacologic Measures
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Small, frequent meals in symptomatic patients
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Endoscopic therapy in case of bleeding or perforation
Surgical Indications (rarely needed)
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Larynx is a cartilaginous structure located in the **anterior neck** at the level of **C3C6 vertebrae**.
* Also called the **voice box**responsible for **phonation**, **airway protection**, and **breathing regulation**.
**Cartilages of the Larynx**
**Unpaired Cartilages:**
1. **Thyroid cartilage**:
* Largest cartilage; forms the **Adams apple (laryngeal prominence)**.
* Composed of two laminae that fuse anteriorly.
2. **Cricoid cartilage**:
* Ring-shaped; **only complete ring** around the airway.
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3. **Epiglottis**:
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* Covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing.
**Paired Cartilages:**
1. **Arytenoid**:
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* Attach vocal cords and muscles.
2. **Corniculate**:
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3. **Cuneiform**:
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**Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx**
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| Muscle | Action | Nerve Supply |
| **Cricothyroid** | Tenses vocal cords | External laryngeal nerve |
| **Thyroarytenoid** | Relaxes vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
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* Above vocal cords: **Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* Below vocal cords: **Recurrent laryngeal nerve**.
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Classification of Peptic Ulcers
Based on Location
Gastric Ulcers Occur in the stomach lining.
Duodenal Ulcers Occur in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
Based on Etiology
H. pyloriAssociated Ulcers
NSAID-Induced Ulcers
Stress-Related Mucosal Disease (SRMD)
ZollingerEllison Syndrome (gastrinoma-related)
Cushings Ulcer (due to intracranial injury)
Curlings Ulcer (seen in burn patients)
Pharmacological Management
1. Acid Suppression Therapy
Class Examples Mechanism
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Omeprazole, Pantoprazole Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase pump
H2-Receptor Antagonists Ranitidine, Famotidine Block histamine-mediated gastric acid secretion
2. Mucosal Protective Agents
Class Examples Mechanism
Prostaglandin Analogues Misoprostol Increases mucus & bicarbonate; decreases acid; protects mucosa
Mucosal Coating Agents Sucralfate Forms protective barrier over ulcer site
Bismuth Compounds Bismuth subsalicylate Antimicrobial, mucosal protective, and anti-inflammatory
3. Eradication Therapy (for H. pylori)
Combination of:
PPI + Two Antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin + clarithromycin OR metronidazole + tetracycline)
Duration: 714 days depending on local guidelines
See BNF regimens above for detailed protocols
4. Cytoprotective/Adjunctive Agents
Class Examples Role in PUD
Somatostatin Analogues Octreotide Used in bleeding ulcers; reduces splanchnic blood flow and gastric secretions
Antacids Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminium hydroxide Neutralize gastric acid; provide symptomatic relief
Non-Pharmacologic Measures
Avoid NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol, and spicy foods
Small, frequent meals in symptomatic patients
Stress reduction
Endoscopic therapy in case of bleeding or perforation
Surgical Indications (rarely needed)
Perforated ulcer
Gastric outlet obstruction
Refractory ulcers not responding to medical therapy
Severe bleeding unresponsive to endoscopic management
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Co-Chairs, Prof. Dr. Patrick Sch旦ffski, MPH, and Breelyn A. Wilky, MD, discuss desmoid tumors in this CME activity titled Patient-Centric Frameworks in Desmoid Tumors: Integrating Emerging Science on Gamma Secretase Inhibitors for Progressive Disease. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/4iDPUQY. CME credit will be available until June 29, 2026.HEALTH CARE PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH CARE
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This PowerPoint presentation covers Unit II: Health Care Planning and Organization of Health Care at Various Levels in a simple and easy-to-understand format. It explains importance of health planning in India. The PPT also includes the structure of the health care system at central, state, and local levels. It is useful for GNM ,BSc And Msc Nursing students. This presentation is also helpful for exam preparation .Irradiation to prevent TA-GvHD by Dr. Abrar Kabir Shishir.pptx
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This presentation discusses the role of irradiation in preventing transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GvHD). Covers pathophysiology, risk factors, investigation, prevention strategies, and irradiation procedures. Includes visuals and real-life context from Dhaka Medical College.Aspirin powder or Acetyl salicylic acid powder.docx
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pharmacy exercise on aspirin powderYoga Postures to Practice for Holistic (Physical, Mental, and Cognitive) Well...
Yoga Postures to Practice for Holistic (Physical, Mental, and Cognitive) Well...Bhoj Raj Singh
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An ancient System for holistic health (mental and physical) and wellbeing, is a scientific art of living with harmony (connecting) of mind and body. Although much more ancient than Patanjali, who documented yoga systematically about 2000 years ago, Patanjali is often referred to as the "father of modern yoga."
Yoga postures are commonly depicted in ancient paintings, carvings, and sculptures in almost all civilizations and religions, thus Yoga cant be described as an act of Hinduism. It originated long before any religion on Earth, with the emergence of life on the Planet. All yoga poses are natural, and what is not natural is not yoga; it is油Viyoga.
Besides Vedic Yoga, Hatha, Vinyasa, Ashtanga, Iyengar, Yin, Restorative, Kundalini, Bikram, Sahaj, and Power yoga are some popular types.
Vinyasa油Yoga is the closest form to Vedic Yoga; it is known for its flowing movements, not very rigorous, not too much straining, actions flow with the breath.
Though all yoga may lead to meditation (Dhyan) for your inner upliftment, it is not the same as described in Hinduism for self-liberation.
In Hinduism, different paths of life looking distinct but can be practiced all together, they are: Karma Yoga (selfless action and service), Bhakti Yoga (devotion and love for God or Godly power), Jnana (Gyan) Yoga (gaining knowledge for self-realization through wisdom), Dhyan Yoga (meditation) and Kriya Yoga (optimum utilization of your vital and muscular energy).油
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An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahm...
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Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...
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From Wheals to Wellness: Transforming Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Care With...
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Winning GAMBITS Against AML: Guidance on Advances & Medical Breakthroughs wit...
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RCC Treatment Innovations in Practice: Preparing for Individualized Patient Care
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Patient-Centric Frameworks in Desmoid Tumors: Integrating Emerging Science on...
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ICN Lung Ultrasound Case 6
- 1. R1
- 2. R2
- 3. R3 Bright, confluent B line and sub-pleural abnormality - Potentially suggestive of more chronic process.
- 4. R4 No significant effusion
- 5. L1
- 6. L2
- 7. L3
- 8. L4