![4
IV. CONCLUSION
In built 3.3 mm jack of sound card is very common system in
PC or Laptop. As the performance to cost ratios for PCs
continues to grow, there will be a great need for PC based
acquisition/analysis systems. These systems can be an
inexpensive Replacement for the costly stand-alone, signal
specific, systems currently in use. Here we have shown cost
effective method for data acquisition system which is very
easy to implement as well as with LabVIEW software it
provides high end signal analysis features. The experience
necessary to program this type of system. Here, we have
shown very basic case study using cost effective microphone
we may use high definition microphone or AED( Acoustic
envelop detector) and make this system very sensitive. In
future scale up this concept will provide better correlation
between intensity of sound with breaking strength. These
developments show cost effective method of sound data
acquisition system. As the speed and reliability of the PC
increases, there will be more and more of such systems
available.
FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK
At present this system was designed only for acoustic
detection using virtual instrument LabVIEW software. This
system can be extended for establishment of correlation
between crispness of food products like biscuits, wafers with
force applied. In such system we can place sample object
between forces applied and Load cell. Load cell output is
connected with microcontroller, Max232 which gives output
serially to computer and then LabVIEW will be used to
acquire force data real time. Microphone system will also
attach in the system which measure real time sound data in
LabVIEW. Hence, such system will provide simultaneously
two data: 1. Sound Data 2. Force data, which gives
mathematical correlation between breaking force and sound.
V. REFERENCES
[1] Bao Mi, Thomas E. Michaels and Jennifer E. Michaels,
In-situ ultrasonic monitoring of crack growth under
static and dynamic loading conditions, Society of
Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Vol. 5767.
[2] F.A. Ravenscroft, K. Newton and C.B. Scruby,
Diffraction of ultrasound by cracks: comparison of
experiment with theory, Ultrasonics, 1991.
[3] P.A. Doyle, Depth measurement for cracks in corners
using ultrasonic Rayleigh waves, Journal of
Nondestructive Evaluation, 1986.
[4] N Rajic, S.C. Galea, and W.K. Chiu, Autonomous
detection of crack initiation using surface-mounted
piezotranducers, Smart Materials and Structures, 2002.
[5] P. Fromme, M.B. Sayir, Detection of cracks at rivet
holes using guided waves, Ultrasonics, 2002.
[6] J.D. Achenbach, Modeling for quantitative non-
destructive evaluation, Ultrasonic, 2002.
[7] Z. Chang, A. Mal, Scattering of Lamb waves from a
rivet hole with edge cracks, Mechanics of Materials,
1999.
[8] Jianshechen, Cathrinekarlsson and Malcolm povey
acoustic envelope detector for crispness assessment of
biscuits journal of Texture studies April-2005](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ieeepaperpid29667311-220901054334-9ce41a8f/85/IEEE_Paper_PID2966731-1-pdf-4-320.jpg)
IEEE_Paper_PID2966731 (1).pdf
- 1. Abstract - In this paper we are describin for sound detection and analysis programming language - LabVIEW. Th cost effective and easy to scale up for correlation with crispiness of food pro strength of solid objects with acoustic p the material is subjected to the force it sound before it breaks, so by the sound find the ultimate stress of the material point is the point at which the material or a stress strain relationship becomes kind of study will benefit to find out various brittle materials when subjec stress. Keywords breaking strength analy sound detection, stress strain relation, I. INTRODUCTION There are many methods already introduc analysis of a material. But the breakdown use of microphone sensor is better method t stress point of the material. The sound signa microphone and with the use of the L generate the waveform of the sound on the Acquire sound module is available on th module takes the sound signal from the m and its output is the graph indicator. Wi amplitude and level measurement module can find the positive peak of the sound sign has a specific value of ultimate stress point the positive peak is higher than the pre ultimate stress point(converted into the e peak value) led will glow on the LabV indicate the ultimate stress point of the mate LabVIEW represents a resourceful tool for of sound analysis software including sound and sound statistics. Particularly, the inc flexible numerical processing of different ac can be considered. The graphical user progr allows programming without special expe uses terminology, icons and theories familia engineers. Microphone sensor overview : A micropho to electric transducer or sensor that con electric signal. Microphone sensors input output is the voltage. Sound recording and r microphone is an electrical or mechanical i S Low cost Mic Detection and A ng useful concept using graphical his system is very establishment of oducts, breaking parameter. When t will generate a d analysis we can l. Ultimate stress is going to break nonlinear. Such behavior of the cted to ultimate ysis, LabVIEW, N ed for breakdown analysis with the to find the ultimate al is acquire by the LabVIEW we can LabVIEW screen. he LabVIEW, this microphone sensor ith the use of the on LabVIEW we nal. Every material t so if the value of edefined value of quivalent positive VIEW screen and erial. r the development d signal processing reasing need for coustic parameters ramming language erience because it ar to scientists and one is an acoustic nverts sound into is sound and the reproduction using inscription and re- creation of sound waves, such a effects. The two main types of so are analog reading and digital re recording is achieved by a small m can detect changes in atmospheric as a graphic representation of the s such as LabVIEW screen. In waveform graph tool is available to microphone. II. EXPERIMENT This system is divided into followin 1) Sound detection using micropho 2) sound graph display on LabVIEW 3) sound graph analysis in LabVIEW Figure: 1 Functional block diagra For the experiment it is very nec no surrounding noise during the ex level noise zone is established, this acquisition of experimental signal studied is being put in this zone sensor is very necessary for rep should be located in such a way additional sound due to mounti material is subjected to ultimate sound, which will be detected by m sound module in the LabVIEW is data from microphone sensor. Afte tools of LabVIEW analysis of that s S V. Gandhi, M T. Thakker and C S. Dalal crophone Sensor based S Analysis System using La 1 as spoken voice or sound ound recording technology ecording. Acoustic analog microphone diaphragm that pressure and record them sound signal on a medium the LabVIEW software o record the output data of TAL SETUP ng three parts: ne W screen W am of experimental set up cessary that there should be xperiment. First of all zero s should be subtracted after l. Then the material to be . Location of microphone producibility of results. It y that there should be no ing arrangement. When stress it will generate a microphone sensor. Acquire being used to acquire the r which, by using different sound is possible. Sound abVIEW
- 2. 2 Following system tools of LabVIEW are being utilized in the present study: 1) Acquire Sound Module: In acquire sound module, the data is being acquired from a microphone sensor. This Express VI automatically configures an input task, acquires data and clears the task after every acquisition completes. It also specifies the sample rate in hertz, Sets the number of seconds for which user wants to acquire sound for analysis, Lists the sound devices you have connected, Specifies the number of channels. 1 is Mono, and 2 is Stereo, Describes error conditions of system that occur before this node runs. 2) Amplitude and Level Measurements Module By using Amplitude and Level Measurements Module, measurement of the positive peak in signals as well as negative peak in signals can be effectively calculated. Measures the mean level of one complete period of a periodic input signal, Calculates the root mean square value of one complete period of a periodic input signal, Peak to peak Measures the most positive peak to the most negative peak in Signals. 3) Statistics analysis Module Statistics Module of LabVIEW is used for sound analysis. After acquired the sound data, it will provide the information of arithmetic mean (mean or average of values of the signals). It also gives information of minimum and maximum point from the set of values of the signals. Returns the value of the sum of all the values in Signals, Returns the skewness of the values in Signals. Skewness is a measure of symmetry and corresponds to the third-order moment about the mean III. RESULTS Case Study-1 Here, we have taken case study of black board Gypsum based chalk. There are two types of chalks available in market one is dust less which is having higher breaking strength and other is normal Gypsum based chalk which is easy to break. We had fixed chalk at base surface then applied vertical force, at breaking level it is generating sound pattern as shown in Fig. 2. From that we are detecting peak value as shown in Fig. 3. We had carried out experiment three times and results are shown in table 1. For repeatability of experiment it is very necessary that force applied at same point at every experiment. When the Chalk (Test Material) is subjected to ultimate stress, it will generate a sound, which will be captured by the microphone sensor. Acquire sound module of the LabVIEW software collects the sound data and transfers in to waveform graphs and waveform charts. Following figures provides overall information about the system setup on LabVIEW software: Figure: 2 Waveform Chart at the time of breaking Waveform Chart is used to display data typically acquired at constant rate, when the material is subjected to ultimate stress. This will generate a sound, using the micro phone sensor we can detect a sound and wave form chart will take readings & generate the data simultaneously. Figure: 3 Positive Peak at Ultimate Stress Level Positive Peak returns a measurement of the most positive peak in the signals. It will use to measure the maximum peak of the sound generated by material when it is subjected to ultimate stress conditions. Every material has a specific value of a positive peak. The maximum range of positive peak is 1. So, if the material crosses the predefined limit; it will generate the ultimate stress point. Table: 1 Positive Peak voltage values at the time of breaking. Material Sr. No. Reading (Value of a Positive Peak) Chalk 1 0.01870 2 0.01896 3 0.02001 Average 0.01922 Table-1 Observation Table Similar studies can also be carried out for different materials. Figure: 4 Real time sound acquisition
- 3. Sound Graph displays one or more plots o measurements. The waveform graph plots o functions, as in y= f(x), with points evenly the x-axis, such as acquired time varying sound graph displays plots containing any Above figure displays sound graph of a m subjected to ultimate stress. Case Study-2 Breaking sound analysis in noisy environ task. The data is being acquired from a mic noisy environment. Noise consisting of s shaped pulses and lasting for a Microse hundred milliseconds. The cumulative eff noise generated can affect the system presence of noise the breaking sound anal fig. 5 sound graph represents breaking a material in Zero noise level zone, and becomes very easy. And this graph shows of material when subjected to ultimate stres Figure: 5 Sound Graph in Zero Noise Noise signal consider as a random signal. show the graph of acoustic signal in environment types 1 and types 2. Breaking noisy environment. Noise consisting of s shaped pulses and its captures by microphon Figure: 6 Sound Graph captured Noise Environment of Type In this graph it is difficult to differentiate generated by material when subjected to fo of noise. So by Appling proper filtration t of unwanted noise is possible and breakin becomes easy. of evenly sampled only single-valued y distributed along g waveforms. The number of points. material when it is nment is difficult crophone sensor in sudden irregularly econds to several fect of all random m performance.in lysis is difficult.in analysis of brittle d sound analysis the positive peak s. Level Zone Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 n different noise g sound analysis in sudden irregularly ne. d with -1 the positive peak orce and the effect technique removal ng sound analysis Figure: 7 Sound Graph captured w type -2 Figure: 8 LabVIEW Block Di 3 with noise Environment of iagram of the System
- 4. 4 IV. CONCLUSION In built 3.3 mm jack of sound card is very common system in PC or Laptop. As the performance to cost ratios for PCs continues to grow, there will be a great need for PC based acquisition/analysis systems. These systems can be an inexpensive Replacement for the costly stand-alone, signal specific, systems currently in use. Here we have shown cost effective method for data acquisition system which is very easy to implement as well as with LabVIEW software it provides high end signal analysis features. The experience necessary to program this type of system. Here, we have shown very basic case study using cost effective microphone we may use high definition microphone or AED( Acoustic envelop detector) and make this system very sensitive. In future scale up this concept will provide better correlation between intensity of sound with breaking strength. These developments show cost effective method of sound data acquisition system. As the speed and reliability of the PC increases, there will be more and more of such systems available. FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK At present this system was designed only for acoustic detection using virtual instrument LabVIEW software. This system can be extended for establishment of correlation between crispness of food products like biscuits, wafers with force applied. In such system we can place sample object between forces applied and Load cell. Load cell output is connected with microcontroller, Max232 which gives output serially to computer and then LabVIEW will be used to acquire force data real time. Microphone system will also attach in the system which measure real time sound data in LabVIEW. Hence, such system will provide simultaneously two data: 1. Sound Data 2. Force data, which gives mathematical correlation between breaking force and sound. V. REFERENCES [1] Bao Mi, Thomas E. Michaels and Jennifer E. Michaels, In-situ ultrasonic monitoring of crack growth under static and dynamic loading conditions, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Vol. 5767. [2] F.A. Ravenscroft, K. Newton and C.B. Scruby, Diffraction of ultrasound by cracks: comparison of experiment with theory, Ultrasonics, 1991. [3] P.A. Doyle, Depth measurement for cracks in corners using ultrasonic Rayleigh waves, Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 1986. [4] N Rajic, S.C. Galea, and W.K. Chiu, Autonomous detection of crack initiation using surface-mounted piezotranducers, Smart Materials and Structures, 2002. [5] P. Fromme, M.B. Sayir, Detection of cracks at rivet holes using guided waves, Ultrasonics, 2002. [6] J.D. Achenbach, Modeling for quantitative non- destructive evaluation, Ultrasonic, 2002. [7] Z. Chang, A. Mal, Scattering of Lamb waves from a rivet hole with edge cracks, Mechanics of Materials, 1999. [8] Jianshechen, Cathrinekarlsson and Malcolm povey acoustic envelope detector for crispness assessment of biscuits journal of Texture studies April-2005