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Indian Subcontinent Climate & Rainfall.pptx
- 1. INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: CLIMATE & RAINFALL WELCOME
- 2. CLIMATE ï‚¢ Indian Subcontinent has varied climatic conditions. ï‚¢ Very hot and very cold regions as well as regions with very heavy rainfall and very scanty rainfall. A large part of Indian Subcontinent has tropical monsoon climate. ï‚¢ The climate has been influenced by its position, size and relief features. ï‚¢ Monsoon winds are the main factors that determine the climate of this region. They also influence a large part of India. The Climate of India may be divided into four seasons- 1) Winter - From December to February 2) Summer - From March to May 3) South-West monsoons or rainy season - June to September 4) Retreating monsoons - October and November
- 3. • The summer monsoon brings in moisture from the Indian Ocean and produces a tremendous amount of rain. The moisture from winter monsoons are largely blocked by the Himalayas.
- 4. FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN SUBCONTINENT CLIMATE RELATED TO LOCATION & RELIEF RELATED TO AIR PRESSURE & WIND •Latitude •The Himalayan Mt. •Distribution of Land & water •Distance from Sea •Altitude •Relief Surface pressure & wind Upper air circulation Western cyclones
- 5. EQUATORIAL REGION LATITUDE High Temp Low range High range of Temp FACTORS •Latitude •The Himalayan Mt. •Distribution of Land & water •Distance from Sea •Altitude •Relief
- 6. AGRA 160C in Jan DARJILING 40C in January ALTITUDE HIGH ALTITUDE LOW ALTITUDE Temperature decreased from low to high altitude FACTORS •Latitude •The Himalayan Mt. •Distribution of Land & water •Distance from Sea •Altitude •Relief
- 7. Receives high rainfall Receives low rainfall RELIEF FACTORS •Latitude •The Himalayan Mt. •Distribution of Land & water •Distance from Sea •Altitude •Relief
- 8.  DISTANCE FROM SEA MUMBAI CHENNAI KOLKOTA DELHI SIMLA Coastal areas have equable climate where as Interior parts have extreme climate. FACTORS •Latitude •The Himalayan Mt. •Distribution of Land & water •Distance from Sea •Altitude •Relief
- 9. THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER FACTORS •Latitude •The Himalayan Mt. •Distribution of Land & water •Distance from Sea •Altitude •Relief
- 10. ARABIAN SEA BAY OF BENGAL INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER HIGH PRESSURE IN WINTER FACTORS •Latitude •The Himalayan Mt. •Distribution of Land & water •Distance from Sea •Altitude •Relief
- 11. NORTH-EAST TRADE WIND SOUTH-EAST TRADE WIND INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE POLAR HIGH POLAR HIGH SURFACE WIND
- 12. 550C temperature in June Tawang 190C in June Drass -450C in December night Tiruvanantapuram & Chennai 200C in December night Kerala Diurnal range of temperature 80C Thar desert Diurnal range of temperature 300C Cherrapunji & Mawsynram have 1080cm rain MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA Jaisalmer receives 9cm rainfall
- 13. COLD WEATHER SEASON â–º It extends from December to February. â–º Vertical sun rays shift towards southern hemisphere. â–º North India experiences intense cold where as this season is not well defined in south India. â–º Light wind blow makes this season pleasant in south India. â–º Occasional tropical cyclone visit eastern coast in this season. Tropical Cyclone
- 14. WINTER RAINFALL RAINFALL DUE TO WESTERN DISTURBANCES RAINFALL DUE TO NORTH EAST WIND
- 15. HOT WEATHER SEASON â–º It extends from March to May. â–º Vertical sun rays shift towards Northern hemisphere. â–º Temperature rises gradually from south to north. â–º Highest Temperature experiences in Karnataka in March, Madhya Pradesh in April and Rajastan in May. March 300C April 380C May 480C
- 16. MORE DIVERSITIES………………….. Churu (Rajasthan) records a 50°C or more on a June day. It is 19°C in Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh) on the same day. Most parts of India receives rainfall during June to September. Tamilnadu coast remains dry during these months. Tura of Meghalaya receives rainfall in a single day is equal to the total rainfall of Ten years in Jaisalmer of Rajasthan. Very low rainfall in North west Himalayas and western Rajasthan which is equal to 10cm per year. Snow fall over the Himalayas. Only rainfall over rest of India. MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA
- 17. LOO KALBAISAKHI BARDOLI CHHEERHA MANGO SHOWER BLOSSOM SHOWER STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON
- 18. SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON â–º It extends from June to September. â–º Intense heating in north west India creates low pressure region. â–º Low pressure attract the wind from the surrounding region. â–º After having rains for a few days sometime monsoon fails to occur for one or more weeks is known as break in the monsoon. HIGH TEMPERATURE LOW PRESSURE
- 19. INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE EQUATOR MONSOON WIND Arabian sea Branch Bay of Bengal Branch
- 20. ONSET OF SW MONSOON
- 21. ► It extends from October to November ► Vertical sun rays start shifting towards Northern hemisphere. ► Low pressure region shift from northern parts of India towards south. ► Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’ RETREATING MONSOON SEASON LOW PRESSURE
- 23. DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL > 200cm 100-200cm 50-100 cm < 50cm
- 24. â–º The variability of rainfall is computed with the help of the following formula: C.V.= Standard Deviation/ Mean * 100 â–º Variability of less than 25% exist in Western coasts, Western Ghats, northeastern peninsula, eastern plain of the Ganga, northern India, Uttaranchal, SW J & K & HP. â–º Variability of more then 50% found in Western Rajastan, J & K and interior parts of Deccan. â–º Region with high rainfall has less variability. VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL
- 25. â–ºTemperature increased by 0.60C in 20th century. â–ºEleven out of twelve hottest years are within 1995 to 2006. â–ºAnnual rate of increase of CO2 is 1.9ppm after 1995. â–ºConcentration of methane increased from 700ppb in 1750 to 1745ppb at present and Nitrous Oxide from 270ppb to 314ppb where as CFC increased from zero to 533ppb. â–ºRising of temperature to 30C will lead to melting of all ice on earth surface and sea level rise upto 15 feet. â–ºExistence of large cities like Venis, Bankok, Sanghai, Kolkota and Dhaka will be in danger. SOME INTERESTING FACTS
- 26. CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA â–º India has long coast line and rise of sea level will submerge large area. â–º A population of 7.1 million living in coastal areas will be affected. â–º Production of crops like wheat, rice etc will decrease. â–º The natural disasters like cyclone, floods and drought will increase in frequency as well as intensity. MUMBAI CHENNAI KOLKOTA
- 27. WHAT CAN BE DONE??? â–ºSwitch off the light, fan, TV and other energy using gadgets when they are not in use. â–ºDo not use those equipments that pollute or consume more energy. â–ºcreate public awareness. â–ºuse renewable energy resources like solar, wind, biomass etc. â–ºInternational conferences like Earth Summit, 1992, Kyoto protocol, Copenhegen summit, 2009 are some steps to bring consensus for crusade against Climate Change.
- 28. THANK YOU