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- 1. ASL BY: INGRY YICED TRIVIO BELTRAN FOR: MR. ALEXANDER 1103 1103
- 2. Is the dominant sign language of the Although the United Kingdom and the United States share English as a spoken and written language, British Sign Language (BSL) is quite different from ASL, and the two sign languages are not mutually intelligible. WHAT IS THE ASL?
- 3. SL / ASL
- 4. HISTORY OF ASL In the United States , as elsewhere in the world, hearing families with deaf children often employ ad-hoc home sign , an idiosyncratic set of hand gestures, for simple communications. Today though, ASL classes are offered in many secondary and postsecondary schools. ASL is a language distinct from spoken English; while it borrows many elements of English and direct translations of English idioms , it nonetheless possesses its own syntax and grammar and supports its own culture. The origin of modern ASL is ultimately tied to the confluence of many events and circumstances. These include historical attempts at deaf education; the unique situation present on a small island in Massachusetts , Martha's Vineyard where a large percentage of the population was deaf; the attempts of a father named Dr. Mason Cogswell to enlist a local minister, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet , to help educate his deaf daughter, Alice Cogswell ; and the ingenuity and genius of people for language it self. ASL has been historically discouraged in schools for the deaf in many parts of the country. During periods of repression in residential schools, deaf children of deaf adults were the primary agents of spreading the language to other deaf children.
- 5. CITY PRIOR SIGN LANGUAGES FRANCE The French had a natural sign language, which is often referred to as Old French Sign Language . OFSL was the language of a large community of Deaf people living in Paris. This language was passed down from deaf person to deaf person, and may be the oldest sign language of Europe. The Abb辿 Charles-Michel de l'p辿e was the first to acknowledge that signed language could be used to educate the deaf UNITED ESTATES Little is known of sign languages in the United States before 1817. It is said that since there was little contact between communities in early America, home sign language was likely used most widely. However, a deaf community on Marthas Vineyard in the late 17th century used a natural sign language . From 1690 to the mid-twentieth century there was a high rate of genetic deafness on Marthas Vineyard caused by the founder effect . It afforded almost everyone frequent contact with sign language PLAINS INDIANS In 1541, 1688, 1740, 1805, and 1828 were reports that the Plains Indians developed a sign language to communicate between tribes of different languages. This sign language is believed to have developed in the lower Rio Grande prior to the Europeans settling and to have spread northward and become what is known as Plains Indian Sign Language (PISL). There is no evidence to show that it influenced the development of American Sign Language. By 1885, PISL had an estimated 110,000 users of various tribal dialects, but today it has only a small fraction of that number. It was not a language for deaf people but a communication between tribes and, in some cases, a ritual language.
- 6. After being strongly established in the United States there was a bitter fight between those who supported oralism over manualism in the late 1800s. Many notable individuals of high standing contributed to this debate, such as Alexander Graham Bell . The oralists won many battles and for a long time the use of sign was suppressed, socially and pedagogically. Many considered sign to not even be a language at all. This situation was changed by William Stokoe , a professor of English hired at Gallaudet University in 1955. He immediately became fascinated by ASL and began serious study of it. Eventually, through publication in linguistics journals of articles containing detailed linguistic analysis of ASL, he was able to convince the scientific mainstream that ASL was indeed a natural language on a par with any other. ORALISM VR. MANUALISM
- 7. Signed in : united estates, canada.
- 8. Region . Anglophone north america
- 9. Total signers : 500,000 to 2 million in the US alone (100,000 to 500,000 primary users (1986 Gallaudet Univ.) out of nearly 2,000,000 profoundly deaf persons in the US (1988), 0.8% of the US population. 15,000,000 hard of hearing persons in the US (1989 Sacks) (from SIL Ethnologue) Language familyhome sign French sign language family Emerging primarily from
- 10. Old french sign language, with significant input from
- 11. Martha is vineyard sign language and various systems American Sign Language