Introduction of sodium cromoglycate
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Sodium cromoglycate was discovered in 1965 as a treatment for asthma and allergic reactions. It acts as a mast cell stabilizer, inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells and preventing asthmatic attacks. Sodium cromoglycate is used as an inhaler, nasal spray, or eye drops to treat conditions like bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. Common side effects include skin rashes, bronchospasm, and throat irritation. It is poorly absorbed orally but absorption increases when used as an aerosol inhaler.
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- The process aims to provide adequate thickness for the porcelain for esthetics while maintaining retention, resistance form, and a path of withdrawal.CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
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Scientific Pig Farming Manual for Pig Farmers
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Pig farming, pork farming, pig production or hog farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork: bacon, ham, gammon) and skins.
Pigs are amenable to many different styles of farming: intensive commercial units, commercial free range enterprises, or extensive farming (being allowed to wander around a village, town or city, or tethered in a simple shelter or kept in a pen outside the owner's house). Historically, farm pigs were kept in small numbers and were closely associated with the residence of the owner, or in the same village or town.[1] They were valued as a source of meat and fat, and for their ability to convert inedible food into meat and manure, and were often fed household food waste when kept on a homestead.[2] Pigs have been farmed to dispose of municipal garbage on a large scale.[3]
All these forms of pig farm are in use today, though intensive farms are by far the most popular, due to their potential to raise a large amount of pigs in a very cost-efficient manner.[4] In developed nations, commercial farms house thousands of pigs in climate-controlled buildings.[5] Pigs are a popular form of livestock, with more than one billion pigs butchered each year worldwide, 100 million in the United States. The majority of pigs are used for human food, but also supply skin, fat and other materials for use in clothing, ingredients for processed foods,[6] cosmetics,[7] and medical use.[8]Pig farming has gained importance today. Pigs have inherited capacity to acclimatize with varying climatic conditions. Pigs cannot withstand high temperature climate.
Pigs are adjusted to varied rearing practices and consume different types of food (Omnivorous) to attain higher growth and meat production.
Pigs will attain 60-70kg body weight in 6-8months period.
Female pigs i.e., sows will come to heat at age of 8-9 months but avoid using male pigs (Boars) for breeding purpose until it attains one year of age.
Adult sows when bred during right time after attaining maturity will farrow 8-12 piglets in 112-118 days of gestation period (i.e., about 4 months of gestation). Feedefficiencyis to gain one Kg live weightfor every 2.75-3kg feed consumed (FCR: 1:2.75). There are many advantageous in pig rearing. Pork is available at a cheaper price with nutritious and highly palatable tasty meat of higher quality animal protein. Pig bones are used for producing bone meal and also used for purification of sugar in sugar industry.
The manure droppings and urine are good fertilizers which enhance the soil fertilityand improve grain production.
Pig hairs (Bristles) are used for making brushes and ropes, hooves are used for shirt button making and preparation of gum. Hence, pigs are called as multi utility domestic animals. Farmers can take up piggery farming and reduce their debt burden and improve their profits and livelihood.
B-FPGM: Lightweight Face Detection via Bayesian-Optimized Soft FPGM Pruning
B-FPGM: Lightweight Face Detection via Bayesian-Optimized Soft FPGM PruningVasileiosMezaris
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Presentation of our paper, "B-FPGM: Lightweight Face Detection via Bayesian-Optimized Soft FPGM Pruning", by N. Kaparinos and V. Mezaris. Presented at the RWS Workshop of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV 2025), Tucson, AZ, USA, Feb. 2025. Preprint and software available at http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16917 https://github.com/IDT-ITI/B-FPGMCell Structure & Function | Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Cell Structure & Function | Cambridge IGCSE BiologyBlessing Ndazie
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This IGCSE Biology presentation provides a detailed look at cell structure and function, covering the differences between animal and plant cells, the roles of organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.), specialized cells, and levels of organization. Learn about diffusion, osmosis, and active transport in cells, with clear diagrams and explanations to support exam preparation. A must-have resource for Cambridge IGCSE students!(Journal Club) Focused ultrasound excites neurons via mechanosensitive calciu...
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Introduction of sodium cromoglycate
- 3. INTRODUCTION: Sodium Cromoglycate also known as Sodium Cromoglicate. a synthetic non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug, inhaled to prevent asthmatic attacks and allergic reactions. Sodium cromoglycate is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt, sodium cromoglycate or cromolyn sodium
- 4. Sodium cromoglycate (SCG) was discovered in1965 by the late Dr. Roger Altounyan (who was himself a lifelong asthma sufferer) developed by Fisons Pharmaceuticals for use as an inhaled drug in asthma, primarily of allergic origin. The drug was selected after over 200 compounds had been tested by Altounyan
- 5. Sodium cromoglycate acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise- induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack. Cromolyn sodium probably interferes with the antigen- stimulated calcium transport across the mast cell membrane, thereby inhibiting mast cell release of histamine, leukotrienes, and other substances that cause hypersensitivity reactions.
- 6. BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ALLERGIC RHINITIS ALLERGIC CONGUCTIVITUS
- 7. AS AN INHALER: (Fintal inhaler) PREPARATION: 1mg metered dose inhaler. DOSE: 2 puffs (Q.I.D) AS A NASAL SPRAY : (Fintal nasal spray) PREPARATION: 2% aqueous solution DOSE: 2 squeezes in each nostrils (Q.I.D) AS EYE DROPS: (Fintal eye drops) PREPARATION: 2% aqueous solution DOSE: 1 drop in each eye (Q.I.D)
- 8. Skin rashes Bronchospasm Throat irritation dizziness Flare up of skin Arthralgia Sometime urticaria
- 9. ABSORPTION: poorly absorbed orally i.e. 0.5% but in the form of aerosol its absorption rate increased up to 1.5% ELIMINATION: most of absorbed drug is excreted unchanged by liver & kidneys within a few days & none appears to undergo metabolic degradation.