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1. Inside Android Sander Alberink 2-9-2011 6 september 2011 www.humiq.nl

2. Agenda Intro to Android development

3. Architecture of the Android OS

4. Architecture of an android application

5. Android future developments

6. About me 6 september 2011 www.humiq.nl Sander Alberink Senior Technical Consultant Android Qt Open Source Working for HUMIQ since 2007 High Tech Embedded Internet 35 years ��old�� New standards Linux Telecom

7. Show of hands Who owns an Android phone? 27 juni 2011 www.humiq.nl Who has a shipping application in the Android Market? Who has developed for that Android phone?

8. What is Android? Open source OS

9. Developed by Google and Open Handset Alliance

10. Based on Linux kernel and many open source libraries

11. Development done in Java

12. Two flavors AOSP

13. 'With Google'

14. What Android is not It's not another Linux distribution Userland is completely different It is not another J2ME implementation Uses its own optimized VM: Dalvik

15. Does not accept Java Bytecode, but only optimized DEX files

16. Class libraries are similar to Java SE, but not completely compatible

17. Android anatomy 27 juni 2011 www.humiq.nl

18. Linux kernel changes Wake-locks Handles Android Power management Binder IPC Inter process communication system

19. Based on Parcels, allows marshalling objects between processes Ashmem Simpler shared memory implementation

20. Can re-claim shared memory from a crashed program Out-of-memory killer

21. Logger Basis of Android Logcat system

22. Maintains 4 separate log-buffers, exported via adb

23. Dalvik VM Java interpreter with JIT capability

24. Concurrent GC since 2.3

25. 16-bit, register-based Java VM is 8-bit, stack-based Loads DEX files Pre-processed .class files, up to half the original size

26. Optimized for low-memory, low-cpu environment

27. Uses a different instruction set than Java VM

28. Contains multiple .class files

29. Class-files are stored uncompressed (execution speed) Core libraries based on Apache Harmony project

30. Zygote process preloads typical (approx. 1800) classes and dynamic link libraries so that children start quickly.

31. Copy-on-write Only when new process writes page, new page is allocated.

32. All pages not be written are shared among all zygote children. Exec system call is not used in zygote. Exec wipes the page mapping table of the process.

33. It means exec discards zygote cache. Zygote is running as UID=0 (root). After forking child process, its UID is changed by setuid system call. Zygote processes

34. Intent system Communication between OS and applications via Intents

35. OS resolves requested action (e.g. 'edit contact') with all registered Intent receivers

36. Highly versatile and modular

37. Allows changing out default functionality for alternatives

38. What is an Android application Collection of building blocks Activities

39. Intent Receivers

40. Services

41. Content Providers Glued together with XML-files

42. Controlled by manifest file

43. Run as a separate Linux process, in a sandbox

44. Tight security model

45. Activity lifecycle An activity has a defined life-cycle

46. Application can be killed by the Android OS if memory is needed

47. State changes are triggered by Android OS

48. Development environment Android SDK contains the following Android platform libraries

49. API for different android versions

50. Full emulator for system

51. ADB debugger bridge

52. Unit testing environment

53. Eclipse plugin

54. Tooling for performance tuning etc

55. Intro development on Android What does the Eclipse plugin offer? Project wizard

56. Coding support

57. Logging

58. Debugging

59. Code generation

60. File explorer

61. Testing

62. Unit testing 6 september 2011 www.humiq.nl

63. 6 september 2011 www.humiq.nl Inleiding ontwikkeling op Android

64. Intro development on Android 6 september 2011 www.humiq.nl

65. Different views

66. Intro development on Android P roj ect structure

67. Own code

68. Generated code

69. Resources Strings

70. Images

71. Layouts

72. Values

73. Animations

74. Measurements 6 september 2011 www.humiq.nl

75. Android Future developments Android Open Accessory Protocol

76. Project Tungsten/Android @ Home

77. Google TV

78. Android Native development 27 juni 2011 www.humiq.nl

79. Android Open Accessory Protocol New way to develop accessories for a telephone

80. Gives the possibility for new accessories and applications for our mobile phones

81. For Android 3.1: Phones is USB Host (hookup any gamepad and game on!) For Gingerbread 2.3.4: Phone is a USB slave, accessory delivers power. Protocol is bi-directional 27 juni 2011 www.humiq.nl

82. Project Tungsten Android @Home

83. Nieuwe klasse Android devices

84. Geen UI, wel netwerk en audio uitgangen

85. �� En mogelijkheden tot home-control

86. Nieuw protocol (yet another...)

87. Idee is goed: zaken niet via een adapter controleren, maar direct.

88. Low-cost, low maintenance. 27 juni 2011 www.humiq.nl

89. Android Native Development Kit Development in C/C++

90. Originally only subroutines in C/C++

91. Only suitable for computationally expensive routines (physics, graphical rendering)

92. Now: fully native applications possible But beware: No POSIX-compliant C-library

93. No kernel headers

94. Straightforward porting of software not always possible 27 juni 2011 www.humiq.nl

95. Android Native Development Kit 2 27 juni 2011 www.humiq.nl

96. Google TV Android, on your TV

97. Version 2.0 to be introduced, based on Honeycomb

98. Finally App-store enabled.

99. Coming to Europe in 2012 27 juni 2011 www.humiq.nl

100. Thank you for your attention! Questions? 27 juni 2011 www.humiq.nl

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