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Introduction to Android Development

About Us
Kasun Delgolla
Software Engineer
WSO2
kasun.mck@gmail.com
Chathura Dilan
Senior Software Engineer
WSO2
dilan@dilan.me
Inosh Perera
Software Engineer
WSO2
inoshperera@gmail.com

Here's what we gonna discuss
● Introduction to Android OS and Android SDK
● Application Development in general
● Application types – Exploring Google Play
● Environment preparation (Android SDK tools)
● Technological overview - XML, Java etc
● Application framework
● Developing a simple Android app
● Monetization and Publishing process

Introduction to Android OS and Android SDK
● Android – A Linux based OS designed for touch screen mobile devices.
● It was initially developed by Android Inc, and later in 2005, Google bought
android.
● Android came into play in 2007 with the founding of OHA (Open Handset
Alliance) which is a consortium of 84 firms (Samsung, LG, Sony, HTC, Dell,
Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile, Nvidia etc) to develop open standards for
mobile devices.
● The first Android-powered phone, T-Mobile G1 was sold in October 2008.
● Android is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache
License.
● Each major release is named in alphabetical order after a dessert or sugary
treat; for example, version 1.5 Cupcake was followed by 1.6 Donut.

Now...
● Android is the world's most popular mobile platform.
● It's powerful specially because of Google product support (Ex:
Searching, Navigation, G+, Play Store, You Tube, Drive,
Gmail,Calendar etc...)
● Multi-tasking
● Widgets
● Notifications
● Voice Typing and Actions
● Photos and videos
● High-end devices

Application Development in General
● We can define Android Application Development in 5 Stages
– Come up with a fantastic concept
– Design the App – Including a cool UI
– Develop the Application
– Publish on Google Play
– EARN :)

Application types – Exploring Google Play
● Within 600,000+ apps and games available on Google Play, we can find Apps which fall into
following categories
– Business
– Communication
– Entertainment
– Games
– Health and Fitness
– Media
– Lifestyle
– Books
– Finance
– News & Magazines
– Shopping
– Photography and many more...

Interface & Applications
● Android's user interface is based on direct manipulation, using touch inputs that loosely
correspond to real-world actions, like swiping, tapping, pinching and reverse pinching to
manipulate on-screen objects.
● Internal hardware such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and proximity sensors are used by
some applications to respond to additional user actions.
● Android devices boot to the homescreen, the primary navigation and information point on
the device, which is similar to the desktop found on PCs.
● Google offers the Google Play service in which programmers can offer their Android
application to Android users. Google phones include the Google Play application which
allows to install applications.
● There are more than 600,000 apps and games available on Google Play.

Let's get started :)
● Android SDK - Contains the necessary tools to create, compile and package Android application. It
also provides an Android device emulator and the Android debug bridge (adb) tool which allows to
connect to an virtual or real Android device.
● Android Development Tools (ADT) -
– Set of components (plug-ins) which comes packed with android studio/extend the
Eclipse IDE with Android development capabilities.
– It contains all required functionalities to create, compile, debug and deploy Android
applications from the Eclipse IDE.
– ADT also allows to create and start AVDs.
– Provides specialized editors for resources files, e.g. layout files. These editors
allow to switch between the XML representation of the file and a richer user
interface via tabs on the bottom of the editor.
● Dalvik Virtual Machine - The Android system uses a special virtual machine, i.e. the Dalvik Virtual
Machine to run Java based applications. Dalvik uses an own bytecode format which is different
from Java bytecode. Therefore you cannot directly run Java class files on Android, they need to get
converted in the Dalvik bytecode format.

How an APK is built
● Android applications are primarily written in the Java programming language.
● The Java source files are converted to Java class files by the Java compiler.
● The Android SDK contains a tool called dx which converts Java class files into a .dex (Dalvik Executable) file.
● All class files of one application are placed in one compressed .dex file.
● During this conversion process redundant information in the class files are optimized in the .dex file. For
example if the same String is found in different class files, the .dex file contains only once reference of this
String.
● The .dex file and the resources of an Android project, e.g. the images and XML files, are packed into an .apk
(Android Package) file. The program aapt (Android Asset Packaging Tool) performs this packaging.
● The resulting .apk file contains all necessary data to run the Android application and can be deployed to an
Android device via the adb tool.

Android Security Concept
● During deployment on an Android device, the Android system will create a
unique user and group ID for every Android application.
● Each Android application will be started in its own process.
● Every android application is isolated from other running applications.
● If data should be shared, application should do that explicitly (Using
content provider or services).

Android Permission Concept
● Android predefines permissions for certain tasks but every application can
define additional permissions.
● An Android application declare its required permissions in
its AndroidManifest.xml configuration file.
● In most cases the requested permissions will be presented to the user
before installation of the application. The user needs to decide if these
permissions are given to the application.

Application Components
● An Android application consists out of different Android components and
additional resources. Each type serves a distinct purpose and has a
distinct life-cycle that defines how the component is created and
destroyed.
➢ Activities
➢ Services
➢ Broadcast receiver
➢ Content provider

Find the device location
● LocationManager
● FusedLocationApi (Via GoogleAPIClient)

1. Import Google Play Services library
2. Update manifest with permissions and
Google play services meta tag

● Add code related to location API to your
activity.
1. Implement the class from ConnectionCallbacks, OnConnectionFailedListener.
2. Check for availability of Google Play Services by calling checkPlayServices() in
onResume().
3. Connect to Google API client by calling mGoogleApiClient.connect() in onStart()
method. By calling this, onConnectionFailed(), onConnected() and
onConnectionSuspended() will be triggered depending upon the connection status.
4. Once Google API is successfully connected, displayLocation() should be called
in onConnected() method to get the current location.
5. Make sure that the WIFI and location is enabled on your device before you test.
● If you need periodic location updates, you can
implement a LocationListener.

Getting Started with Android Development

What do you need?
● Computer
● JDK
● Android Studio
● Internet
● Android SDK tools
● Android Platform tools
● Android Build tools
● Idea?

● GitHub: https://github.com/chaturadilan/Kalagune
● Download Images : http://bit.ly/1KZ8h1h
● Backend Service:
http://www.dilan.me/apps/weather/api.php
Resources

Android Activity
An activity is a single, focused thing that the user
can do. It is simply an user interface.

App Manifest
● Every application must have an
AndroidManifest.xml
● manifest file presents essential information
about your app to the Android system

Gradle
● Advanced build toolkit that manages dependencies
● define custom build logic
● Uses Groovy Syntax
● Android Studio uses a Gradle wrapper
● Android plugin for Gradle also runs independent of
Android Studio
● The build configuration for your project is defined inside
build.gradle

Declare dependencies
dependencies {
// Module dependency
compile project(":lib")
// Remote binary dependency
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.0.1'
// Local binary dependency
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}

Build variants
● Build variants are combinations of product flavors
and build types
● Product flavors represent product build versions of
an app, such as free and paid.
● Build types represent the build packaging versions
generated for each app package, such as debug
and release.
● The build system generates APKs for each
combination of product flavor and build type.

AppCompat
● Enables you to bring your latest designs to
older Android platforms
dependencies {
compile "com.android.support:appcompat-
v7:21.0.+"
}

Android Layouts
● Relative Layout - Enables you to specify the
location of child objects relative to each other
●
● Linear Layout - A layout that organizes its
children into a single horizontal or vertical row.

Home Activity Views
● Time - id = textViewTime, size = 36sp
● Date - id = textViewDate, size = 18sp
● Image - id = imageViewWeather, height/width= 200dp
● Weather - id = textViewWeather, size = 18sp
● Temp - id = textViewTemp, size = 64sp
● City - id = textViewCity, size = 36sp

Screen Densities
● ldpi (low) ~120dpi
● mdpi (medium) ~160dpi
● hdpi (high) ~240dpi
● xhdpi (extra-high) ~320dpi
● xxhdpi (extra-extra-high) ~480dpi
● xxxhdpi (extra-extra-extra-high) ~640dpi

Range of screens supported
xlarge screens are at least 960dp x 720dp
large screens are at least 640dp x 480dp
normal screens are at least 470dp x 320dp
small screens are at least 426dp x 320dp

Multiple Layouts Files
● res/layout/main_activity.xml
# For handsets (smaller than 600dp available width)
● res/layout-sw600dp/main_activity.xml
# For 7” tablets (600dp wide and bigger)
● res/layout-sw720dp/main_activity.xml
# For 10” tablets (720dp wide and bigger)

Fragments
● A Fragment represents a behavior or a portion
of user interface in an Activity
● Fragments has it's own life cycles
● A fragment must always be embedded in an
activity

Adapter
● The Adapter provides access to the data items.
● Adapter is also responsible for making a View
for each item in the data set

Checking out the source from
Github
● https://github.com/chaturadilan/Kalagune

Monetization of Applications
● Google Admob
● Dialog In-App Purchase Android SDK

Monetize without Compromising User Experience
w

Preparing Application for Release
● keytool -genkey -v -keystore
<filename>.keystore -alias <key-name> -keyalg
RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000

Publishing Android app in Google
Play
● A developer account must be created. $25
● All applications need to be signed with a
cryptographic key that expires after October 22,
2033.
● Maximum size for an APK published on Google
Play is 50MB or use APK Expansions

Resources
● http://www.androidhive.info/2015/02/android-locatio
● http://developer.android.com/training/index.html
● http://www.vogella.com/android.html
● http://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/

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