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Killing 
Your 
Characters 
Correctly 
nailing the medical details 
in your fiction 
Kim Foster, MD
Killing Your Characters Correctly
Killing Your Characters Correctly
Killing Your Characters Correctly
CPR & 
Defibrillation
CPR is not magic don’t give up so soon! 
it’s not pretty (rib cracking) 
do NOT defibrillate a flatline!
Comas
Getting your character into a coma 
? a severe head injury 
? seizure 
? infection involving the brain 
? brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen for too 
long (eg. cardiac arrest) 
? an overdose of medicine or other drugs. 
? a stroke 
? chemical imbalances (in the body from other 
illnesses eg. low blood sugar, organ failure)
Getting your character out of a coma 
Much trickier! 
(especially if you want him/her unscathed) 
Keep in mind these factors: 
? the cause (drug overdose vs. hypoxia or stroke) 
? the “depth” (give a few signs of being higher on 
the Glasgow coma scale) 
? the duration (the longer he remains in coma, the 
worse his chances)
Knife Wounds 
The most lethal wounds that can 
be made with a knife? 
? between the cervical vertebrae 
(sever spinal cord) 
? across the neck—slice through 
the carotid arteries and the 
trachea 
? into the heart 
? lungs/chest—maybe 
? abdomen—maybe
Knife Wounds 
Knife injuries that look bad but may be survivable? 
? limbs 
? shoulder 
? chest 
? abdomen—if you miss the aorta 
? or almost anywhere—anything is possible!
Bullet Wounds 
Issues: 
? Do you have to 
get the bullet 
out? 
? Fatal shots 
? Survivable shots
Poison 
? Cyanide 
? Strychnine 
? Arsenic 
? Ricin 
? Warfarin & Heparin 
? Morphine & Opiates 
? Potassium Chloride 
? Botulinum Toxin
Heart Attacks & Heart Disease 
Symptoms of a heart attack: 
? chest pressure/heaviness/pain 
? pain that radiates to left arm or jaw 
? shortness of breath 
? lightheadedness 
? nausea 
? diaphoresis (sweaty) 
? palpitations 
Risk factors: 
? high blood pressure 
? high cholesterol 
? smoking 
? diabetes 
? family history 
? obesity 
? sedentary
Deadly Infections 
Infection Fatality rate 
(if untreated) 
Treatment available? 
Rabies 100% yes (post-exposure 
vaccination) 
Ebola 83-90% no 
Smallpox 95% no 
Anthrax 93% yes (antibiotics) 
Bubonic Plague 60% yes (antibiotics) 
Yellow Fever 20-50% no
Anaphylaxis & Allergies 
What kinds of things tend 
to cause fatal allergic 
reactions? 
-foods (nuts, shellfish, 
eggs) 
-iodine 
-insect stings (yellow 
jacket wasps, honeybees) 
-antibiotics 
-local anaesthetic 
What does an allergic 
reaction look like? 
-rash/hives 
-difficulty breathing, 
swallowing, speaking 
-tongue, lip, eye 
swelling 
-lightheadedness 
-passing out
Childbirth 
Issues
Common errors & 
annoyances: 
? the panic that ensues 
when a woman’s water 
breaks 
? speed labor (especially for 
first labor) 
? clean & pretty labor 
? amazing recovery after 
Opportunities: 
? delivery in inconvenient 
places: elevators, cars, the 
sidewalk outside the 
hospital, etc. 
? bleeding, infection 
? home births, water births 
? breech 
? twins 
? almost any disaster you can 
think of
Hospital Scenes 
Who’s there, and what are they doing?
Where to get more help? 
Online resources (see handout) 
Library 
Talk to an expert 
? physician 
? other health care professional 
? university prof 
? science writer/copyeditor/fact checker 
? me: Kim Foster 
email: kim@drkimfoster.com 
website: www.kimfoster.com
Questions?

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Killing Your Characters Correctly

  • 1. Killing Your Characters Correctly nailing the medical details in your fiction Kim Foster, MD
  • 6. CPR is not magic don’t give up so soon! it’s not pretty (rib cracking) do NOT defibrillate a flatline!
  • 8. Getting your character into a coma ? a severe head injury ? seizure ? infection involving the brain ? brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen for too long (eg. cardiac arrest) ? an overdose of medicine or other drugs. ? a stroke ? chemical imbalances (in the body from other illnesses eg. low blood sugar, organ failure)
  • 9. Getting your character out of a coma Much trickier! (especially if you want him/her unscathed) Keep in mind these factors: ? the cause (drug overdose vs. hypoxia or stroke) ? the “depth” (give a few signs of being higher on the Glasgow coma scale) ? the duration (the longer he remains in coma, the worse his chances)
  • 10. Knife Wounds The most lethal wounds that can be made with a knife? ? between the cervical vertebrae (sever spinal cord) ? across the neck—slice through the carotid arteries and the trachea ? into the heart ? lungs/chest—maybe ? abdomen—maybe
  • 11. Knife Wounds Knife injuries that look bad but may be survivable? ? limbs ? shoulder ? chest ? abdomen—if you miss the aorta ? or almost anywhere—anything is possible!
  • 12. Bullet Wounds Issues: ? Do you have to get the bullet out? ? Fatal shots ? Survivable shots
  • 13. Poison ? Cyanide ? Strychnine ? Arsenic ? Ricin ? Warfarin & Heparin ? Morphine & Opiates ? Potassium Chloride ? Botulinum Toxin
  • 14. Heart Attacks & Heart Disease Symptoms of a heart attack: ? chest pressure/heaviness/pain ? pain that radiates to left arm or jaw ? shortness of breath ? lightheadedness ? nausea ? diaphoresis (sweaty) ? palpitations Risk factors: ? high blood pressure ? high cholesterol ? smoking ? diabetes ? family history ? obesity ? sedentary
  • 15. Deadly Infections Infection Fatality rate (if untreated) Treatment available? Rabies 100% yes (post-exposure vaccination) Ebola 83-90% no Smallpox 95% no Anthrax 93% yes (antibiotics) Bubonic Plague 60% yes (antibiotics) Yellow Fever 20-50% no
  • 16. Anaphylaxis & Allergies What kinds of things tend to cause fatal allergic reactions? -foods (nuts, shellfish, eggs) -iodine -insect stings (yellow jacket wasps, honeybees) -antibiotics -local anaesthetic What does an allergic reaction look like? -rash/hives -difficulty breathing, swallowing, speaking -tongue, lip, eye swelling -lightheadedness -passing out
  • 18. Common errors & annoyances: ? the panic that ensues when a woman’s water breaks ? speed labor (especially for first labor) ? clean & pretty labor ? amazing recovery after Opportunities: ? delivery in inconvenient places: elevators, cars, the sidewalk outside the hospital, etc. ? bleeding, infection ? home births, water births ? breech ? twins ? almost any disaster you can think of
  • 19. Hospital Scenes Who’s there, and what are they doing?
  • 20. Where to get more help? Online resources (see handout) Library Talk to an expert ? physician ? other health care professional ? university prof ? science writer/copyeditor/fact checker ? me: Kim Foster email: kim@drkimfoster.com website: www.kimfoster.com