Kirchhoff’s rules
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Kirchhoff's rules provide a means of obtaining enough independent equations to solve for currents in an electrical circuit. They were first described in 1845 by German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff and consist of two equalities: (1) the Junction Rule states that the sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum leaving, based on conservation of charge, and (2) the Loop Rule states that the sum of voltages around a closed conducting loop must be zero, based on conservation of energy. Kirchhoff's rules can be applied to traffic flow analysis and are the basis of circuit simulation software used in integrated circuit design.
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- Conversions between units like watts, kilowatts, and how to calculate energy usage over timeBasic-Electricity.pptx
Basic-Electricity.pptxDrMSAli1
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This document provides an overview of basic electricity concepts including:
- The structure of atoms and how they relate to electrical conductivity and charge
- Key terms like voltage, current, resistance, and their relationships as defined by Ohm's Law
- Different types of electrical circuits (series, parallel, series-parallel) and the equations used to analyze each type
- Conversions between units like watts, kilowatts, and how to calculate energy usage over time1_Basic_Electricity-5.pptx
1_Basic_Electricity-5.pptxTahaSaquib1
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This document provides an overview of basic electricity concepts including:
- The structure of atoms and how they relate to electrical conductivity and charge
- Key terms like voltage, current, resistance, and their relationships as defined by Ohm's Law
- Different types of electrical circuits (series, parallel, series-parallel) and the equations used to analyze each type
- Conversions between units like watts, kilowatts, and how to calculate energy usage over timeDC circuit
DC circuitprempanigrahi
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1) The document discusses DC fundamentals and circuits, covering topics like charge, current, voltage, power, energy, Ohm's law, and Kirchhoff's laws. It also covers basic circuit analysis using these principles.
2) Key concepts discussed include the definitions of current, voltage, resistance, and time constants. Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law are also summarized.
3) Examples are provided to demonstrate using these principles to solve circuits for unknown currents and voltages. Circuit analysis techniques like mesh current analysis and nodal voltage analysis are also mentioned.kichoff'slaw 2 (1).pptx
kichoff'slaw 2 (1).pptxBasirKhan21
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This document discusses Kirchhoff's laws, which are two circuit analysis laws named after Gustav Kirchhoff. Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) states that the total current entering a node equals the total current leaving it. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop is equal to zero. The document provides examples of using KCL and KVL to solve for unknown currents and voltages in simple circuits. It also defines some key circuit analysis terms used with Kirchhoff's laws like nodes, branches, loops, and meshes.
BASIC-ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-MODULE-311.pptx
BASIC-ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING-MODULE-311.pptxJiannManingat
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This document outlines the key concepts of electric circuits including Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and network theorems. It defines key terms like branches, nodes, and loops. Kirchhoff's current law states that the algebraic sum of currents at a node is zero. Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the algebraic sum of voltages around any closed loop is zero. These laws allow analysis of circuits to solve for unknown voltages and currents.CiT-02.pptx
CiT-02.pptxksooryakrishna1
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The document presents Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws. It provides examples of applying these laws to determine currents and voltages in circuits. Kirchhoff's Current Law states that the algebraic sum of currents entering and leaving a node is zero. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the algebraic sum of voltages around a closed loop is zero. The document gives 10 examples of using these laws to analyze circuits and calculate unknown currents and voltages. Ohm's Law is also used in conjunction with the Kirchhoff Laws.CiT-02.pptx
CiT-02.pptxLucasMogaka
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The document presents Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws. It provides examples of applying these laws to determine currents and voltages in circuits. Kirchhoff's Current Law states that the algebraic sum of currents entering and leaving a node is zero. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the algebraic sum of voltages around a closed loop is zero. The document gives 10 examples of using these laws to analyze circuits and calculate unknown currents and voltages. Ohm's Law is also used in conjunction with the Kirchhoff Laws.Electrical circuitsand methods of network analysis
Electrical circuitsand methods of network analysisUniversity of Potsdam
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An electric circuit is a path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow. The point where those electrons enter an electrical circuit is called the "source" of electrons.Kirchhoff’s rules
- 2. Objectives • For us to know what are the kirchhoff’s rules and how to compute currents using it. • To be familiar with the formulas and different concepts.
- 3. Features • Kirchhoff's rules provide a means of obtaining enough independent equations to solve for the currents flowing in an electrical circuit. • Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two equalities that deal with the current and potential difference in the lumped element model of electrical circuits. • They were first described in 1845 by German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff.
- 4. Definition of Terms • Junction- a point where three or more conductors meet. • Electromotive force- is the voltage developed by any source of electrical energy such as a battery or dynamo.[ • Law of Conservation of Charge- current is flow of charge per time, and if current is constant, that which flows into a point in a circuit must equal that which flows out of it. • Law of Conservation of Energy- the total energy gained per unit charge must equal the amount of energy lost per unit of charge.
- 5. Kirchhoff’s Rules • Junction/Voltage Rule-this is based on the conservation of charge: the sum of currents entering a junction is equal the sum leaving. Formula: i2 + i3 = i1 + i4 • Loop/Current Rule-this is based on the conservation of energy: The sum of voltages around a closed conducting loop must be zero. Formula: v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 = 0
- 7. Junction Rule: I0=I1+I2 I0= (-0.0375)+(0.015) I0= -0.0225 A Solution: Loop Rule: A: -I2(100Ω)+1.5=0 -100I2+1.5=0 I2=0.015 A B: -9v-I1(200Ω)+I2(100Ω)=0 -9-200I1+(0.015)(100)=0 -200I1=7.5 I1= -0.0375 A
- 8. Applications
- 9. Objectives • To know how the rules could be applied and could contribute to our everyday lives and to the society. • For us to understand the Kirchhoff’s rules in a wider perspective.
- 10. New Developments • With China's economic rapid development and expansion of urban areas, urban traffic congestion is becoming increasingly obvious, following from that is not optimistic, the coming of the scarcity of urban road resources and traffic situation. At the present time, the simulation model on domestic and foreign does not really reflect that the traffic flow from the emergence and development of the life-cycle process to reduce traffic flow. Kirchhoff's law for the basic theory of the analysis, identify the relationship between the resistances of traffic and the traffic flow, traffic volume, and so on, to obtained analysis model, and reveal the law of the traffic flow life-cycle. ADVANTAGES: • It could really help to reduce traffic by just applying the concept of Kirchhoff’s rules. DISADVANTAGES: • There could still be limitations because flows in electric currents are spontaneous and the flows in traffics are sometimes unpredictable.
- 11. Implication to Science and Technology • A matrix version of Kirchhoff's current law is the basis of most circuit simulation software, such as SPICE. It is a powerful program that is used in integrated circuit and board-level design to check the integrity of circuit designs and to predict circuit behavior. • Kirchhoff's current law combined with Ohm's Law is used in nodal analysis, a method of determining the voltage (potential difference) between "nodes. • Kirchhoff's rules can be used to analyze any circuit and modified for those with EMFs, resistors, capacitors and more.
- 13. Objective For us, to learn about single-loop circuits and how it help us in our everyday lives.
- 14. Definition of Terms • Electrical Circuit- is a network consisting of a closed loop, giving a return path for the current • Direct current (DC)- is the unidirectional flow of electric charge
- 16. Application Without circuits, electricity could be impossible, and without electricity, we will suffer. Especially these modern days.