Redox-potenciál mérésen alapuló gyors mikrobiológiai módszerOlivér ReichartMikrobiológiai módszerek áttekintése és összehasonlítása, a redox-potenciál alapú technológia bemutatása. Az új módszer előnyei:
* Egyszerű mérési technika.
* Nem igényel szigorú hőmérséklet-szabályozást.
* Gyors módszer, különösen nagy mikroba-számú fertőzések esetében.
* Bármely tápleves alkalmazható (impedimetriás mérések kis vezetőképességű, speciális tápleveseket igényelnek).
* Különösen alkalmas membrán-szűréses módszer kiértékelésére.
* Gazdaságos, hatékony és egyszerű módszer pusztulás-kinetikai mérések kiértékelésére.
* Nagyon hatékony módszer táptalaj-optimalizálási kísérletekhez.
* A vizsgálatok költsége kisebb a klasszikus módszerekhez viszonyítva, különösen null-toleráns mikrobák (coliforms, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, etc.) meghatározásánál.
MICROTESTER - A redox-potenciál mérésen alapuló gyors vizsgálati módszer elmé...Olivér ReichartA redox-potenciál mérésen alapuló modszer részletes bemutatása:
* Gyors módszer, különösen nagy mikroba-számú minták esetében.
* Egyszerű mérési technika.
* Szabványos táptalajok használhatók.
* A redox-görbe alakjából következtetni lehet a mikroba-csoportra.
* Nagyon széles (100-108) sejtszám-tartományban hígítás nélkül alkalmazható.
* Különösen célszerű membrán-szűréses módszer kiértékelésére.
* Élelmiszeripari vizsgálatokra validált és akkreditált módszer.
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Use of MALDI-TOF in the diagnosis of infectious diseasesimprovemedMALDI-TOF MS has revolutionized clinical microbiology by drastically improving the time needed to identify bacterial cultures from over 24 hours to just a few minutes. Whereas the entire process from sampling to results previously took 2-3 days or more, new methods like MALDI-TOF MS and molecular technology have reduced this to just a few hours or one day. MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful, cost-effective, and easy to implement technique that provides rapid and reliable identification of bacteria and yeast from clinical samples at the genus and species level through analysis of their protein mass spectral signatures.
Molecular microbiology methodsimprovemed1. Molecular microbiology methods like PCR and hybridization have revolutionized clinical diagnostics by enabling fast and direct detection of pathogens from clinical samples.
2. PCR in particular has become a mainstay technique, allowing amplification of specific DNA sequences from small amounts of input DNA. Variations like real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, and broad-range PCR further expanded diagnostic capabilities.
3. Emerging technologies like DNA microarrays promise even greater multiplexing, with the ability to simultaneously genotype large genomic regions or measure expression of many genes, positioning them as promising future molecular diagnostic tools.
Isolated vascular ringsimprovemedThis document provides information about setting up and conducting experiments with isolated organs and tissue rings, including:
1. Describing the mechanical setup for a four-channel system bath for isolated organs.
2. Explaining the preparation of Krebs-Hanseleit solution and common drugs used.
3. Outlining typical experiment protocols, including stabilizing tissues, pre-contraction testing, and assessing endothelial function.
4. Noting that each experiment begins by preparing Krebs-Hanseleit solution and activating the system before surgery and setting rings in wells.
Isolated blood vesselsimprovemedThis document describes the components, work principles, and experimental protocols for using a pressure myograph system to study isolated blood vessels. The system allows measuring vessel diameter in response to drugs and stimuli while maintaining constant temperature. Experiments involve isolating small arteries from rats and attaching them to glass micropipettes in a chamber filled with physiological salt solution. Vessel diameter is recorded under varying pressures and drug exposures to study endothelial function and vasoactive mechanisms. Statistical analysis of diameter changes under different conditions uses repeated measures ANOVA to compare responses between experimental groups.
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Notes for STAINING AND ANALYSIS of HISTOLOGICAL PREPARATIONSimprovemedThis document provides an overview of histological staining techniques. It discusses how histological preparations are stained using interactions between dyes, solvents, and tissue components. Different staining methods result in different colors that highlight various structures. A classic example is hematoxylin and eosin staining, where hematoxylin stains acidic components blue and eosin stains basic components pink. Specialized staining techniques also exist, such as immunohistochemistry. Proper staining selection depends on the tissue and research goals. Histological preparations are then analyzed under a microscope to study cell and tissue morphology.
Notes for Fixation of tissues and organs for educational and scientific purposesimprovemedFixation of tissues and organs is done to preserve them for scientific and educational purposes. Various chemical fixatives are used including formaldehyde, alcohols, and acids. Formaldehyde cross-links proteins to harden the tissue while maintaining the original structure. Several fixation protocols are used for different purposes, balancing preservation of color and long-term durability. Key steps include diffusion or injection of fixatives, followed by storage in preservative solutions. Proper fixation and storage are necessary to prevent degradation over time.
Notes for improvemedThe document summarizes the process of preparing tissue samples for histological analysis, including fixation, dehydration, infiltration/embedding, sectioning, staining, and examination. Key steps involve fixing tissues to prevent degradation, dehydrating using increasing alcohol concentrations, infiltrating with paraffin wax or resin for structural support during sectioning, precisely cutting thin sections, mounting them to glass slides, staining, and examining under a microscope. The quality of prepared samples depends on carefully following each step of the preparation process.
Notes for The principle and performance of capillary electrophoresisimprovemedThis document provides an overview of capillary electrophoresis (CE). It begins by introducing CE and its advantages over other separation techniques. It then describes the basic theory behind CE, including electrophoretic mobility, electroosmotic flow, and how samples migrate through the capillary when an electric field is applied. The document details the key components of a CE instrument and various CE separation techniques such as capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary isoelectric focusing. It focuses on the principles and applications of CE.
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2. A VÉREREK FIZIOLÓGIÁJA
• Az érrendszer fiziológiájának jó megértése elengedhetetlen a kísérlet
lefolyásának megértéséhez
• A vazodilatáció és az érszűkület mechanizmusai
4. R R E R
Ú
R
Ú
R
Celluláris
válasz Celluláris válasz
Celluláris
válasz
Celluláris
válasz
hiperpolarizációt
vagy
depolarizáció
Az
ingerlékenys
ég változása
más hírvivők
mentesítési
Ca2+
a proteinek
foszforilezésén
ek
más
a proteinek
foszforilezésén
ek
transzkripciós gének
protein szintézis
R
transzkripciós
gének
protein szintézis
Első receptor-
függő ioncsatornák
Második kapcsolt receptorok a G-
fehérjék
(A metabotrop receptorok)
3. kináz
receptorok
4. nukleáris
receptor
Idővonal:
ms
Példa:
dohányos
ACh receptor
Idővonal:
órák
Példa:
citokin
receptor
Idővonal:
órák
Példa:
ösztrogén
receptorok
Idővonal:
másodperc
Példa:
Muszkarin acetil-kolin-receptor
6. Intracelluláris jelátviteli
Kapcsolt receptorok a G-fehérje
meta
1
2. cél
α βγ
GDP
meta
1
2. cél
α βγ
GDP
GTP
meta
1
2. cél
α βγ
GTP
meta
1
2. cél
α βγ
GDP
+
P
receptor elfoglalt
meta aktiváltGTP hidrolizált
El
s
ő
4. H
ar
m
M
á
s
o
di
k GDP
25. A VIZSGÁLAT ELŐKÉSZÍTÉSE
• Indító rendszer (37 ° C hőmérséklet, O2 szállítása stb.)
• A rendszer kalibrálása
• Krebs Henseleit oldat elkészítése
• Gyógyszeres terápia
26. A szigetelt szervek fürdőinek 4-vero
csatornarendszere tartalmazza::
Négycsatornás standard fürdőrendszer szigetelt testekhez (szövetgyűrűk és hevederek) minden
tartozékkal (csövek, kábelek stb.)
Négycsatornás mérő erősítője
izometrikus erőátalakító
Szoftver adatgyűjtéshez és feldolgozáshoz
Rendszer szoláris rendszer fogadására és átadására az elszigetelt testfürdő rendszerekről a számítógépre
(négyszeres, a nyolc csatornarendszerre történő bővítés lehetőségével)
20 l-es víztartály, fűtő- és vízkeringéssel, és 20 - 50 ° C hőmérséklet-szabályozási tartomány és ± 0,1 ° C
pontossággal
32. Gyógyszer/hatóanyag Mr. (G / L)
Készítmény
20 mM
oldat
Koncentráció a
medencében
További hígításra van szükség
20 mM oldat
Vol. amely
hozzáadódik a
medencéhez (μL)
KCI 74,56
előkészített 3M
11,3 g / 50 ml
60 mM Nem 400
noradrenalin 205.0 41 mg / 10 ml 10-4 M
Tengerimalac: 100 x (10-6)
Patkány: 1000x (10-7)
100
acetilkolin 181,7 36,4mg / 10 ml 10-4 M
Tengerimalac: 10 x (10-5)
Patkány: 100x (10-6)
100
L-NAME 268,0 53,6mg / 10 ml 3x10-4 M Nem 300
indometacin 358,0 71,6mg / 10 ml 10-4 M 10x (10-5 M) 100
klotrimazol 344,8 69 mg / 10 ml 10-4 M 10x (10-5 M) 100
verapamil
491,0
AMP: 5 mg / 2
ml
előkészített 2 mM
A 4 ml amp. + 6
mlH2TOVÁBB
20 μM Nem 200
* Az oldószer Indometasin 96% etanol vagy DMSO / gyártótól függően.
37. SZABVÁNYOS PROTOKOLL
1. A véredények stabilizálása
2. A kezdeti összehúzódás előtti vizsgálat
3. Endothelialis intaktitásvizsgálat
4. Vaszkuláris aktivációs teszt
38. A véredény stabilizálása (60 perc)
Vérerek feszültsége 20 mN
A véredény feszültségét több alkalommal 20
mN-ra (vagy 0 mN-ra korrigáljuk, ha a rendszer
alapvetően - 20 mN) korrigálja
Ebben az időszakban a medencéket 3-4
alkalommal (kb. 15 percenként) mossuk
39. 2. A kezdeti összehúzódás előtti vizsgálat
400μL 3M KCI
(60 mM)
Öblítés
Öblítés
Öblítés
4 perc
1 perc
1 perc
1 perc
3 x
40. 3. Endothelialis intaktitásvizsgálat
100μL 1000x osztály. 20
mM
noradrenalin
(10-7M)
100μL 100x Class. 20 mM
acetilkolin
(10-6M)
Öblítés4 min 1 perc
1 perc
Öblítés
Öblítés
4 min
41. 4. Vaszkuláris aktivációs teszt
100μL 1000x osztály. 20
mM
noradrenalin
(10-7M)
értágító
különböző dózisokban
4 min