More Related Content
Similar to KSSM_SCIENCE_F4_C1.pptx (20)
Recently uploaded (20)
KSSM_SCIENCE_F4_C1.pptx
- 1. KSSM SCIENCE FORM 4 BAB 1.0 LANGKAH KESELAMATAN DI DALAM MAKMAL (SAFETY MEASURES IN LABORATORY)
- 2. TOPIK-TOPIK PENTING!!! • PERALATAN PERLINDUNGAN DIRI ( PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT) • PEMBUANGAN BAHAN SISA (DISPOSAL OF WASTE) • PEMADAM KEBAKARAN ( FIRE EXTINGUISHER)
- 3. 1.1 Peralatan Perlindungan Diri (Self-protection equipment)
- 4. 1.1 Peralatan Perlindungan Diri Peralatan perlindungan diri ialah kelengkapan yang diperlukan untuk memberi perlindungan kepada pemakainya daripada bahaya.
- 5. PERALATAN PERLINDUNGAN DIRI & FUNGSINYA
- 7. Gogal (goggles) • Melindungi mata daripada percikan bahan kimia atau sampel berbahaya contohnya asid, bromin, ammonia dan logam reaktif (Protects the eyes from hazardous chemical substances such as acid, bromine, ammonia and reactive metals.)
- 8. Topeng Muka (Face mask)
- 9. Topeng Muka (Face mask) • Melindungi hidung dan mulut daripada terhidu atau tertelan bahan kimia yang sengit dan mudah meruap Protects the nose and mouth from inhaling pungent and volatile chemical substances and dust.
- 11. Sarung Tangan (gloves) • Diperbuat daripada getah dan melindungi tangan daripada bahan kimia yang berbahaya. Gloves made of rubber protect the hands from hazardous chemical substances.
- 12. Baju makmal (Lab coat)
- 13. Baju makmal (Lab coat) • Direka supaya mudah untuk dibuka sekiranya berlaku kecemasan. Melindungi badan daripada percikan bahan kimia berbahahaya. A lab coat is made up of safety layers and is easily removed if there is an emergency. The lab coat is important to protect clothing from damage.
- 14. Kasut keselamatan (lab shoes)
- 15. Kasut keselamatan (lab shoes) • Kasut bertutup dipakai untuk melindungi kaki daripada tumpahan bahan kimia dan serpihan kaca. Closed shoes must be worn in the laboratory. Their function is to protect the feet from chemical substance spills and glass splinters.
- 16. Peralatan Perlindungan Diri di Dalam Makmal
- 17. Peralatan Perlindungan Diri di Dalam Makmal (Personal Protective Equipment in the Laboratory) Penyiram Kecemasan (Safety shower) & Pembilas Mata (Eyewash station) 1
- 18. Penyiram Kecemasan Safety shower • Digunakan untuk membersih dan membilas bahagian badan atau pakaian yang terkena bahan kimia dengan segera. The safety shower is used to immediately clean and rinse parts of the body or clothing that have come into contact with chemical substances.
- 19. Pembilas Mata Eyewash station • Untuk membilas dan mencuci mata yang terkena percikan bahan kimia dengan segera. The eyewash station is used to immediately rinse and wash the eye that has come into contact with chemical substances.
- 20. Kabinet aliran laminar laminar flow cabinet 2
- 21. Kabinet aliran laminar laminar flow cabinet • Digunakan untuk mengelakkan kontaminasi semasa menjalankan aktiviti yang melibatkan tisu kultur dan mikrobiologi. This cabinet is used to avoid contamination when microbiological activities are carried out.
- 23. Kebuk Asap fume cupboard/fume chamber • Digunakan untuk menjalankan eksperimen yang melibatkan bahan yang mudah meruap, mudah terbakar, mengakis, beracun dan berbau. The fume chamber is used to carry out experiments that use substrates which are volatile, flammable, poisononous, corrosive or pungent.
- 24. P: T: S: R: Q:
- 25. Penyiram Kecemasan (Safety shower) & Pembilas Mata (Eyewash station)
- 26. 1.2 Pembungan Bahan Sisa Disposable of waste
- 27. Pembungan Bahan Sisa Disposable of waste • Terdapat 2 kategori: 1. Bahan boleh buang di dalam sinki. 2. Bahan tidak boleh dibuang dalam sinki.
- 28. 1.2.1 Bahan boleh buang di dalam sinki. Wastes that can be disposed into wash basins Bahan dengan jumlah pH antara 5 hingga 9. (Substances with pH value between 5 and 9) Cecair atau bahan yang berkepekatan rendah & tidak berbahaya. (Liquid or solution with low concentration and not hazardous)
- 30. 1.2.2 Bahan tidak boleh dibuang dalam sinki. Substances that cannot be disposed into wash basins • 1. Pepejal (Solid Waste) • 2.Bahan yang nilai Ph < 5 dan >9. • 3.Sebatian Pelarut Organik • 4. Bahan Kimia (Chemical Substance) • 5. Bahan Toksik • 6. Logam berat (Heavy Metal) • 7.Bahan Sisa Organik (bangkai) • 8. Bahan Bungan Radioaktif • 9. Bahan Meruap • 10. Bahan Reaktif
- 31. Acetone Ethanol Acids Gris- grease organic waste substances (carcasses) Oil paint
- 33. heavy metals
- 34. organic waste substances (microbes)
- 35. • Pepejal menyebabkan singki tersumbat (clogged). • Bahan kimia berbahaya akan mengalir ke sumber air (sungai). • Akan mencemarkan sumber air dan bahaya pada hidupan. (Water pollution) • Bangkai akan menyebabkan keracunan. • Logam berat meninggalkan kesan berbahaya diambil secara berlebihan. • Bahan tosik seperti merkuri menyebabkan keracunan. KENAPA?? WHY??
- 36. 1.2.3 Mengurus Bahan Sisa Biologi (Manage biological waste substances) • Bahan sisa biologi adalah bahan sisa daripada benda hidup yang boleh menyebabkan bahaya. Biological waste substances include disposed biological substances that can cause serious harm or biological hazards.
- 37. Prosedur Operasi Sisa Biologi Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) • Adalah prosedur yang digunakan untuk menguruskan pelupusan sisa biologi di dalam makmal. It is the procedure that is used for the purpose of managing biological waste substances in a laboratory.
- 40. 1.2.4 Langkah menguruskan bahan tumpahan kimia di makmal. Steps to handle accidents in the laboratory • LIHAT LATIHAN
- 42. 1. Inform the teacher or the laboratory assistant 4. Disposed of it safely 2. Make the spillage area a restricted zone 3. Stop the spillage from spreading by using sand to form a boundary
- 43. sulfur Fire
- 44. Steps in handling mercury spillage 1. Report to the teacher/laboratory assistants 4. Call the Fire Department 2. Make the spillage area as a restricted area 3. Sprinkle sulfur powder to cover the spillage
- 47. 1.3 Fire Extinguishers 1.3.1 Types of fire extinguishers: a) Water (red) – flammable solids : cloth, paper, wood… b) Foam (cream) – wood, paper, oil, paint, natural gas c) Carbon dioxide (black) – electrical appliances, gas and vapour d) Dry powder (blue) – extinguishes all types of fires
- 48. Other fire extinguishers: • ABC fire extinguisher • Fire blanket
- 52. wood/paper/cloth petrol/ diesel/ kerosone dry powder/foam/water dry powder/foam/carbon dioxide
- 53. 1. extinguish small or moderate fires/ extinguish fire on victims when wrapped around their body 2. kept in the place that easily to reach
- 54. HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER???? PASS TECHNIQUE
- 55. P A Pull
- 56. S S
- 57. 1.3.2 How to use a fire extinguisher • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUojO1H vC8c • How to Use a Fire Extinguisher • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58naKHq pCWo • How to Use a Fire Extinguisher Before You Need It | Consumer Reports
- 58. EXERCISE(LATIHAN) Jika kebakaran berpunca daripada lemak dan minyak masak, apakah jenis pemadam kebakaran yang sesuai digunakan? If the fire is caused by fat and cooking oil, what type of fire extinguisher is suitable to use? a. air dan buih (water and foam) b. buih dan serbuk kering (foam and dry powder c. buih (foam) d. serbuk kering dan karbon dioksida (dry powder and carbon dioxide)
- 59. EXERCISE(LATIHAN) Apakah kelebihan menggunakan pemadam kebakaran jenis ABC? What are the advantages of using an ABC type fire extinguisher? a. boleh menyelimutkan mangsa (can cover the victims) b. tidak berbahaya kepada manusia dan haiwan (harmless to human and animal) c. perlu selalu diselenggara(need to maintain) d. tidak tahan lama(non-durable)