![LATEX Mathematical Symbols
The more unusual symbols are not defined in base LATEX (NFSS) and require usepackage{amssymb}
1 Greek and Hebrew letters
α alpha κ kappa ψ psi digamma ∆ Delta Θ Theta
β beta λ lambda ρ rho ε varepsilon Γ Gamma Υ Upsilon
χ chi µ mu σ sigma κ varkappa Λ Lambda Ξ Xi
δ delta ν nu τ tau ϕ varphi Ω Omega
epsilon o o θ theta varpi Φ Phi ℵ aleph
η eta ω omega υ upsilon varrho Π Pi beth
γ gamma φ phi ξ xi ς varsigma Ψ Psi daleth
ι iota π pi ζ zeta ϑ vartheta Σ Sigma gimel
2 LATEX math constructs
abc
xyz frac{abc}{xyz} abc overline{abc}
−→
abc overrightarrow{abc}
f f’ abc underline{abc}
←−
abc overleftarrow{abc}
√
abc sqrt{abc} abc widehat{abc} abc overbrace{abc}
n
√
abc sqrt[n]{abc} abc widetilde{abc} abc underbrace{abc}
3 Delimiters
| | { { lfloor / / ⇑ Uparrow llcorner
| vert } } rfloor backslash ↑ uparrow lrcorner
| langle lceil [ [ ⇓ Downarrow ulcorner
Vert rangle rceil ] ] ↓ downarrow urcorner
Use the pair lefts1 and rights2 to match height of delimiters s1 and s2 to the height of their contents, e.g.,
left| expr right| left{ expr right} leftVert expr right.
4 Variable-sized symbols (displayed formulae show larger version)
sum int biguplus bigoplus bigvee
prod oint bigcap bigotimes bigwedge
coprod iint bigcup bigodot bigsqcup
5 Standard Function Names
Function names should appear in Roman, not Italic, e.g.,
Correct: tan(at-npi) −→ tan(at − nπ)
Incorrect: tan(at-npi) −→ tan(at − nπ)
arccos arccos arcsin arcsin arctan arctan arg arg
cos cos cosh cosh cot cot coth coth
csc csc deg deg det det dim dim
exp exp gcd gcd hom hom inf inf
ker ker lg lg lim lim lim inf liminf
lim sup limsup ln ln log log max max
min min Pr Pr sec sec sin sin
sinh sinh sup sup tan tan tanh tanh](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/latexsymbols-150514053430-lva1-app6892/85/La-tex-symbols-1-320.jpg)
![10 Array environment, examples
Simplest version: begin{array}{cols} row1 row2 . . . rowm end{array}
where cols includes one character [lrc] for each column (with optional characters | inserted for vertical lines)
and rowj includes character & a total of (n − 1) times to separate the n elements in the row. Examples:
left( begin{array}{cc} 2tau & 7phi-frac5{12}
3psi & frac{pi}8 end{array} right)
left( begin{array}{c} x y end{array} right)
mbox{~and~} left[ begin{array}{cc|r}
3 & 4 & 5 1 & 3 & 729 end{array} right]
2τ 7φ − 5
12
3ψ π
8
x
y
and
3 4 5
1 3 729
f(z) = left{ begin{array}{rcl}
overline{overline{z^2}+cos z} & mbox{for}
& |z|<3 0 & mbox{for} & 3leq|z|leq5
sinoverline{z} & mbox{for} & |z|>5
end{array}right.
f(z) =
z2 + cos z for |z| < 3
0 for 3 ≤ |z| ≤ 5
sin z for |z| > 5
11 Other Styles (math mode only)
Caligraphic letters: $mathcal{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Mathbb letters: $mathbb{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Mathfrak letters: $mathfrak{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3
Math Sans serif letters: $mathsf{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3
Math bold letters: $mathbf{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3
Math bold italic letters: define defmathbi#1{textbf{em #1}} then use $mathbi{A}$ etc.:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3
12 Font sizes
Math Mode:
f−1
(x − xa) dx ${displaystyle int f^{-1}(x-x_a),dx}$
f−1
(x − xa) dx ${textstyle int f^{-1}(x-x_a),dx}$
f−1
(x−xa) dx ${scriptstyle int f^{-1}(x-x_a),dx}$
f−1(x−xa) dx ${scriptscriptstyle int f^{-1}(x-x_a),dx}$
Text Mode:
tiny = smallest
scriptsize = very small
footnotesize = smaller
small = small
normalsize = normal
large = large
Large = Large
LARGE = LARGE
huge = huge
Huge = Huge
13 Text Mode: Accents and Symbols
´o ’{o} ¨o "{o} ˆo ^{o} `o ‘{o} ˜o ~{o} ¯o ={o} s. d s
˙o .{o} ˘o u{o} ˝o H{o} oo t{oo} ¸o c{o} o. d{o} ˚s r s
o
¯
b{o} ˚A AA ˚a aa ß ss ı i j ˝s H s
ø o s t s ˇs v s Ø O ¶ P § S
æ ae Æ AE † dag ‡ ddag c copyright £ pounds](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/latexsymbols-150514053430-lva1-app6892/85/La-tex-symbols-4-320.jpg)
La tex symbols
- 1. LATEX Mathematical Symbols The more unusual symbols are not defined in base LATEX (NFSS) and require usepackage{amssymb} 1 Greek and Hebrew letters α alpha κ kappa ψ psi digamma ∆ Delta Θ Theta β beta λ lambda ρ rho ε varepsilon Γ Gamma Υ Upsilon χ chi µ mu σ sigma κ varkappa Λ Lambda Ξ Xi δ delta ν nu τ tau ϕ varphi Ω Omega epsilon o o θ theta varpi Φ Phi ℵ aleph η eta ω omega υ upsilon varrho Π Pi beth γ gamma φ phi ξ xi ς varsigma Ψ Psi daleth ι iota π pi ζ zeta ϑ vartheta Σ Sigma gimel 2 LATEX math constructs abc xyz frac{abc}{xyz} abc overline{abc} −→ abc overrightarrow{abc} f f’ abc underline{abc} ←− abc overleftarrow{abc} √ abc sqrt{abc} abc widehat{abc} abc overbrace{abc} n √ abc sqrt[n]{abc} abc widetilde{abc} abc underbrace{abc} 3 Delimiters | | { { lfloor / / ⇑ Uparrow llcorner | vert } } rfloor backslash ↑ uparrow lrcorner | langle lceil [ [ ⇓ Downarrow ulcorner Vert rangle rceil ] ] ↓ downarrow urcorner Use the pair lefts1 and rights2 to match height of delimiters s1 and s2 to the height of their contents, e.g., left| expr right| left{ expr right} leftVert expr right. 4 Variable-sized symbols (displayed formulae show larger version) sum int biguplus bigoplus bigvee prod oint bigcap bigotimes bigwedge coprod iint bigcup bigodot bigsqcup 5 Standard Function Names Function names should appear in Roman, not Italic, e.g., Correct: tan(at-npi) −→ tan(at − nπ) Incorrect: tan(at-npi) −→ tan(at − nπ) arccos arccos arcsin arcsin arctan arctan arg arg cos cos cosh cosh cot cot coth coth csc csc deg deg det det dim dim exp exp gcd gcd hom hom inf inf ker ker lg lg lim lim lim inf liminf lim sup limsup ln ln log log max max min min Pr Pr sec sec sin sin sinh sinh sup sup tan tan tanh tanh
- 2. 6 Binary Operation/Relation Symbols ∗ ast ± pm ∩ cap lhd star mp ∪ cup rhd · cdot amalg uplus triangleleft ◦ circ odot sqcap triangleright • bullet ominus sqcup unlhd bigcirc ⊕ oplus ∧ wedge unrhd diamond oslash ∨ vee bigtriangledown × times ⊗ otimes † dagger bigtriangleup ÷ div wr ‡ ddagger setminus centerdot Box barwedge veebar circledast boxplus curlywedge curlyvee circledcirc boxminus Cap Cup circleddash boxtimes ⊥ bot top dotplus boxdot intercal rightthreetimes divideontimes square doublebarwedge leftthreetimes ≡ equiv ≤ leq ≥ geq ⊥ perp ∼= cong prec succ | mid = neq preceq succeq parallel ∼ sim ll gg bowtie simeq ⊂ subset ⊃ supset Join ≈ approx ⊆ subseteq ⊇ supseteq ltimes asymp sqsubset sqsupset rtimes . = doteq sqsubseteq sqsupseteq smile ∝ propto dashv vdash frown |= models ∈ in ni /∈ notin approxeq leqq geqq lessgtr ∼ thicksim leqslant geqslant lesseqgtr backsim lessapprox gtrapprox lesseqqgtr backsimeq lll ggg gtreqqless triangleq lessdot gtrdot gtreqless circeq lesssim gtrsim gtrless bumpeq eqslantless eqslantgtr backepsilon Bumpeq precsim succsim between doteqdot precapprox succapprox pitchfork ≈ thickapprox Subset Supset shortmid fallingdotseq subseteqq supseteqq smallfrown risingdotseq sqsubset sqsupset smallsmile ∝ varpropto preccurlyeq succcurlyeq Vdash ∴ therefore curlyeqprec curlyeqsucc vDash because blacktriangleleft blacktriangleright Vvdash eqcirc trianglelefteq trianglerighteq shortparallel = neq vartriangleleft vartriangleright nshortparallel ncong nleq ngeq nsubseteq nmid nleqq ngeqq nsupseteq nparallel nleqslant ngeqslant nsubseteqq nshortmid nless ngtr nsupseteqq nshortparallel nprec nsucc subsetneq nsim npreceq nsucceq supsetneq nVDash precnapprox succnapprox subsetneqq nvDash precnsim succnsim supsetneqq nvdash lnapprox gnapprox varsubsetneq ntriangleleft lneq gneq varsupsetneq ntrianglelefteq lneqq gneqq varsubsetneqq ntriangleright lnsim gnsim varsupsetneqq ntrianglerighteq lvertneqq gvertneqq
- 3. 7 Arrow symbols ← leftarrow ←− longleftarrow ↑ uparrow ⇐ Leftarrow ⇐= Longleftarrow ⇑ Uparrow → rightarrow −→ longrightarrow ↓ downarrow ⇒ Rightarrow =⇒ Longrightarrow ⇓ Downarrow ↔ leftrightarrow ←→ longleftrightarrow updownarrow ⇔ Leftrightarrow ⇐⇒ Longleftrightarrow Updownarrow → mapsto −→ longmapsto nearrow ← hookleftarrow → hookrightarrow searrow leftharpoonup rightharpoonup swarrow leftharpoondown rightharpoondown nwarrow rightleftharpoons leadsto dashrightarrow dashleftarrow leftleftarrows leftrightarrows Lleftarrow twoheadleftarrow leftarrowtail looparrowleft leftrightharpoons curvearrowleft circlearrowleft Lsh upuparrows upharpoonleft downharpoonleft multimap leftrightsquigarrow rightrightarrows rightleftarrows rightrightarrows rightleftarrows twoheadrightarrow rightarrowtail looparrowright rightleftharpoons curvearrowright circlearrowright Rsh downdownarrows upharpoonright downharpoonright rightsquigarrow nleftarrow nrightarrow nLeftarrow nRightarrow nleftrightarrow nLeftrightarrow 8 Miscellaneous symbols ∞ infty ∀ forall k Bbbk ℘ wp nabla ∃ exists bigstar ∠ angle ∂ partial nexists diagdown measuredangle ð eth ∅ emptyset diagup sphericalangle ♣ clubsuit ∅ varnothing ♦ Diamond complement ♦ diamondsuit ı imath Finv triangledown ♥ heartsuit jmath Game triangle ♠ spadesuit ell hbar vartriangle · · · cdots iiiint hslash blacklozenge ... vdots iiint ♦ lozenge blacksquare . . . ldots iint mho blacktriangle ... ddots sharp prime blacktrinagledown Im flat square backprime Re natural √ surd circledS 9 Math mode accents ´a acute{a} ¯a bar{a} ´´A Acute{Acute{A}} ¯¯A Bar{Bar{A}} ˘a breve{a} ˇa check{a} ˘˘A Breve{Breve{A}} ˇˇA Check{Check{A}} ¨a ddot{a} ˙a dot{a} ¨¨A Ddot{Ddot{A}} ˙˙A Dot{Dot{A}} `a grave{a} ˆa hat{a} ``A Grave{Grave{A}} ˆˆA Hat{Hat{A}} ˜a tilde{a} a vec{a} ˜˜A Tilde{Tilde{A}} A Vec{Vec{A}}
- 4. 10 Array environment, examples Simplest version: begin{array}{cols} row1 row2 . . . rowm end{array} where cols includes one character [lrc] for each column (with optional characters | inserted for vertical lines) and rowj includes character & a total of (n − 1) times to separate the n elements in the row. Examples: left( begin{array}{cc} 2tau & 7phi-frac5{12} 3psi & frac{pi}8 end{array} right) left( begin{array}{c} x y end{array} right) mbox{~and~} left[ begin{array}{cc|r} 3 & 4 & 5 1 & 3 & 729 end{array} right] 2τ 7φ − 5 12 3ψ π 8 x y and 3 4 5 1 3 729 f(z) = left{ begin{array}{rcl} overline{overline{z^2}+cos z} & mbox{for} & |z|<3 0 & mbox{for} & 3leq|z|leq5 sinoverline{z} & mbox{for} & |z|>5 end{array}right. f(z) = z2 + cos z for |z| < 3 0 for 3 ≤ |z| ≤ 5 sin z for |z| > 5 11 Other Styles (math mode only) Caligraphic letters: $mathcal{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Mathbb letters: $mathbb{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Mathfrak letters: $mathfrak{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3 Math Sans serif letters: $mathsf{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3 Math bold letters: $mathbf{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3 Math bold italic letters: define defmathbi#1{textbf{em #1}} then use $mathbi{A}$ etc.: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3 12 Font sizes Math Mode: f−1 (x − xa) dx ${displaystyle int f^{-1}(x-x_a),dx}$ f−1 (x − xa) dx ${textstyle int f^{-1}(x-x_a),dx}$ f−1 (x−xa) dx ${scriptstyle int f^{-1}(x-x_a),dx}$ f−1(x−xa) dx ${scriptscriptstyle int f^{-1}(x-x_a),dx}$ Text Mode: tiny = smallest scriptsize = very small footnotesize = smaller small = small normalsize = normal large = large Large = Large LARGE = LARGE huge = huge Huge = Huge 13 Text Mode: Accents and Symbols ´o ’{o} ¨o "{o} ˆo ^{o} `o ‘{o} ˜o ~{o} ¯o ={o} s. d s ˙o .{o} ˘o u{o} ˝o H{o} oo t{oo} ¸o c{o} o. d{o} ˚s r s o ¯ b{o} ˚A AA ˚a aa ß ss ı i j ˝s H s ø o s t s ˇs v s Ø O ¶ P § S æ ae Æ AE † dag ‡ ddag c copyright £ pounds