Lampeter sliseshare
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The document discusses the digitization of scholarly resources in the field of classics, highlighting its benefits for research, accessibility, and preservation of historical materials. It outlines various types of materials that can be digitized, challenges related to legacy formats and metadata, and methods to enhance and optimize digital images. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of planning digitization projects to meet user needs while addressing the costs and sustainability of such initiatives.
Lampeter sliseshare
- 1. Digitising Scholarly Resources for Classics University of Lampeter, Department of Classics Research Seminars (2012) Simon Mahony s.mahony@ucl.ac.uk All original content is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License
- 2. Why do resources become digital? A research and publication tool To spread work more widely To allow access to material otherwise unavailable Heavily used material Storage medium is deteriorating Allow measurement and monitoring of deterioration e.g. monuments, paintings, manuscripts Reconstruct (and re-unite) texts Reunite artifacts (sculpture)
- 3. What can we digitise for publication? List is as long as your imagination: Teaching slides (35 mm / Glass plate) Special Collections (Rare Books) Books (Aphrodisias and Rome) Documents (Bentham project) Newspapers (British Library) Manuscripts (Wellcome Trust) Photographs (Library of Congress) Museum catalogues (British Museum collections) Sculpture (UCL and British Museum) Papyri (Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri) Epigraphy (Inscriptions of Aphrodisias)
- 4. Rene Margritte: La trahison des images (image from Wikimedia) Image: Simon Mahony
- 5. Legacy data Problems Problems Problems Generally not in the form that we wish Material Format (even when legacy material is digital) Metadata
- 6. MOLAS archive: image Simon Mahony
- 7. MOLAS archive: image Simon Mahony
- 8. Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (cf. OED) A box of dictionary slips with excerpts for the word 'non'. http://www.thesaurus.badw.de/english/index.htm
- 11. Post processing Optimisation vs enhancement Enhance the image: looks good to the eye Cropping / levels / colour etc Optimise the image: take account of the environment in which it is delivered File format / file size / resolution See JISC Digital Media: guide to best practice Always archive uncompressed master files Always work on a copy not the original Document EVERYTHING Include ALL METADATA
- 12. Scanning devices? Smart phone Digital compact Digital SLR Flatbed scanner Sheet-feeder Document scanner 3D: Faro portable: http://www.faro.com/focus/us Arius fixed: http://www.arius3d.com/
- 13. Scanback camera Image: Simon Mahony
- 14. Scanback camera Image: Simon Mahony
- 15. Instant capture camera Image: Simon Mahony
- 17. Digitisation in action Image: Simon Mahony
- 18. Digitisation in action Image: Simon Mahony
- 19. Dedicated book scanner Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_Archive_book_scanner_1.jpg Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic licence.
- 20. Faro portable laser scanner Image: Simon Mahony Image courtesy of Ryan Baumann (Kentucky)
- 25. At the British Museum: Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities Image courtesy of Ryan Baumann (Kentucky)
- 26. Image: EDUCE courtesy of Ryan Baumann (Kentucky)
- 27. EDUCE: Enhanced Digital Unwrapping for Conservation and Exploration "Often, any attempt to read fragile texts, such as papyrus rolls, fundamentally and irreversibly alters the structure of the object in which they are contained. The EDUCE project is developing a non-destructive volumetric scanning framework to enable access to such objects without the need to physically open them." http://www.digitalclassicist.org/wip/wip2008-02bs.html
- 28. Philodemus Project UCLA Carbonised scrolls from Herculaneum http://www.classics.ucla.edu/index.php/philodemus
- 29. With thanks for the image to Ryan Baumann (Kentucky)
- 30. With thanks for the image to Ryan Baumann (Kentucky)
- 31. Laser scanning at the Petrie Museum (UCL) Image: Simon Mahony
- 32. Online text library Text and morphological tools Perseus Digital Library Online communication and dissemination The Stoa Consortium EDUCE Pleiades Suda On Line Stoa Image Gallery Epidoc Guidelines
- 33. Images to text Optical Character Recognition Sheet feeder Time saver Accuracy? Typical < 99% Source material? Non-Latin characters? Re-keying Outsource Overcome difficulties with text Advantages and disadvantages of both Cost vs accuracy
- 34. Re-keying Labour intensive and so high cost Much higher accuracy than OCR Use non-Latin character language operators Double keying with software to compare Basic textual encoding XML can be added at low additional cost
- 35. Digitisation? User? Fit for purpose? Time consuming and costly operation Where (and who) are the users? What is it that they want? Have you asked? Costs: Maintenance Sustainability upgrade Digitise once only or re-digitise every few years as it gets cheaper? (measure deterioration of source material) Access to material (manuscript)?
- 36. In-house or outsource? In-house Build up expertise small project rare material and fragile material Outsourcing text Economy of scale = lower cost per item/unit Send images rather than originals Much basic markup can be added automatically
- 37. Text or image or both? Image 息 British Library www.bl.ac.uk The Tyger, William Blake. Songs of Innocence and of Experience, copy AA, 1826 (The Fitzwilliam Museum): electronic edition object 42 (Bentley 42, Erdman 42, Keynes 42)
- 38. Plan your digitisation project What is the need? What is your source material? What are your project goals? Who are your users? Understand your audience Why are you digitising? What value are you adding? What resources and money are available? Determine what method would be best Plan most effective route How will you make the product available? Above all: what is the need? If you cant answer this, why bother with the project?
- 39. Plan your project Excellent project? Low cost? Fast? Choose 2 as you cant have all three! Selection process: Everything (sometime easiest) Most used Understand your users Preservation and sustainability
- 40. Useful links Library Preservation at Harvard http://preserve.harvard.edu/resources/digital.html Cornell University Library: Moving Theory Intro Practice: Digital Imaging Tutorial http://www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/tutorial/ Technical Advisory Service for Images Was www.tasi.ac.uk Now: JISC Digital Media http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/
- 41. Other scanning techniques PTM: Polynomial Texture Mapping Displays object under varying lighting conditions Name derives from developer of the algorithm Tom Malzbender of HP labs (2001) RTI: Reflectance Transformation Imaging Methods for surface reflectance information Fixed object and camera, varying lighting Implementation by using PTM
- 42. Lighting dome RTI fixed camera light array Image: Wessex Archaeology http://www.wessexarch.co.uk/computing/ptm
- 43. Preparing to image Roman mummy portrait at British Museum (photo: Hembo Pagi) Image: Crowther & Piquette http://www.digitalclassicist.org/wip/wip2011-01kp.html See also: Reflectance Transformation Imaging Systems for Ancient Documentary Artefacts project
- 44. H-RTI Highlight-based RTI Fixed camera Handheld light source Reflective sphere Image: Crowther & Piquette http://www.digitalclassicist.org/wip/wip2011-01kp.html Cultural heritage training (photo: Hembo Pagi)
- 45. H-RTI Egyptian limestone ostraca gyptisches Museum Berlin Image: Crowther & Piquette http://www.digitalclassicist.org/wip/wip2011-01kp.html
- 46. H-RTI Ashmolean Oxford Image: Crowther & Piquette http://www.digitalclassicist.org/wip/wip2011-01kp.html (photo :Hembo Pagi)
- 47. Highlight-based RTI onsite. Libyan desert rock art Image: Crowther & Piquette http://www.digitalclassicist.org/wip/wip2011-01kp.html
- 48. H-RTI on Large Inscribed Surfaces H-RTI of inscription in carved relief above doorway Old Kingdom tomb, QH35f Dr. Kathryn E. Piquette (kathryn.piquette@fu-berlin.de) Writing Matters, 8 November 2012
- 49. Reflectance Transformation Imaging RTI example (video): illuminated manuscript EDUCE project for the digital unrolling of scrolls The University of Kentucky Center for Visualization & Virtual Environments Video clips: EDUCE: Reading the Unreadable EDUCE: Imaging the Herculaneum Scrolls Brent Seales: EDUCE: Non-invasive scanning for classical materials
- 50. See also: Polynomial Texture Mapping (PTM) HP Labs Reflection Transformation Imaging (RTI) Archaeological Computing Research Group SOTON Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) System for Ancient Documentary Artefacts Digital Classicist seminar series Developing a Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) System for Inscription Documentation in Museum Collections and the Field
- 51. The National Archives Image: Simon Mahony
- 52. Doomsday Book Image: Simon Mahony
- 53. Doomsday Book Image: Simon Mahony
- 54. The Doomsday Disc Image: Simon Mahony
- 55. Examples of digitisation projects at UCLDH Transcribe Bentham Reassembling the Thera Frescoes The Great Parchment Book Research students working with digitisation: Greta Franzini (Augustine's De Civitate Dei) Paul Gooding (Mass digitisation with BL) John Hindmarch (Science Museum collections) Kazim Pal (Great Parchment Book) Alejandro Giacometti (imaging ancient documents) Christina Vona (Documentation of 3D scanning)
- 56. Crowdsourcing Term often used when the content is generated or added to by users of a resource rather than the creators of that resource. Transcribe Bentham http://www.ucl.ac.uk/transcribe-bentham See also the recent initiative by the AHRC: Crowd Sourcing Study http://crowds.cerch.kcl.ac.uk
- 57. Gated crowdsourcing Core editing interface Multiple editorial boards Decentred, transparent, communal control Suda Online SoSOL community editing Pleiades, 'A community-built gazetter and graph of ancient places' Pelagios 'Enable Linked Ancient Geodata In Open Systems'
- 58. With thanks for the image to Ryan Baumann (Kentucky)
- 59. With thanks for the image to Ryan Baumann (Kentucky)
- 60. Hide the tech IDP: Papyrological Editor Tag-free editing (Leiden+) IDP video: Centre for Visualization & Virtual Environments Transcribe Bentham Not an angle bracket in sight Committed transcribers
- 62. Print vs online Aphrodisias and Rome (SPRS 1982), J.Reynolds 230 inscriptions 30 B/W plates of photographs Aphrodisias in Late Antiquity (SPRS 1989) CWR Aphrodisias in Late Antiquity (ala2004) direct reprint of above (approx 20 more texts) approx 250 inscriptions Inscriptions of Aphrodisias (IAph2007) approx 1600 inscriptions 3,000+ images
- 65. Classics at Furman The British Library Papyrus of the Constitution of the Athenians http://furman-classics.blogspot.co.uk/ The Greek Manuscripts Digitisation Project BL http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/About.aspx
- 69. National Library of Wales Prof Lorna Hughes lorna.hughes@llgc.org.uk Chair in Digital Collections ESF Network: NeDiMAH Network for Digital Methods in the Arts and Humanities The Welsh Experience of WW1 1914-1918 The Snows of Yesteryear
- 80. Bibliography Deegan and Tanner (2002) Digital Futures: Strategies for the Information Age. Facet, London. Hughes L. (2004) Digitizing collections: strategic issues for the information manager, Facet. Hughes, L. (2012). Evaluating & Measuring the Value, Use and Impact of Digital Collections. Facet. Terras M. (2008) Digital Images for the Information Professional, Ashgate.
- 81. Additional bibliography Stuart Dunn & Simon Mahony eds., Digital Classicist Supplement: Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Wiley-Blackwell (forthcoming 2012-13) Baumann R., 'The Son of Suda On-Line'. Mahony S., 'Hum際際滷s on Flickr: using an online community platform to host and enhance an image collection'
- 82. http://wiki.digitalclassicist.org/User :GabrielBodard Simon Mahony s.mahony@ucl.ac.uk http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dis/people/simonmahony http://wiki.digitalclassicist.org/User:SimonMahony
Editor's Notes
- #44: Kathryn preparing to image Roman mummy portrait for conservators in the British Museum. Photo was taken by Hembo Pagi, imaging made possible by the AHRC via the Reflectance Transformation Imaging Systems for Ancient Documentary Artefacts project <http://ewic.bcs.org/content/ConWebDoc/40587>
- #46: Me undertaking highlight RTI on an Egyptian limestone ostraca in the papyrus collection at the artefact stores of the gyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung in Berlin.
- #47: Highlight RTI set up in the Ashmolean Museum. The target object is the stone 'stela' (term?) to the right of the column...illustrating how flexible H-RTI is...also a sphinx in the was and the wall makes a right angle. Nevertheless, it was possible to get a good result and more legible image of the 'stela'. photo taken by Hembo Pagi