This document describes applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the aerodynamic flow over an ONERA M6 wing. It discusses modeling the wing geometry in CAD software, generating a hexahedral mesh, and simulating the flow in Fluent to validate results against experimental data. Key results include lift and drag coefficients that match the NASA CFD data to within 7.73% and 5.9% error respectively. Pressure coefficient plots along the wing also show good agreement with reference data. The course aims to teach best practices for CFD analysis and validation using the ONERA M6 wing test case.
Lecture 16b Chemical Reactions and CombustionSijal Ahmed
油
1. Theoretical and actual combustion processes can result in either complete or incomplete combustion depending on factors like oxygen availability, mixing, and dissociation.
2. Stoichiometric or theoretical air is the minimum amount of air needed for complete combustion of a fuel. More air results in excess air and a fuel-lean mixture while less air creates a fuel-rich mixture.
3. Equivalence ratio compares the actual fuel-air ratio to the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio, with a ratio of 1 representing stoichiometric combustion.
Lecture 15d - Air conditioning processes Sijal Ahmed
油
This document discusses air conditioning processes including simple heating, simple cooling, humidification, and dehumidification. It provides equations for the energy balance of these processes and describes how they are combined to bring air to desired temperature and humidity conditions. Specific examples covered include heating with humidification, cooling with dehumidification, evaporative cooling, adiabatic mixing of air streams, and wet cooling towers.
The document discusses psychrometric charts which graphically represent all the properties of atmospheric air, including temperature, humidity, and other properties, on a single chart that is usually at 1 atmospheric pressure. Psychrometric charts allow users to easily see the relationships between different air properties and perform calculations involving changes in conditions like heating and cooling of air.
The document discusses vapor-gas mixtures and air conditioning. It defines key temperature measurements including dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, and dew point temperature. Wet bulb temperature is the temperature air would reach if cooled by evaporation until saturated. Dew point is the saturation temperature corresponding to vapor pressure. The document also examines adiabatic saturation temperature, which is the temperature of air at 100% relative humidity after passing through a long channel without heat transfer. It notes that adiabatic saturation temperature and wet bulb temperature are almost equal numerically for common applications.
Dry air and water vapor combine to form atmospheric air. The pressure of the dry air and water vapor pressure together make up the total pressure of the air mixture. Specific humidity is the ratio of mass of water vapor to total mass of air, while relative humidity is the ratio of actual water vapor pressure to saturation water vapor pressure. The enthalpy of atmospheric air depends on the enthalpies of dry air and water vapor as well as their relative quantities based on specific and relative humidity.
Thermodynamics II course taught at air university Islamabad by Sijal Ahmed. In this lecture we have discussed about the gas-gas mixtures in very much details including how to find out the different thermodynamics properties for mixtures.
This document discusses gas mixtures and thermodynamics. It covers applying mass and energy balances to find mass flow rates of gases like oxygen. Mole fractions of dry air and oxygen are also covered. Homework problems are assigned related to these topics.
This document discusses the Brayton cycle which models the ideal thermodynamic cycle of operations for gas turbine engines. It describes the open and closed Brayton cycles, efficiency calculations, and ways to improve upon the basic cycle through additions like regeneration, intercooling, and reheating. Regeneration involves using exhaust heat to preheat incoming air, intercooling cools air between compressor stages, and reheating adds more fuel after the turbine to provide extra energy.
This document discusses thermodynamics cycles and provides information on ideal vs actual cycles, air standard assumptions, and the Carnot cycle. The Carnot cycle is described as an ideal thermodynamic cycle that achieves maximum possible efficiency. Derivations and an example are provided to illustrate the Carnot cycle.
This document provides an introduction to thermodynamics II, covering several key concepts:
- It defines different types of energy including kinetic, gravitational, chemical, nuclear, elastic, thermal, and electric energy.
- It introduces the first law of thermodynamics regarding heat, work, and internal energy in closed and open systems.
- It discusses two-phase systems and using steam tables to find properties like specific volume and entropy at various temperatures and pressures.
- It covers the second law of thermodynamics regarding heat engines and the Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements on entropy and the impossibility of converting heat fully into work in a cyclic process.
Solution of quiz 2 for the power plant engineering course offered at department of mechanical & aerospace engineering, IAA, Air University for the session spring 2015.
This is the question no 4 in chapter one exercise from P K Nag book on Power Plant Engineering.
For help in any engineering subject contact at farcfd@gmail.com
This document contains 4 questions regarding thermodynamics assignments on topics like cogeneration power plants, combined gas-steam power cycles, refrigeration cycles, and isentropic nozzle flow of carbon dioxide. Question 1 involves a cogeneration plant with reheat and asks to draw a T-s diagram and determine the heat input and steam extraction fraction. Question 2 involves a combined gas-steam cycle and asks to determine moisture content, steam temperatures, net power output, and efficiency. Question 3 involves a refrigeration cycle and asks to determine quality, refrigeration load, COP, and theoretical maximum load. Question 4 involves isentropic nozzle flow of CO2 and asks to calculate properties at different pressures and comment on how increasing inlet pressure
This document contains three thermodynamics assignment questions about ideal cycles:
1) A Brayton cycle with air has its pressure ratio doubled from 6 to 12, requiring calculations of the change in net work output and thermal efficiency.
2) An Otto cycle with air operating between 98 kPa and 27属C is analyzed, requiring calculations of heat input, net work output, thermal efficiency, and mean effective pressure.
3) A Rankine cycle steam plant with regeneration and reheating is modeled on a T-s diagram, requiring calculations of extraction fraction, thermal efficiency, and net power output.
Absract usman t106_a_wake_asmeturboexpo2015_final_sijalSijal Ahmed
油
This document discusses methods for improving the efficiency of low pressure turbines (LPT) in modern turbofan engines. LPT efficiency directly impacts overall engine efficiency, so increasing LPT efficiency by 1% can increase total engine efficiency by 1%. One way to improve LPT efficiency is to increase the loading on the turbine blades, but beyond a certain point this causes separation of the air from the blade surfaces. Both active and passive methods are used to control this separation, but they have disadvantages like added complexity, losses, and costs. The document proposes studying the effect of wakes from upstream non-axisymmetric vortex generator (NGV) blades on separation in the LPT blades, as these wakes may help control separation more effectively. It valid
This document discusses gas mixtures and thermodynamics. It covers applying mass and energy balances to find mass flow rates of gases like oxygen. Mole fractions of dry air and oxygen are also covered. Homework problems are assigned related to these topics.
This document discusses the Brayton cycle which models the ideal thermodynamic cycle of operations for gas turbine engines. It describes the open and closed Brayton cycles, efficiency calculations, and ways to improve upon the basic cycle through additions like regeneration, intercooling, and reheating. Regeneration involves using exhaust heat to preheat incoming air, intercooling cools air between compressor stages, and reheating adds more fuel after the turbine to provide extra energy.
This document discusses thermodynamics cycles and provides information on ideal vs actual cycles, air standard assumptions, and the Carnot cycle. The Carnot cycle is described as an ideal thermodynamic cycle that achieves maximum possible efficiency. Derivations and an example are provided to illustrate the Carnot cycle.
This document provides an introduction to thermodynamics II, covering several key concepts:
- It defines different types of energy including kinetic, gravitational, chemical, nuclear, elastic, thermal, and electric energy.
- It introduces the first law of thermodynamics regarding heat, work, and internal energy in closed and open systems.
- It discusses two-phase systems and using steam tables to find properties like specific volume and entropy at various temperatures and pressures.
- It covers the second law of thermodynamics regarding heat engines and the Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements on entropy and the impossibility of converting heat fully into work in a cyclic process.
Solution of quiz 2 for the power plant engineering course offered at department of mechanical & aerospace engineering, IAA, Air University for the session spring 2015.
This is the question no 4 in chapter one exercise from P K Nag book on Power Plant Engineering.
For help in any engineering subject contact at farcfd@gmail.com
This document contains 4 questions regarding thermodynamics assignments on topics like cogeneration power plants, combined gas-steam power cycles, refrigeration cycles, and isentropic nozzle flow of carbon dioxide. Question 1 involves a cogeneration plant with reheat and asks to draw a T-s diagram and determine the heat input and steam extraction fraction. Question 2 involves a combined gas-steam cycle and asks to determine moisture content, steam temperatures, net power output, and efficiency. Question 3 involves a refrigeration cycle and asks to determine quality, refrigeration load, COP, and theoretical maximum load. Question 4 involves isentropic nozzle flow of CO2 and asks to calculate properties at different pressures and comment on how increasing inlet pressure
This document contains three thermodynamics assignment questions about ideal cycles:
1) A Brayton cycle with air has its pressure ratio doubled from 6 to 12, requiring calculations of the change in net work output and thermal efficiency.
2) An Otto cycle with air operating between 98 kPa and 27属C is analyzed, requiring calculations of heat input, net work output, thermal efficiency, and mean effective pressure.
3) A Rankine cycle steam plant with regeneration and reheating is modeled on a T-s diagram, requiring calculations of extraction fraction, thermal efficiency, and net power output.
Absract usman t106_a_wake_asmeturboexpo2015_final_sijalSijal Ahmed
油
This document discusses methods for improving the efficiency of low pressure turbines (LPT) in modern turbofan engines. LPT efficiency directly impacts overall engine efficiency, so increasing LPT efficiency by 1% can increase total engine efficiency by 1%. One way to improve LPT efficiency is to increase the loading on the turbine blades, but beyond a certain point this causes separation of the air from the blade surfaces. Both active and passive methods are used to control this separation, but they have disadvantages like added complexity, losses, and costs. The document proposes studying the effect of wakes from upstream non-axisymmetric vortex generator (NGV) blades on separation in the LPT blades, as these wakes may help control separation more effectively. It valid
About:
A helium boosting and decanting system is typically used in various industrial applications, particularly in the production and handling of gases, including helium including leak test of reciprocating cylinder. Heres a brief overview of its components and functions:
Components
1. Helium Storage Tanks: High-pressure tanks that store helium@ 150 bars.
2. Boosting Pumps: Designed to boost helium pressure up to 150 bar, ensuring efficient flow throughout the system.
3. Decanting Unit: Separates liquid helium from gas, facilitating decanting at pressures of up to 2 bars.
4. Pressure Regulators: Maintain and control the pressure of helium during transport.
5. Control Valves: automatic control valve is provided for the flow and direction of helium through the system.
6. Piping and Fittings: High-quality, corrosion-resistant materials for safe transport.
Functions
Boosting Pressure: The system boosts helium pressure up to 150 bar for various applications.
Decanting: Safely decants helium, separating liquid from gas at pressures of up to 2 bar.
Safety Measures: Equipped with relief valves and emergency shut-off systems to handle high pressures safely.
Monitoring and Control: Sensors and automated controls monitor pressure and flow rates.
Application:
Cryogenics: Cooling superconducting magnets in MRI machines and particle accelerators.
Welding: Used as a shielding gas in welding processes.
Research: Crucial for various scientific applications, including laboratories and space exploration.
Key Features:
Helium Storage & Boosting System
Decanting System
Pressure Regulation & Monitoring
Valves & Flow Control
Filtration & Safety Components
Structural & Material Specifications
Automation & Electrical Components
How to Build a Speed Sensor using Arduino?CircuitDigest
油
Learn how to measure speed using IR sensors in this simple DIY project. This tutorial cover circuit diagram, Sensor calibration and speed calculations and optimized Arduino code for real time speed measurements.
Biases, our brain and software developmentMatias Iacono
油
Quick presentation about cognitive biases, classic psychological researches and quite new papers that displays how those biases might be impacting software developers.