Lesson 06 : OOP and Access modifier
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Actionscript 3 l¨¤ m?t ng?n ng? h??ng ??i t??ng (OOP). V?i nh?ng h?c vi¨ºn ?? t?ng s? d?ng m?t ng?n ng? l?p tr¨¬nh kh¨¢c nh? Java th¨¬ n?i dung b¨¤i s? l¨¤ kim ch? nam cho vi?c t¨¬m hi?u v? c?u tr¨²c AS3 v¨¤ thao t¨¢c v?i c¨¢c th? vi?n api c?a AS3. V?i nh?ng h?c vi¨ºn m?i, h?y c? g?ng nh? v¨¤ hi?u theo c¨¢ch c?a b?n, v¨¬ 4 b¨¤i ti?p theo c¨¢c b?n s? d?n d?n hi?u v¨¤ n?m ???c.
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Lesson 06 : OOP and Access modifier
- 1. 1. Kh¨¢i ni?m l?p tr¨¬nh h??ng ??i t??ng 2. Th¨¤nh ph?n ch¨ªnh v¨¤ c¨¢c ??c t¨ªnh c? b?n c?a l?p tr¨¬nh h??ng ??i t??ng. 3. C?u tr¨²c Class v¨¤ c¨¢ch t?o m?t Object 4. Access modifier
- 2. Kh¨¢i ni?m l?p tr¨¬nh h??ng ??i t??ng
- 3. ? Trong th? gi?i th?c, m?i th? ??u t?n t?i ??c l?p, c¨® t¨ªnh ch?t ??c tr?ng, kh? n?ng ri¨ºng bi?t v¨¤ c¨® th? t??ng t¨¢c l?n nhau
- 4. L?p: con ng??i Thu?c t¨ªnh: chi?u cao, c?n n?ng¡ H¨¤nh ??ng: l¨¢i xe, ?i b?, ch?y¡. L?p: xe m¨¢y Thu?c t¨ªnh: dung t¨ªch xi lanh, lo?i xe¡ H¨¤nh ??ng: ch?y, h¨² c¨°i, phanh¡ H¨¤nh ??ng l¨¢i xe g?i t?i h¨¤nh ??ng ch?y c?a xe H¨¤nh ??ng ch?y c?a xe l¨¤m thay ??i v? tr¨ª v¨¤ t?c ?? c?a c? ng??i v¨¤ xe G?i h¨¤nh ??ng l¨¢i xe C¨¢c ??i t??ng l¨¤ ch¨¬a kh¨®a ?? n?m b?t ???c kh¨¢i ni?m l?p tr¨¬nh h??ng ??i t??ng.
- 5. ? S? t??ng t¨¢c gi?a c¨¢c ??i t??ng th??ng mang t¨ªnh ph? thu?c T?i c¨® th? l¨¢i, nh?ng m¨¤ kh?ng c¨® xe T?i c¨® th? ch?y nh?ng kh?ng c¨® ng??i l¨¢i
- 6. ? M?t c¨¢ch gi?n l??c, OOP l¨¤ ph??ng ph¨¢p l?p tr¨¬nh l?y c¨¢c ??i t??ng l¨¤m trung t?m. ? ??y l¨¤ ph??ng ph¨¢p gi¨²p cho t? duy l?p tr¨¬nh g?n v?i cu?c s?ng th?c, ??n gi?n v¨¤ d? d¨¤ng h?n.
- 7. Th¨¤nh ph?n ch¨ªnh v¨¤ c¨¢c ??c t¨ªnh c? b?n c?a l?p tr¨¬nh h??ng ??i t??ng.
- 8. ? Th¨¤nh ph?n ch¨ªnh : ¨C Class (l?p): C¨® th? coi nh? l¨¤ m?t khu?n m?u ?? t?o ra c¨¢c ?? v?t. N?u khu?n c¨® h¨¬nh tr¨°n th¨¬ m?i v?t t?o ra t? khu?n s? ??u c¨® h¨¬nh tr¨°n v.v.. ¨C Object (??i t??ng): C¨® th? coi l¨¤ m?t ?? v?t t?o ra t? khu?n. Ngo¨¤i c¨¢c ??c ?i?m s?n c¨® khi ???c t?o ra (h¨¬nh tr¨°n) th¨¬ c¨°n c¨® th¨ºm nh?ng ??c ?i?m kh¨¢c nhau nh? m¨¤u s?c, hoa v?n (???c th¨ºm v¨¤o sau khi ?? v?t ???c t?o)
- 9. ? Class L¨¤ nh?ng m? t? t?ng quan v? s? t?n t?i c?a m?t ki?u ??i t??ng bao g?m thu?c t¨ªnh, t¨ªnh ch?t v¨¤ kh? n?ng ??c tr?ng hay h¨¤nh vi c?a m?t ki?u ??i t??ng (gi?ng nh? s? ??nh ngh?a v? c¨¢c l?p hay lo¨¤i trong t? nhi¨ºn)
- 10. ? Object: L¨¤ nh?ng ??i t??ng th?c ???c s? d?ng trong h? th?ng (t?n t?i trong th?c t?) mang nh?ng ??c t¨ªnh v¨¤ h¨¤nh vi c? b?n d?a tr¨ºn Class (l?p) ?? ??nh ngh?a n¨®.
- 12. ? C¨¢c ??c t¨ªnh c? b?n : ¨C Extend (t¨ªnh k? th?a) ¨C Abstraction (t¨ªnh tr?u t??ng) ¨C Polymorphism (t¨ªnh ?a h¨¬nh) ¨C Encapsulation (T¨ªnh ?¨®ng g¨®i) Trong khu?n kh? b¨¤i h?c ch¨²ng ta s? ch? h?c v¨¤ s? d?ng t¨ªnh k? th?a
- 13. ? T¨ªnh k? th?a Cho ph¨¦p m?t ??i t??ng c¨® th? c¨® s?n c¨¢c ??c t¨ªnh m¨¤ ??i t??ng kh¨¢c ?? c¨® (nh? t¨ªnh di truy?n c?a sinh v?t). ? T¨ªnh ?¨®ng g¨®i Cho ph¨¦p x¨¢c ??nh gi?i h?n truy c?p c¨¢c thu?c t¨ªnh v¨¤ ph??ng th?c c?a m?t ??i t??ng (s? t¨¬m hi?u k? ? ph?n sau).
- 14. C?u tr¨²c c?a Class v¨¤ c¨¢ch t?o m?t Object
- 15. ? C?u tr¨²c c?a m?t Class ¨C Properties (c¨¢c thu?c t¨ªnh ??c tr?ng) ¨C Method / Function (kh? n?ng hay c¨¢c h¨¤nh vi ??c tr?ng) ¨C Constructor (m?t function ??c bi?t ???c g?i ngay khi m?t ??i t??ng ra ??i).
- 16. ? C¨¢ch kh?i t?o m?t ??i t??ng: Gi? s? ta mu?n t?o m?t ??i t??ng c¨® t¨ºn l¨¤ hachi v¨¤ l?p ??nh ngh?a c?a n¨® l¨¤ Robot: var hachi:Robot = new Robot();
- 17. Access modifier
- 18. ? ???c s? d?ng nh? m?t c¨¢ch ?? gi?i h?n m?i li¨ºn k?t hay kh? n?ng t??ng t¨¢c gi?a c¨¢c ??i t??ng. ? C¨® 4 d?ng li¨ºn k?t c? b?n 1. Public 2. Private 3. Protected 4. internal
- 19. ? Public: c¨® th? g?i v¨¤ s? d?ng t? b?t k? ??u. ? Private: ch? c¨® th? g?i v¨¤ s? d?ng b¨ºn trong l?p ??nh ngh?a. ? Protected: ch? c¨® th? g?i v¨¤ s? d?ng b¨ºn trong l?p ??nh ngh?a v¨¤ c¨¢c l?p k? th?a t? n¨®. ? Internal: c¨® th? g?i v¨¤ s? d?ng b¨ºn trong l?p ??nh ngh?a v¨¤ c¨¢c l?p c¨´ng c?p (c¨´ng package).
- 20. Add v¨¤ x¨®a m?t ??i t??ng ra kh?i m¨¤n h¨¬nh
- 21. ? Th¨ºm m?t ??i t??ng tr¨ºn m¨¤n h¨¬nh: S? d?ng h¨¤m objCha.addChild(objCon); ? X¨®a ??i t??ng kh?i m¨¤n h¨¬nh: S? d?ng h¨¤m objCha.removeChild(objCon);
- 22. Home work
- 23. B¨¤i 1: Trong file AddBugs.fla ?? c¨® s?n symbol bug v¨¤ ???c li¨ºn k?t v?i m?t Class Bug t??ng ?ng. S? d?ng code ?? t?o 10 ??i t??ng Bug v¨¤ addChild t?i c¨¢c v? tr¨ª ng?u nhi¨ºn tr¨ºn m¨¤n h¨¬nh. G?i ?: s? d?ng h¨¤m Math.random() ?? l?y m?t ???c m?t gi¨¢ tr? ng?u nhi¨ºn t? 0 ??n x?p x? 1. B¨¤i 2: T??ng t? nh? b¨¤i 1, h?y t?o b?t s? ki?n click chu?t sao cho khi click v¨¤o ??u th¨¬ t?i ?i?m ?¨® s? xu?t hi?n m?t con bug. G?i ?: s? d?ng stage.mouseX v¨¤ stage.mouseY ?? l?y v? tr¨ª t?a ?? c?a chu?t tr¨ºn m¨¤n h¨¬nh. B¨¤i 3: T??ng t? nh? b¨¤i 2, th¨ºm t¨ªnh n?ng sao cho ngay khi xu?t hi?n tr¨ºn m¨¤n h¨¬nh, nh?ng con bug s? t? ??ng di chuy?n sang ph?i. G?i ?: s? d?ng s? ki?n Event.Enter_Frame ?? t?o di chuy?n cho bug B¨¤i 4: T??ng t? nh? b¨¤i 3, th¨ºm t¨ªnh n?ng sao cho khi c¨¢c con bug ?ang di chuy?n, n?u b? click v¨¤o th¨ºm m?t l?n n?a th¨¬ n¨® s? bi?n m?t.