The document details the historical context of the First Hundred Years' War (1159-1259 CE) between England and France, highlighting key figures such as King Henry II, Richard the Lionheart, and King John, and their territorial conflicts. It describes the significance of the Magna Carta signed in 1215 and notes that the war concluded with the Treaty of Paris in 1259, resulting in English territorial losses. The document serves as a learning guide for identifying events and figures related to this period.