Levelling
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This document appears to be a lecture on levelling by Eng. Kishor K. Ade. It contains 62 pages of content on the topic of levelling, including definitions and explanations of key terms. The lecture was given in Mumbai and includes the name of the assistant professor of civil and environmental engineering, Gaurav H. Tandon, on the final page.
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Find the RL of the points using rise and fall method.
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165 0 98.085
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210 1.125 1.120 99.085 + 1.120 = 100.205
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Find the RL of the points using rise and fall method.
Solution:
Chainage BS FS Rise/Fall RL
165 0 98.085
180 3.150 - 98.085 + 0.905 = 99.990
195 2.245 0.905 99.990 - 0.905 = 99.085
210 1.125 1.120 99.085 + 1.120 = 100.205
225 0.860 - 0.265 100.205 - 0.265 = 99.940
240 3.125 - 99.940 + 2.265 = 102.205
255 2.760 - 102.205 - 0.365 = 101.840
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1. Levelling is used to determine the relative heights of points and establish a common datum. It involves using a level instrument and staff to obtain precise elevation readings.
2. Key terms include benchmarks, backsight, foresight, and intermediate sight readings. Common level instruments are the dumpy level, tilting level, wye level, and automatic level.
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This document provides information about tacheometry, which is a method of surveying that determines horizontal and vertical distances from instrumental observations. It discusses how tacheometry can be used when obstacles make traditional surveying difficult. The key aspects covered include:
- Defining tacheometry and the measurements it provides
- When tacheometry is advantageous over other surveying methods
- The instruments used, including tacheometers and levelling rods
- How horizontal and vertical distances are calculated using constants
- The different types of tacheometer diaphragms and telescopes
- The fixed hair method for taking readingsCountering for surveying
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2. The data collected included station positions, backsight, intermediate, and foresight elevation readings. This was used to plot the profile diagram showing the sloping road elevation, and cross-section diagram showing the center higher than the sides.
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2) Levelling is used to prepare contour maps, determine altitudes, and create longitudinal and cross sections needed for projects.
3) Key terms include bench mark, datum, reduced level, line of collimation, and height of instrument. Different types of levelling include simple, differential, fly, longitudinal, and cross-sectional levelling.Types of curves
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2) Surveying is divided into plane and geodetic surveying, with plane surveying ignoring Earth's curvature over small areas and geodetic surveying accounting for curvature over large areas.
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Life will be never ending..........!Kishor Ade
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The document repeatedly lists the name "Eng. Kishor K. Ade" over 30 times without any other context or information. It appears to be about an individual named Eng. Kishor K. Ade but provides no meaningful details about them.Structures-V
Structures-VKishor Ade
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The document appears to be a lecture on structures that covers staircases and support systems. It includes sections on the components, types, and structural behavior of staircases, as well as design steps and numerical problems. The lecture continues across multiple pages and covers the topics in detail with contributions.Specification Writing-I 
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This document appears to be notes from Lecture 1 of Specification Writing-I, taught by Eng. Kishor K. Ade. It covers various topics like the course syllabus, principles of working drawings, introduction, preparation of start drawings, foundation systems and plans, floor systems and plans. The notes are broken into several sections and pages with headings and content indicating the lecture covered multiple structural and technical aspects of specification writing.Research Methodology Module-08
Research Methodology Module-08Kishor Ade
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This document provides guidelines for writing an effective research brief to ensure clients have a clear view of what is needed from the research and research agencies can respond with a relevant proposal. It outlines the key sections and information that should be included in a research brief such as background on the company and research objectives, target audience, deliverables, timing, budget, and project team. Following these guidelines will help clients communicate their requirements and ensure research agencies can meet those requirements.Research Methodology Module-07
Research Methodology Module-07Kishor Ade
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This document discusses report writing and provides guidance on writing effective reports. It covers the need for documentation, the importance of report writing, common report structures, and guidelines for structuring a report. Documentation is important as it can help prove or defend claims and preserve a record of events when they are fresh. Reports should be written to be read by others and convey essential information through a clear structure, including sections like an introduction, background, methodology, results, and conclusion. The document provides examples of different types of reports and recommends following a top-down outline approach when writing a report.Research Methodology Module-06
Research Methodology Module-06Kishor Ade
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Discriminant analysis (DA) is a statistical technique used to predict group membership when the dependent variable is categorical and the independent variables are continuous. It identifies which variables discriminate between two or more naturally occurring groups. DA develops a linear equation to predict group membership based on weighted combinations of predictor variables. It aims to maximize the distance between group means to achieve strong discriminatory power. Like regression, DA assumes variables are normally distributed, cases are randomly sampled, and groups are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive. It requires at least two groups with minimal overlap and similar group sizes of at least five cases. DA can classify new cases into groups based on the discriminant functions derived from existing data.Research Methodology Module-05
Research Methodology Module-05Kishor Ade
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This document provides an overview of hypothesis testing concepts and analysis of variance techniques. It discusses hypothesis testing definitions and procedures, including forming the null and alternative hypotheses, identifying test statistics, computing p-values, and comparing p-values to significance values. It also describes different types of analysis of variance (ANOVA) models, including one-way ANOVA to compare multiple groups, multifactor ANOVA to analyze more than one categorical factor, variance components analysis to determine variability introduced at different levels, and general linear models that can handle both crossed and nested factors.Research Methodology Module-04
Research Methodology Module-04Kishor Ade
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This document discusses various methods and concepts related to data collection and analysis in research. It covers the classification of data, different bases for classification including qualitative, quantitative, geographical and temporal. It also discusses types of classification such as one-way, two-way and multi-way classification. The document then covers topics like primary and secondary data sources, advantages and disadvantages of primary data, sampling strategies, qualitative research methods, and ethical issues in data collection and evaluation. Key qualitative research methods discussed include interviews, focus groups, observations and self-study.Recently uploaded (20)
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- 62. Eng. Kishor K. AdeLecture 3 Levelling 62 GAURAV. H .TANDONAssistant Professor Civil & Environmental Engineering
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