Light 1.pptx

Aug 22, 2023Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes19 views

This document summarizes key properties of light and reflection: 1) Light propagates as an electromagnetic wave that does not require a medium and travels in straight lines at a very fast speed. Objects are visible because they reflect light into our eyes. 2) Reflection follows the law that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Reflection can be specular from smooth surfaces or diffuse from rough surfaces. Mirrors use the principle of reflection. 3) Plane mirrors form virtual upright images that are the same size and as far behind the mirror as the object is in front. The image is laterally reversed left to right. Spherical mirrors can also form images.

Properties of Light summary
1) Light doesn’t need medium to propagate
(electromagnetic wave)
2) Light propagates as a transverse wave
3) Light travels in straight lines
4) Light travels much faster than sound
5) We see things because they reflect light
into our eyes
6) Shadows are formed when light is blocked
by an object

Reflection
Reflection from a mirror:
Incident ray
Normal line
Reflected ray
Angle of
incidence
Angle of
reflection
Mirror

The Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
In other words,
light gets reflected from a surface at ___ ______angle it hits it.
the same!

Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection
Smooth, shiny surfaces
have a clear reflection:
Rough, dull surfaces have
a diffuse reflection.
Diffuse reflection is when
light is scattered in
different directions

Using mirrors
Two examples:
1) A periscope 2) Car lamp

Examples of light reflection
60°
70°
2nd reflector
Incident ray
Determine the angle of reflection on 2nd reflector!

The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror
Your image in a flat mirror has four properties:
1. It is upright.
2. It is the same size as you are.
3. The image is as far behind the mirror as you
are in front of it.
4. It is reversed, left <--> right
The person’s right hand becomes
the image’slefthand.
Emergency vehicles are usually
reverse-lettered so the lettering appears
normal in the rear view mirror of a car.

The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror
A ray of light from the top of the chess piece reflects from the
mirror. To the eye, the ray seems to come from behind the
mirror.
Because none of the rays actually emanate from the image, it is
called a virtual image.
Each point of an illuminated object
emits a continuum of light rays in a
range of directions. Two of these
rays are shown here.

The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror
The geometry used to show that the image distance di is equal
to the object distance do.
Since    by intersecting
lines,  
Thus ABC and BCD are similar
triangles.
Since the triangles share the
common side BC, they are also
identical triangles, so
do = di

observer Plane mirror
object image
So Si
So = Si
i
r
i = r
i
r

Plane mirror
observer
Wall
object image
Will the observer be able to see all the image completely inside the mirror ?

The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror
Conceptual Example 1 Full-Length Versus Half-Length Mirrors
What is the minimum mirror height necessary for her to see her full
image?
Start with a mirror which is exactly her height.
Based on this reflection, the
length of the plane mirror
required to see her full image is
only half of her body height.

The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror
Conceptual Example 2 Multiple Reflections
A person is sitting in front of two mirrors that intersect at a right angle.
The person sees three images of herself. Why are there three, rather
than two, images?
𝒏 =
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝜽
− 𝟏
Where:
n = number of images formed
θ = angle between two mirrors

Spherical Mirror
Reflection on Concave and Convex Mirror

Light propagates in straight lines and can be reflected, refracted, and diffracted when interacting with matter. Reflection occurs when light hits a smooth surface and bounces back into the same medium at the same angle. Regular reflection occurs from plane mirrors where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Spherical mirrors can be concave or convex. Concave mirrors form real, inverted images, while convex mirrors form virtual, upright images. The mirror equation relates the focal length and distances of the object and image.

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1. Reflection is the bouncing back of light from a smooth surface, while refraction is the bending of light when passing from one medium to another. 2. Plane mirrors reflect light such that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, forming virtual, upright images behind the mirror. Spherical mirrors like concave and convex mirrors can form real or virtual images depending on the position of the object. 3. Refraction follows Snell's law where the ratio of sines of the angle of incidence and refraction is a constant depending on the refractive indices of the two media. Lenses use refraction to form real images of objects.

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The document summarizes key concepts about the reflection of light by plane and spherical mirrors, including: 1) Plane mirrors form virtual, upright images that are the same size as the object and located the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. 2) Spherical mirrors can form real or virtual images, depending on whether the mirror is convex or concave. Concave mirrors always form virtual images while convex mirrors form real images. 3) Ray diagrams can be used to locate the image position by tracing the path of light rays reflecting off the mirror according to the law of reflection.

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This document discusses light, reflection, and mirrors. It begins by providing facts about light, including that it is a form of electromagnetic energy and part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It then discusses how light can be reflected, absorbed, or refracted. Rays are introduced as a way to represent the direction light travels. Reflection of light off mirrors is explained, including that rays are always perpendicular to wave fronts. Real images from mirrors are described as appearing on the same side of the mirror as the object. Concave and convex mirrors are contrasted, and ray diagrams are used to determine image characteristics such as size, position, and orientation for different object positions with concave mirrors. The mirror equation and magnification equation are also introduced for

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1) Light can be reflected, absorbed, or refracted when interacting with mirrors and lenses. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. 2) For a flat plane mirror, the image location is the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front. The image is virtual, upright, and the same size as the object. 3) Concave mirrors can focus light to a real, inverted, and enlarged or reduced image location that can be calculated using the mirror equation. Ray diagrams and calculations of magnification can determine full image characteristics.

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1) Light can be reflected, absorbed, or refracted when interacting with mirrors and lenses. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. 2) For a flat plane mirror, the image location is the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front. The image is virtual, upright, and the same size as the object. 3) Concave mirrors can focus light to a real, inverted, and enlarged or reduced image located between the focal point and center of curvature, depending on the object distance. The mirror equation and magnification equation can be used to calculate image location and characteristics.

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The document discusses the laws of reflection and image formation using spherical mirrors. It defines key terms like normal, angle of incidence, angle of reflection, focal length, pole, radius of curvature, etc. Rules for image formation using concave and convex mirrors are explained along with diagrams. Characteristics of the image like nature, position and size are defined based on the position of the object in front of the concave mirror. Sign convention for spherical mirrors is also explained. Examples of questions from NCERT on image formation and characteristics are summarized.

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1) The document discusses key concepts in optics, including geometrical optics, physical optics, and quantum optics. 2) Geometrical optics deals with light rays and concepts like reflection and refraction. Physical optics examines light as waves and topics such as interference and diffraction. Quantum optics views light as particles. 3) Images formed by a concave mirror depend on the object's location relative to the mirror's center of curvature and focal point. If beyond the center, the image is real, inverted, and smaller.

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This document provides an overview of light and optics concepts for a 10th grade science class. It defines key terms like luminous and non-luminous objects, the wave and particle nature of light, reflection, refraction, and different types of mirrors. Plane mirrors are described as forming virtual, erect images of the same size as the object. Spherical mirrors can be concave or convex, with concave mirrors bringing parallel rays to a focus and convex mirrors diverging them. The properties and uses of different mirror types are summarized.

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This document discusses reflection and refraction at surfaces and curved surfaces. It begins by explaining the fundamentals of reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection. It then discusses the laws of reflection and refraction. Specific examples of reflection and refraction are provided for plane mirrors, convex mirrors, concave mirrors, and refraction through lenses and the cornea. Clinical applications of reflection and refraction in the eye and optical instruments are described.

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Optics is the study of light, including its interactions with matter. There are three main subfields: geometrical optics studies light as rays, physical optics studies light as waves, and quantum optics studies light as particles. Mirrors form images through the reflection of light rays according to specific rules. Plane mirrors form virtual upright images that are laterally inverted. Spherical mirrors can be concave or convex and form images using rules for tracing the path of light rays. Constructing ray diagrams involves using rays that pass through the center of curvature, focal point, or pole to locate the image point.

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An image is a reproduction of an object via light that can either be real, forming on a surface, or virtual, requiring an observer. Real images are produced by concave mirrors and converging lenses, whereas virtual images are produced by flat mirrors. A real image occurs where rays converge and a virtual image where rays appear to converge. Concave mirrors form real images when the object is outside the focal point and virtual images when inside the focal point. Lenses also form real or virtual images depending on if the object is outside or inside the focal point. Diffraction occurs when light encounters an obstacle comparable in size to its wavelength, spreading the waves and creating interference patterns like Newton's rings.

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Plane mirrors form virtual images that are the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. The magnification of a plane mirror is 1. Spherical mirrors can form either real or virtual images, depending on the position of the object relative to the mirror's center of curvature and focal point. Concave mirrors always form real images, while convex mirrors can form either real or virtual images. Lenses use refraction to form images, and obey the same lens equations as mirrors. Lenses can form either real or virtual images based on the position of the object relative to the focal point. Combinations of lenses treat the image of the first lens as the object for the second lens.

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Light 1.pptx

1. Properties of Light summary 1) Light doesn’t need medium to propagate (electromagnetic wave) 2) Light propagates as a transverse wave 3) Light travels in straight lines 4) Light travels much faster than sound 5) We see things because they reflect light into our eyes 6) Shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object

2. Reflection Reflection from a mirror: Incident ray Normal line Reflected ray Angle of incidence Angle of reflection Mirror

3. The Law of Reflection Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at ___ ______angle it hits it. the same!

4. Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection: Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection. Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions

5. Using mirrors Two examples: 1) A periscope 2) Car lamp

6. Examples of light reflection 60° 70° 2nd reflector Incident ray Determine the angle of reflection on 2nd reflector!

7. The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror Your image in a flat mirror has four properties: 1. It is upright. 2. It is the same size as you are. 3. The image is as far behind the mirror as you are in front of it. 4. It is reversed, left <--> right The person’s right hand becomes the image’slefthand. Emergency vehicles are usually reverse-lettered so the lettering appears normal in the rear view mirror of a car.

8. The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror A ray of light from the top of the chess piece reflects from the mirror. To the eye, the ray seems to come from behind the mirror. Because none of the rays actually emanate from the image, it is called a virtual image. Each point of an illuminated object emits a continuum of light rays in a range of directions. Two of these rays are shown here.

9. The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror The geometry used to show that the image distance di is equal to the object distance do. Since    by intersecting lines,   Thus ABC and BCD are similar triangles. Since the triangles share the common side BC, they are also identical triangles, so do = di

10. observer Plane mirror object image So Si So = Si i r i = r i r

11. Plane mirror observer Wall object image Will the observer be able to see all the image completely inside the mirror ?

12. The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror Conceptual Example 1 Full-Length Versus Half-Length Mirrors What is the minimum mirror height necessary for her to see her full image? Start with a mirror which is exactly her height. Based on this reflection, the length of the plane mirror required to see her full image is only half of her body height.

13. The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror Conceptual Example 2 Multiple Reflections A person is sitting in front of two mirrors that intersect at a right angle. The person sees three images of herself. Why are there three, rather than two, images? 𝒏 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° 𝜽 − 𝟏 Where: n = number of images formed θ = angle between two mirrors

14. Spherical Mirror Reflection on Concave and Convex Mirror

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