An autocracy is a form of government where one person has all power. There are two main types of autocracy: a monarchy where power is hereditary and passed down through a royal family, and a dictatorship where one leader has absolute control over citizens. A representative democracy gives citizens the power to elect representatives to make laws and govern on their behalf, while allowing citizens to vote them out if unhappy. An anarchy has no one in control or everyone depending on perspective, with no nation or government to answer to.
This guided reading document provides questions and prompts to help students summarize key information about forms of government. It includes sections on the importance of government, types of government like democratic and authoritarian, and systems of government such as federal, confederal, and unitary. Students are asked to complete charts, diagrams, and short responses to demonstrate their understanding of how governments provide order and security, make policy, and share or distribute decision-making powers.
Guilds played an important role in the economies and governments of Italian city-states during the Renaissance. Powerful guilds in cities like Florence elected government leaders and controlled industries like food, cloth, and other goods by establishing monopolies over certain markets. Guilds also trained young apprentices, having them live and work for masters to learn trades and crafts. This document discusses how guilds functioned in Renaissance city-states like Florence.
The Catholic Church held a council in Trent, Italy to discuss reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation. They established seminaries to better educate priests and the Jesuits order to promote the Counter-Reformation across Europe. However, Catholic rulers like Spain did not accept all religions and prevented the creation of some artworks. The leaders wanted to reform the Catholic Church in response to issues raised by Protestants to try to stem converts to Protestantism.
Martin Luther disagreed with Johann Tetzel's preaching that selling indulgences would forgive sins. Because Luther disagreed with these beliefs, he wrote to the Archbishop of Mainz asking him to stop Tetzel from selling indulgences. Luther knew the Pope wanted to sell indulgences to raise money for the Catholic Church to build a new basilica. However, since the Pope was already very rich, Luther argued that he could pay for the church himself without having to sell indulgences to poor people.
This document contains questions about various topics related to ancient Egypt, including mummification, pyramid building, King Tut's curse, and the role of cats. It includes questions about the mummification process and what was placed in canopic jars. It asks about the construction of pyramids, who built them, and which pharaoh built the largest. It also asks about why Tutankhamen's tomb may have been protected by a curse and how many associated with its opening died within 10 years. Finally, it inquires about when cats were domesticated in Egypt and why the Egyptians mummified them.
This document provides a summary of the history and modern issues of Southwest Asia. It describes how the first civilizations like Mesopotamia emerged around 10,000 years ago. It notes that the major world religions of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism all originated in Southwest Asia. In modern times, the region has faced conflicts between Israel and Palestine over territory since 1948 as well as civil wars in Syria, Yemen, and Libya. Countries like Iran and Turkey have also dealt with independence movements within their borders.
The timeline begins on September 11, 2001 with the terrorist attacks in the United States. It ends on May 1, 2011 when Osama bin Laden was killed by U.S. forces in a raid on his compound in Pakistan. Throughout the timeline, key events include the start of the war in Afghanistan in October 2001, battles searching for bin Laden including the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001, audiotapes and videos released by bin Laden, and attacks attributed to al-Qaeda such as the July 7, 2005 bombings in London.
President Nixon spoke with astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin over the phone on July 20, 1969. Nixon congratulated the astronauts on their immense feat of being the first men to walk on the moon, saying it was the proudest day for Americans and people worldwide. Armstrong thanked Nixon and said representing peaceful nations with a vision for the future was an honor. They looked forward to meeting in person when the astronauts returned to Earth on the aircraft carrier USS Hornet.
The document summarizes key events of World War 2 from 1939 to 1945. It describes how Germany, led by Hitler, invaded countries in Europe like Poland and France. In June 1944, the Allies launched D-Day and invaded German-controlled northern France. The war ended on September 2, 1945 with the Allies victorious over the Axis powers of Germany and Japan. After the war, Germany was divided between the Western allies and Soviet Union.
The document provides instructions for a web quest on various topics relating to life in the Middle Ages, directing the reader to multiple websites to research and answer questions. Specifically, it asks questions about medieval beliefs on disease transmission, medical treatments, clothing styles for different social classes, the roles and treatment of women, the lives and duties of knights, the development of armor, codes of chivalry, siege weapons used to attack castles, and definitions of architectural features found in medieval castles. The reader is to complete the web quest by researching the provided sites and thoroughly answering all parts of the multiple choice and descriptive questions in a Google Doc.
President Roosevelt addresses Congress after the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan on December 7, 1941. He reports that the U.S. was attacked at Pearl Harbor and other locations in the Pacific without warning. Roosevelt asserts that this was a deliberately planned attack by Japan and asks Congress to declare that a state of war exists between the U.S. and Japan.
This document is a poster from the U.S. Food Administration during World War I that asks Americans to conserve wheat. It depicts the Statue of Liberty holding sheaves of wheat and asks citizens to help win the war by saving food. Herbert Hoover led the voluntary food conservation effort and did not accept a salary so that he could ask Americans to also make sacrifices.
The document provides an overview of medieval Europe, including its geography, kingdoms, feudal system, and religious influences. It discusses the rise of towns and cities, key monarchs in England and France, crusades, cultural developments, religious groups, conflicts, and plagues of the period. The feudal system established lords and vassals, with knights serving nobles and peasants working the land under serfdom. The Catholic Church gained power and sent missionaries across Europe.
The Yalu River forms part of the northern border between North Korea and China. It has served as a political boundary since the 1300s, dividing Korean and Chinese cultures. The upper Yalu River has strong currents and waterfalls while the middle section is shallow, making it easiest to cross there. In modern times, the river is important for transportation, fishing, and generating hydroelectric power through dams.
The document is about the Mongol conquest of China under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. It discusses how the Mongols, originally from Mongolia, expanded their empire throughout Asia and invaded China under Genghis Khan from 1206-1227. In 1264, Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty in China with its capital in Beijing. The Yuan dynasty ruled over China for over a century until being overthrown in 1368.
Chinese currency evolved over time. In ancient China, shells and tools were used for barter. In 221 BC, the Han emperor issued standardized coins called pan-liang to control the money supply. Coins changed under each dynasty but maintained a circular shape with a square hole until the 1900s. Paper money was introduced in 1024 AD by the Song dynasty as it was lighter and easier to transport, solving issues with heavy coins. However, paper money is only as valuable as the wealth backing it, so if a government's wealth declines, the value of its paper currency can also decline.
The document provides an overview of African civilizations, including:
- Early humans lived in Africa over 150,000 years ago and were affected by the continent's geography including savannas, plateaus, and deserts.
- Powerful empires like Ghana and Mali developed along trade routes and had strong central governments, while leadership in Ghana passed to the king's sister's son.
- Most African societies believed in a supreme creator god and lesser gods, while Islam spread across northern and eastern Africa between the 1100s-1400s.
- Gold was first found and used in Egypt and Mesopotamia as early as 4000 BC, where it was viewed as a symbol of power and wealth. It was used as jewelry, decoration, and one of the earliest forms of money.
- The world's largest discovery of gold took place in 1886 in the Witwatersrand region of South Africa, producing one quarter of the world's gold by 1899 and 40% by 1985.
- Early gold mining techniques required significant labor, such as 40,000 enslaved people mining gold in Spain in 100 AD. Over time, people developed new mining and refining methods to make the process more efficient.
The Sahara desert is located in northern Africa and stretches across much of the continent. It is the largest hot desert in the world. For many years, the harsh conditions of the Sahara limited travel and human settlement within Africa. The desert contains different landforms like plains, plateaus, mountains and sand dunes that can reach heights of 1,000 feet. It has a hot climate with average temperatures over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Only around 2.5 million people live in the desert today, concentrated near oases where irrigation allows for limited agriculture. Transportation is also difficult, relying on trucks along old trade routes or all-terrain vehicles elsewhere. The Sahara remains a significant barrier to human habitation and movement across Africa.
This study guide provides 33 key terms and concepts for students to know for an upcoming midterm exam covering Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Christianity, and Islam. It includes terms about Greek and Roman politics, society, culture, and military history. It also lists differences between Athens and Sparta, participants in important ancient Greek battles, and differences between patricians and plebeians in ancient Rome. Finally, it asks students to compare Christianity and Islam by identifying their shared deity, prophets, and holy books.
This study guide covers three parts of a geography midterm. Part one introduces fundamental geographic concepts like latitude, longitude, and themes of geography. Part two focuses on using maps to identify locations based on their latitude and longitude. Part three defines key geographic terms regarding physical geography, human geography, and Earth's relationship with the sun that impact seasons.
The Catholic Church held a council in Trent, Italy to discuss reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation. They established seminaries to better educate priests and the Jesuits order to promote the Counter-Reformation across Europe. However, Catholic rulers like Spain did not accept all religions and prevented the creation of some artworks. The leaders wanted to reform the Catholic Church in response to issues raised by Protestants to try to stem converts to Protestantism.
Martin Luther disagreed with Johann Tetzel's preaching that selling indulgences would forgive sins. Because Luther disagreed with these beliefs, he wrote to the Archbishop of Mainz asking him to stop Tetzel from selling indulgences. Luther knew the Pope wanted to sell indulgences to raise money for the Catholic Church to build a new basilica. However, since the Pope was already very rich, Luther argued that he could pay for the church himself without having to sell indulgences to poor people.
This document contains questions about various topics related to ancient Egypt, including mummification, pyramid building, King Tut's curse, and the role of cats. It includes questions about the mummification process and what was placed in canopic jars. It asks about the construction of pyramids, who built them, and which pharaoh built the largest. It also asks about why Tutankhamen's tomb may have been protected by a curse and how many associated with its opening died within 10 years. Finally, it inquires about when cats were domesticated in Egypt and why the Egyptians mummified them.
This document provides a summary of the history and modern issues of Southwest Asia. It describes how the first civilizations like Mesopotamia emerged around 10,000 years ago. It notes that the major world religions of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism all originated in Southwest Asia. In modern times, the region has faced conflicts between Israel and Palestine over territory since 1948 as well as civil wars in Syria, Yemen, and Libya. Countries like Iran and Turkey have also dealt with independence movements within their borders.
The timeline begins on September 11, 2001 with the terrorist attacks in the United States. It ends on May 1, 2011 when Osama bin Laden was killed by U.S. forces in a raid on his compound in Pakistan. Throughout the timeline, key events include the start of the war in Afghanistan in October 2001, battles searching for bin Laden including the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001, audiotapes and videos released by bin Laden, and attacks attributed to al-Qaeda such as the July 7, 2005 bombings in London.
President Nixon spoke with astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin over the phone on July 20, 1969. Nixon congratulated the astronauts on their immense feat of being the first men to walk on the moon, saying it was the proudest day for Americans and people worldwide. Armstrong thanked Nixon and said representing peaceful nations with a vision for the future was an honor. They looked forward to meeting in person when the astronauts returned to Earth on the aircraft carrier USS Hornet.
The document summarizes key events of World War 2 from 1939 to 1945. It describes how Germany, led by Hitler, invaded countries in Europe like Poland and France. In June 1944, the Allies launched D-Day and invaded German-controlled northern France. The war ended on September 2, 1945 with the Allies victorious over the Axis powers of Germany and Japan. After the war, Germany was divided between the Western allies and Soviet Union.
The document provides instructions for a web quest on various topics relating to life in the Middle Ages, directing the reader to multiple websites to research and answer questions. Specifically, it asks questions about medieval beliefs on disease transmission, medical treatments, clothing styles for different social classes, the roles and treatment of women, the lives and duties of knights, the development of armor, codes of chivalry, siege weapons used to attack castles, and definitions of architectural features found in medieval castles. The reader is to complete the web quest by researching the provided sites and thoroughly answering all parts of the multiple choice and descriptive questions in a Google Doc.
President Roosevelt addresses Congress after the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan on December 7, 1941. He reports that the U.S. was attacked at Pearl Harbor and other locations in the Pacific without warning. Roosevelt asserts that this was a deliberately planned attack by Japan and asks Congress to declare that a state of war exists between the U.S. and Japan.
This document is a poster from the U.S. Food Administration during World War I that asks Americans to conserve wheat. It depicts the Statue of Liberty holding sheaves of wheat and asks citizens to help win the war by saving food. Herbert Hoover led the voluntary food conservation effort and did not accept a salary so that he could ask Americans to also make sacrifices.
The document provides an overview of medieval Europe, including its geography, kingdoms, feudal system, and religious influences. It discusses the rise of towns and cities, key monarchs in England and France, crusades, cultural developments, religious groups, conflicts, and plagues of the period. The feudal system established lords and vassals, with knights serving nobles and peasants working the land under serfdom. The Catholic Church gained power and sent missionaries across Europe.
The Yalu River forms part of the northern border between North Korea and China. It has served as a political boundary since the 1300s, dividing Korean and Chinese cultures. The upper Yalu River has strong currents and waterfalls while the middle section is shallow, making it easiest to cross there. In modern times, the river is important for transportation, fishing, and generating hydroelectric power through dams.
The document is about the Mongol conquest of China under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. It discusses how the Mongols, originally from Mongolia, expanded their empire throughout Asia and invaded China under Genghis Khan from 1206-1227. In 1264, Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty in China with its capital in Beijing. The Yuan dynasty ruled over China for over a century until being overthrown in 1368.
Chinese currency evolved over time. In ancient China, shells and tools were used for barter. In 221 BC, the Han emperor issued standardized coins called pan-liang to control the money supply. Coins changed under each dynasty but maintained a circular shape with a square hole until the 1900s. Paper money was introduced in 1024 AD by the Song dynasty as it was lighter and easier to transport, solving issues with heavy coins. However, paper money is only as valuable as the wealth backing it, so if a government's wealth declines, the value of its paper currency can also decline.
The document provides an overview of African civilizations, including:
- Early humans lived in Africa over 150,000 years ago and were affected by the continent's geography including savannas, plateaus, and deserts.
- Powerful empires like Ghana and Mali developed along trade routes and had strong central governments, while leadership in Ghana passed to the king's sister's son.
- Most African societies believed in a supreme creator god and lesser gods, while Islam spread across northern and eastern Africa between the 1100s-1400s.
- Gold was first found and used in Egypt and Mesopotamia as early as 4000 BC, where it was viewed as a symbol of power and wealth. It was used as jewelry, decoration, and one of the earliest forms of money.
- The world's largest discovery of gold took place in 1886 in the Witwatersrand region of South Africa, producing one quarter of the world's gold by 1899 and 40% by 1985.
- Early gold mining techniques required significant labor, such as 40,000 enslaved people mining gold in Spain in 100 AD. Over time, people developed new mining and refining methods to make the process more efficient.
The Sahara desert is located in northern Africa and stretches across much of the continent. It is the largest hot desert in the world. For many years, the harsh conditions of the Sahara limited travel and human settlement within Africa. The desert contains different landforms like plains, plateaus, mountains and sand dunes that can reach heights of 1,000 feet. It has a hot climate with average temperatures over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Only around 2.5 million people live in the desert today, concentrated near oases where irrigation allows for limited agriculture. Transportation is also difficult, relying on trucks along old trade routes or all-terrain vehicles elsewhere. The Sahara remains a significant barrier to human habitation and movement across Africa.
This study guide provides 33 key terms and concepts for students to know for an upcoming midterm exam covering Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Christianity, and Islam. It includes terms about Greek and Roman politics, society, culture, and military history. It also lists differences between Athens and Sparta, participants in important ancient Greek battles, and differences between patricians and plebeians in ancient Rome. Finally, it asks students to compare Christianity and Islam by identifying their shared deity, prophets, and holy books.
This study guide covers three parts of a geography midterm. Part one introduces fundamental geographic concepts like latitude, longitude, and themes of geography. Part two focuses on using maps to identify locations based on their latitude and longitude. Part three defines key geographic terms regarding physical geography, human geography, and Earth's relationship with the sun that impact seasons.
How to Configure Proforma Invoice in Odoo 18 SalesCeline George
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In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to configure proforma invoice in Odoo 18 Sales module. A proforma invoice is a preliminary invoice that serves as a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer.
Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdfAjaz Hussain
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The intersection of AI and pharmaceutical formulation science highlights significant blind spots—systemic gaps in pharmaceutical development, regulatory oversight, quality assurance, and the ethical use of AI—that could jeopardize patient safety and undermine public trust. To move forward effectively, we must address these normalized blind spots, which may arise from outdated assumptions, errors, gaps in previous knowledge, and biases in language or regulatory inertia. This is essential to ensure that AI and formulation science are developed as tools for patient-centered and ethical healthcare.
This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of strategic management principles, frameworks, and applications in business. It explores strategic planning, environmental analysis, corporate governance, business ethics, and sustainability. The course integrates Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to enhance global and ethical perspectives in decision-making.
How to create security group category in Odoo 17Celine George
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This slide will represent the creation of security group category in odoo 17. Security groups are essential for managing user access and permissions across different modules. Creating a security group category helps to organize related user groups and streamline permission settings within a specific module or functionality.
How to Configure Deliver Content by Email in Odoo 18 SalesCeline George
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In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to configure proforma invoice in Odoo 18 Sales module. A proforma invoice is a preliminary invoice that serves as a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer.
Mastering Soft Tissue Therapy & Sports Taping: Pathway to Sports Medicine Excellence
This presentation was delivered in Colombo, Sri Lanka, at the Institute of Sports Medicine to an audience of sports physiotherapists, exercise scientists, athletic trainers, and healthcare professionals. Led by Kusal Goonewardena (PhD Candidate - Muscle Fatigue, APA Titled Sports & Exercise Physiotherapist) and Gayath Jayasinghe (Sports Scientist), the session provided comprehensive training on soft tissue assessment, treatment techniques, and essential sports taping methods.
Key topics covered:
✅ Soft Tissue Therapy – The science behind muscle, fascia, and joint assessment for optimal treatment outcomes.
✅ Sports Taping Techniques – Practical applications for injury prevention and rehabilitation, including ankle, knee, shoulder, thoracic, and cervical spine taping.
✅ Sports Trainer Level 1 Course by Sports Medicine Australia – A gateway to professional development, career opportunities, and working in Australia.
This training mirrors the Elite Akademy Sports Medicine standards, ensuring evidence-based approaches to injury management and athlete care.
If you are a sports professional looking to enhance your clinical skills and open doors to global opportunities, this presentation is for you.
How to Configure Recurring Revenue in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
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This slide will represent how to configure Recurring revenue. Recurring revenue are the income generated at a particular interval. Typically, the interval can be monthly, yearly, or we can customize the intervals for a product or service based on its subscription or contract.