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Madame Cj WalkerDecembers 23, 1867-May 25, 1919

CourageMadam C.J Walker had a lot f courage which led her to her success.She did not allow anyone to tell her how far she could go in life, she did what she felt was best for her. She was the first African American also to put her own picture on her products.

Courage cont. By the time of her death, Madam Walker had helped create the role of the twentieth century, self-made American businesswoman. She not only established herself as a pioneer of the modern black hair-care and cosmetics industry, but she also set standards in the African-American community for corporate and community giving.

Discrimination It was unusual for an African American to be a major entrepreneur in the early 1900s, but it was even more unusual for it to be an African American female.It wasn’t an easy journey for Madam C.J. Walker to become the first African American female millionaire, but with the fight and drive she succeeded.

Discrimination cont.Racial segregation forbid access to many theaters to blacks, or allowed them only in the balconies. In response, the Walker Theatre in Indianapolis was opened for blacks in 1927. Part of the Walker Building at 617 Indiana Ave, which formerly housed Madam Walker's company, a $2.3 million renovation of the theater was completed in 1987. The building is listed as a National Historic Landmark.

Discrimination cont.In 1917, East St. Louis experienced a bloody race riot in which more than three dozen black men were killed by a white mob. This prompted Madam Walker to devote herself to having lynching made a federal crime, joining a group of Harlem leaders who visited the White House to present a petition favoring federal anti-lynching legislation.

Discrimination cont. She was an activist who stood up for her beliefs and tried to make change with discrimination and racism. Villa Lewaro was built in August of 1918 in Irvington-on-Hudson, New York. The grand estate served not only as Madam Walker's home but as a conference center for summits of racial leaders to discuss current issues. Her neighbors included industrialists Jay Gould and John D. Rockefeller.

Women’s RightsBy the time of her death, Madam Walker had helped create the role of the twentieth century, self-made American businesswoman. She not only established herself as a pioneer of the modern black hair-care and cosmetics industry, but she also set standards in the African-American community for corporate and community giving.

Women’s Rights cont.She became a public speaker and lectured to promote her business, in turn empowering other women in business. She did not limit her public speaking to business however, but touched on issues important to the black community. She also encouraged black Americans to support the cause of World War I and worked to have black veterans granted full respect.

Women’s Rights cont.The National Association of Colored Women (NACW) honored Madam Walker during the summer of 1918 for making the largest contribution to saving the home of abolitionist Frederick Douglass.

Rosa ParksFebruary 4, 1913-October 24, 2005

Standing Up For FreedomRosa Parks , who inspired a generation to fight for civil rights.

December 1, 1955,that was the day when an unknown seamstress in Montgomery, Alabama refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. This brave woman, Rosa Parks, was arrested and fined for violating a city ordinance, but her lonely act of defiance began a movement that ended legal segregation in America, and made her an inspiration to freedom-loving people everywhere.

The bus incident led to the formation of the Montgomery Improvement Association

How I fight For Civil RightsRosa Parks started a protest that was felt throughout the United States. Her quiet, courageous act changed America and redirected the course of history.

Sparking the modern civil rights movement in the United States by refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. Rosa Park’s arrest for breaking Montgomery segregation laws started a boycott of the city bus line that lasted 381 days. This eventually led to the 1956 Supreme Court ruling declaring segregation illegal on public buses.Courage

True WomanhoodParks' act of defiance became an important symbol of the modern Civil Rights Movement and Parks became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation.

Parks was involved with the National Association for Advancement for the Colored People (NAACP) working as a secretary and activist for the youth. Not only was she fighting for African American equal rights but also wanted a brotherly and sisterly nation within all races. Parks was a historian of the African American struggle for equality in the United States.Quit Strength

Rosa Parks was one of the most recognizable women of the Modern Day Movement.

Rosa Parks was an ordinary African American woman growing up in the south during slavery where blacks were considered second class citizens to whites. Rosa Parks was not only committed to her work but also her beliefs, dignity, courage, and determination.

Parks was determined to stand forward and responded to an entrenched system of racial male dominance in the United States that she believes was neither fair nor right. Parks did not want to take the figurehead of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, but refused to be treated unequal just because the color of her skin. Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement

Her strength and devotion to developing an equal society led to other mass movements to shift peoples perspectives of segregation and progress towards equal opportunity. It wasn’t easy but this woman was strong-mined to make a change for women but especially African Americans.Rosa Parks took the consideration to become a figurehead of the most powerful and successful movement.

Jim Crow (A way to discriminate and separate)The laws that was part of the Jim Crow lawsWhen a person of colors would not comply these laws they would be arrested and have to pay fine.

Courage to help otherShe help to build community organization that could win a share of political power in the southern states.Her goal was to give African American the courage to utilize their right to vote.

Rose Parks when to Highlander Folk School in 1955 to workshop on desegregation.This happen weeks prior to her refused to give her seat to a white man After the Boycott begin, she return to the school several times to give speak to younger African American.

Being of fight Day in class were she felt for the first time that she was an human beginning.There are no color lines at the school.

Fighting for her right Parks is on her way to face the judge on the charge of violating the Jim Crow law. A member of the NAACP volunteer to defended Mrs. Parks on these charges.

Rose Parks MuseumDue to her courage to fight segregation, discrimination member of the community construct museum in her honor.This museum is to let members of society learn about how African American struggle in the south after slavery.

The signs show respect for the action that help stop segregation, discrimination in the south.The NAACP put up these sign up to let visits know that this was the town were Mrs. Parks fought for her right and the right of other to ride on the public transportation without being discriminated against.

Society wanted to leave some behind to show their appreciation for a woman that had the courage to stand up for what she believe was right. Here is a memory of her that can last a life time for African American Children.

This is how many people in society thought about the injustice that affect African American.Many business owners was not concerned about the injustice in society.

Oprah WinfreyJanuary 29, 1954-

Oprah WinfreyOprah Winfrey demonstrated courage by breaking the barriers of a typical black women in the South.

"I knew there was a way out. I knew there was another kind of life because I had read about it. I knew there were other places, and there was another way of being." Oprah Winfrey

Oprah Winfrey went to school and studied very hard to make her life better. Oprah Winfrey

CourageShe graduate from Tennessee State University with a BA in Speech and Performing Arts.Oprah Winfrey was the first black women to work as a news anchor in Chicago at the age of 19.Oprah had the courage to stand up and be her own women. She didn’t allow the norm of being married to effect her. It is a norm for black women in the South to be married and have kids.

Making a change for women’s rightsOprah funded the construction of an AIDS hospice, children’s orphanage, and a young women hostel in South Africa.She donated over 3 million dollars in gifts for the children who lived in the townships and shantytown.She worked with Nelson Mandela on building a school for young girls who suffered from rape and AID. The school was called Oprah Leadership Academy for girls in Henley-on-Klip , south of Johannesburg, South Africa. The young girls were uneducated and lived in poverty in South Africa.

Oprah’s Leadership Academy for Girls

DiscriminationOprah Winfrey was born when segregation was taking place. She didn’t allow the discrimination toward blacks effect her.As Oprah’s career took off she was in constant competition with the men of show business. Phil Donahue was one of her competitors.As a black women, Oprah fought for her right to equal opportunity for jobs. She worked hard on a talk show called “A.M. Chicago” and was able to have her own talk show after a year called The Oprah Winfrey Show.

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