The document provides an overview of the Cisco Catalyst 2960-X series, highlighting its features such as FlexStack-Plus for high availability, secure network capabilities, and efficient energy use. Key specifications are compared across different models, detailing processor architecture, power options, and enhanced lifetime warranty terms. The agenda covers the product's architecture, operational ease, and advanced networking functionalities.
05. DF - Latest Trends in Optical Data Center InterconnectsDimitris Filippou
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This document discusses the latest trends in optical data center interconnects. It notes that data center connections are moving from 10G/40G to 25G/100G, and within and between data centers. New hyperscale data center architectures are flattening traditional tiered topologies. Interconnect technologies are seeing a significant increase in 100G and 25G port densities using smaller form factors like QSFP28 and SFP28. Standards organizations are working on 50G, 200G, 400G, and next-generation 100G Ethernet to support these increases in bandwidth.
The document provides information about IP routing, including static and dynamic routing. It discusses:
- The basics of routing including destination addresses, neighbor routers, routes, and maintaining routing information.
- The benefits and disadvantages of static routing, including less overhead but requiring manual configuration.
- Dynamic routing protocols like RIP, IGRP, and OSPF that automatically share routing information.
- Configuring and verifying static routes, as well as troubleshooting connection issues.
- Key aspects of distance vector protocols like RIP and IGRP, including updates, loops, metrics, and timers.
The document provides an overview of network fundamentals including basic concepts in communication, network structures and topologies, transmission mediums such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cable, and optical fibers, and network protocols. It describes essential components for communication including a message, transmitter, transmission medium, receiver, and destination. Common network topologies like bus, star, ring and variations are explained. Characteristics of different cabling options are also outlined.
BFD is a protocol that can quickly detect failures in the forwarding path between two adjacent routers, including interfaces, data links, and forwarding planes. It operates in two modes: asynchronous mode where it periodically sends control packets, and demand mode where it only sends packets when needed. When a failure is detected, BFD triggers routing protocol actions to recalculate the routing table and reduce convergence time. It provides fast failure detection independently of media, encapsulation, topology, or routing protocol. Configuring BFD involves setting intervals at the interface level and enabling it for routing protocols.
This document provides an overview of basic network and routing concepts for the CCNP ROUTE certification. It discusses differentiating between dynamic routing protocols, network types including non-broadcast multi-access networks, connecting remote locations using various technologies, and understanding how different traffic types and overlay networks influence routing. The objectives cover routing protocols, branch connectivity options, and IPv6 neighbor discovery.
This document discusses setting up a redundant LAN network. It describes what a LAN network is and the importance of network redundancy. It then provides details on various methods for implementing redundancy, including creating VPNs, using redundancy protocols like HSRP and VRRP, basic routing, MPLS routing, access lists, NAT/PAT, and configuring redundant LAN connections. The document includes configuration examples and concludes that the project was a valuable learning experience for understanding real-world networking operations.
The document provides instructions to configure basic settings on a Cisco router and switch including hostname, enable password, login banner, IP addresses, default gateway, and remote access using telnet. The configurations assign IP addresses to interfaces, set passwords to restrict access to privileged modes, and enable remote management of the devices on the network.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) provides digital transmission of voice, video and data over telephone lines at high speeds. It uses dedicated digital channels that allow for faster call setup and multiple devices to share a single line. ISDN interfaces include Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and Primary Rate Interface (PRI) and supports transmission speeds up to 1920 kbps, offering advantages over analog networks.
The document discusses the development of 40 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet standards. It notes that in 2006, the IEEE determined these faster speeds were needed - 40 Gbps for computing and 100 Gbps for network aggregation. The IEEE formed a task force in 2008 to develop these standards. Key aspects included preserving the Ethernet frame format while supporting faster speeds over fiber and copper cable. The physical coding sublayer implements a multilane distribution scheme to help meet engineering challenges, distributing data across multiple "lanes" to support various interface widths.
The document provides an overview of ZTE's NR8000 microwave solution, including:
1) The NR8000 platform can be used for access, relay, and hub stations across a wide range of frequency bands and supports technologies like header compression, adaptive coding and modulation, and physical layer aggregation.
2) The portfolio includes the NR8120, NR8250, and NR8950 products, which support capacities up to 1Gbps and integrate TDM and Ethernet traffic on a unified hybrid and packet platform.
3) The solution provides high reliability features like 1+1, 1+0 protection configurations, ring protection protocols, and SNCP/SNCP+ to double network capacity.
Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic. There are several key components involved in routing, including routing algorithms, routing tables, and routing protocols. Common routing algorithms include distance vector algorithms like RIP, which use periodic updates between routers to share routing information, and link state algorithms like OSPF, which flood link state information to all routers to enable shortest path calculations. The Internet uses a hierarchical routing model with intra-domain routing protocols like OSPF and inter-domain routing with BGP.
This document provides an introduction to using NS2 (Network Simulator 2) for network simulation. It recommends using Linux over Windows for NS2 as support has been stopped for Windows beyond a certain version. It outlines some basic Linux commands needed for working with NS2 and describes NS2's architecture which uses C++ for implementation and OTCL for the user interface with TclCL providing the interface between them. It also gives a brief overview of NS2's capabilities for simulating protocols and networking entities and describes OTCL with examples of defining classes and objects.
The document discusses considerations for designing an EPON network. It covers bandwidth requirements, splitting architecture options including 1-stage and 2-stage splitting, maximum transmission distances depending on splitting ratios, calculating the optical power budget, services that can be provided over EPON including FTTH and FTTB/C, upgrading existing networks, required network nodes and equipment, and cable types.
The document outlines the concepts, operations, and security of wireless local area networks (WLANs) as per Cisco's guidelines. It covers wireless LAN technologies, configurations, channel management, and various types of threats, including rogue access points and man-in-the-middle attacks. Additionally, it highlights the importance of implementing security mechanisms such as authentication and encryption to protect WLANs.
This document provides an overview of IP addressing, including definitions, types of IP addresses (static, dynamic, public, private), and the structure of IPv4 addresses. It also discusses the history and functioning of the TCP/IP protocol suite, including the role of subnetting and the limitations of classful addressing. Additionally, the document briefly mentions the differences between IPv4 and IPv6, highlighting the increasing prevalence of IPv4 in network usage.
This document provides an overview of networking software and commands used in Windows 10. It discusses setting the IP configuration, including obtaining IP addresses dynamically from a DHCP server or manually configuring a static IP. Common networking commands and software introduced include ipconfig for viewing IP settings, ping for testing network connectivity, and Wireshark for network packet capture and analysis. The document emphasizes that networking software helps users explore, configure, troubleshoot and manage networks, while remaining transparent to end users of network services.
This document provides a table of contents and overview of useful ABAP transactions, programs, functions, and topics for ABAP programming. It covers transactions and tools for EDI, IDoc, message control, sales, reports, object programming, file processing, and more. The document serves as a reference guide for SAP developers.
The document provides an overview of traditional campus network designs and introduces some concepts for campus network design. It discusses traditional router and hub campus designs and moves to newer designs using virtual LAN (VLAN) technologies and multilayer switching. The key concepts covered include the access, distribution and core layers, switch blocks, core blocks, and considerations around sizing and redundancy in campus network designs.
The document discusses ZYXEL's next-generation GPON FTTH solutions, detailing the architecture and components of passive optical networks (PON) used for broadband connectivity. It outlines various applications, benefits, and cost advantages of GPON technology, emphasizing its capacity for high-speed data transmission and simplified deployment. Additionally, it provides an overview of ZYXEL's OLT product portfolio and emphasizes management tools for service providers.
BGP is an inter-AS routing protocol used to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems on the internet. It uses path vector routing rather than distance vector, and carries richer metric information than IGPs. BGP configurations establish neighbor relationships between routers in different ASes to exchange routing updates.
This document provides an overview of optical fiber communication. It discusses the introduction of optical fiber, including its composition and small diameter. The history of optical fiber is summarized, from early experiments in the 1840s to widespread telecommunication use in the late 20th century. The document outlines the principle of total internal reflection that allows transmission through optical fibers and describes the main types of fibers based on mode and refractive index. Applications and advantages of optical fiber communication are also mentioned.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network technology designed for applications in healthcare, fitness, security, and home entertainment, offering low power consumption and long battery life. It operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band with various channel and advertising mechanisms to facilitate device discovery and connections. The protocol encompasses roles for devices, security mechanisms, and profiles tailored to specific domains such as healthcare and fitness.
The document discusses different optical access network architectures including Fiber To The Building (FTTB), Fiber To The Curb (FTTC), and Fiber To The Home (FTTH). It also describes Passive Optical Networks (PON) and Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) technologies. Specifically, GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiple access to enable bidirectional communication between an optical line terminal and multiple optical network terminals over a single fiber at data rates of 2.5 Gbps downstream and 1.2 Gbps upstream.
The document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology, detailing its architecture including piconets and scatternets, as well as the various layers such as radio, baseband, and L2CAP. It describes the frame formats and types used in Bluetooth communication, highlighting the role of each layer and the mechanisms for data transmission. Additionally, it cites references for further reading on data communication and networking.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), introduced as IEEE 802.1w in 2001, significantly improves the convergence time after topology changes when compared to the original Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), allowing response times within milliseconds. RSTP features three port states (discarding, learning, forwarding) and five port roles (root, designated, alternate, backup, disabled) to enhance efficiency and compatibility with STP. The protocol operates with advanced mechanisms like the proposal/agreement process for rapid transitions and integrates well within networks using both RSTP and STP protocols.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) provides digital transmission of voice, video and data over telephone lines at high speeds. It uses dedicated digital channels that allow for faster call setup and multiple devices to share a single line. ISDN interfaces include Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and Primary Rate Interface (PRI) and supports transmission speeds up to 1920 kbps, offering advantages over analog networks.
The document discusses the development of 40 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet standards. It notes that in 2006, the IEEE determined these faster speeds were needed - 40 Gbps for computing and 100 Gbps for network aggregation. The IEEE formed a task force in 2008 to develop these standards. Key aspects included preserving the Ethernet frame format while supporting faster speeds over fiber and copper cable. The physical coding sublayer implements a multilane distribution scheme to help meet engineering challenges, distributing data across multiple "lanes" to support various interface widths.
The document provides an overview of ZTE's NR8000 microwave solution, including:
1) The NR8000 platform can be used for access, relay, and hub stations across a wide range of frequency bands and supports technologies like header compression, adaptive coding and modulation, and physical layer aggregation.
2) The portfolio includes the NR8120, NR8250, and NR8950 products, which support capacities up to 1Gbps and integrate TDM and Ethernet traffic on a unified hybrid and packet platform.
3) The solution provides high reliability features like 1+1, 1+0 protection configurations, ring protection protocols, and SNCP/SNCP+ to double network capacity.
Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic. There are several key components involved in routing, including routing algorithms, routing tables, and routing protocols. Common routing algorithms include distance vector algorithms like RIP, which use periodic updates between routers to share routing information, and link state algorithms like OSPF, which flood link state information to all routers to enable shortest path calculations. The Internet uses a hierarchical routing model with intra-domain routing protocols like OSPF and inter-domain routing with BGP.
This document provides an introduction to using NS2 (Network Simulator 2) for network simulation. It recommends using Linux over Windows for NS2 as support has been stopped for Windows beyond a certain version. It outlines some basic Linux commands needed for working with NS2 and describes NS2's architecture which uses C++ for implementation and OTCL for the user interface with TclCL providing the interface between them. It also gives a brief overview of NS2's capabilities for simulating protocols and networking entities and describes OTCL with examples of defining classes and objects.
The document discusses considerations for designing an EPON network. It covers bandwidth requirements, splitting architecture options including 1-stage and 2-stage splitting, maximum transmission distances depending on splitting ratios, calculating the optical power budget, services that can be provided over EPON including FTTH and FTTB/C, upgrading existing networks, required network nodes and equipment, and cable types.
The document outlines the concepts, operations, and security of wireless local area networks (WLANs) as per Cisco's guidelines. It covers wireless LAN technologies, configurations, channel management, and various types of threats, including rogue access points and man-in-the-middle attacks. Additionally, it highlights the importance of implementing security mechanisms such as authentication and encryption to protect WLANs.
This document provides an overview of IP addressing, including definitions, types of IP addresses (static, dynamic, public, private), and the structure of IPv4 addresses. It also discusses the history and functioning of the TCP/IP protocol suite, including the role of subnetting and the limitations of classful addressing. Additionally, the document briefly mentions the differences between IPv4 and IPv6, highlighting the increasing prevalence of IPv4 in network usage.
This document provides an overview of networking software and commands used in Windows 10. It discusses setting the IP configuration, including obtaining IP addresses dynamically from a DHCP server or manually configuring a static IP. Common networking commands and software introduced include ipconfig for viewing IP settings, ping for testing network connectivity, and Wireshark for network packet capture and analysis. The document emphasizes that networking software helps users explore, configure, troubleshoot and manage networks, while remaining transparent to end users of network services.
This document provides a table of contents and overview of useful ABAP transactions, programs, functions, and topics for ABAP programming. It covers transactions and tools for EDI, IDoc, message control, sales, reports, object programming, file processing, and more. The document serves as a reference guide for SAP developers.
The document provides an overview of traditional campus network designs and introduces some concepts for campus network design. It discusses traditional router and hub campus designs and moves to newer designs using virtual LAN (VLAN) technologies and multilayer switching. The key concepts covered include the access, distribution and core layers, switch blocks, core blocks, and considerations around sizing and redundancy in campus network designs.
The document discusses ZYXEL's next-generation GPON FTTH solutions, detailing the architecture and components of passive optical networks (PON) used for broadband connectivity. It outlines various applications, benefits, and cost advantages of GPON technology, emphasizing its capacity for high-speed data transmission and simplified deployment. Additionally, it provides an overview of ZYXEL's OLT product portfolio and emphasizes management tools for service providers.
BGP is an inter-AS routing protocol used to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems on the internet. It uses path vector routing rather than distance vector, and carries richer metric information than IGPs. BGP configurations establish neighbor relationships between routers in different ASes to exchange routing updates.
This document provides an overview of optical fiber communication. It discusses the introduction of optical fiber, including its composition and small diameter. The history of optical fiber is summarized, from early experiments in the 1840s to widespread telecommunication use in the late 20th century. The document outlines the principle of total internal reflection that allows transmission through optical fibers and describes the main types of fibers based on mode and refractive index. Applications and advantages of optical fiber communication are also mentioned.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network technology designed for applications in healthcare, fitness, security, and home entertainment, offering low power consumption and long battery life. It operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band with various channel and advertising mechanisms to facilitate device discovery and connections. The protocol encompasses roles for devices, security mechanisms, and profiles tailored to specific domains such as healthcare and fitness.
The document discusses different optical access network architectures including Fiber To The Building (FTTB), Fiber To The Curb (FTTC), and Fiber To The Home (FTTH). It also describes Passive Optical Networks (PON) and Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) technologies. Specifically, GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiple access to enable bidirectional communication between an optical line terminal and multiple optical network terminals over a single fiber at data rates of 2.5 Gbps downstream and 1.2 Gbps upstream.
The document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology, detailing its architecture including piconets and scatternets, as well as the various layers such as radio, baseband, and L2CAP. It describes the frame formats and types used in Bluetooth communication, highlighting the role of each layer and the mechanisms for data transmission. Additionally, it cites references for further reading on data communication and networking.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), introduced as IEEE 802.1w in 2001, significantly improves the convergence time after topology changes when compared to the original Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), allowing response times within milliseconds. RSTP features three port states (discarding, learning, forwarding) and five port roles (root, designated, alternate, backup, disabled) to enhance efficiency and compatibility with STP. The protocol operates with advanced mechanisms like the proposal/agreement process for rapid transitions and integrates well within networks using both RSTP and STP protocols.
Statstical Genetics Summer School 2023
http://www.sg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/school_2023.html
Aug 25-27th 2023, Osaka University, The University of Tokyo, RIKENm, Japan
Protect Your IoT Data with UbiBot's Private Platform.pptxユビボット 幄塀氏芙
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Our on-premise IoT platform offers a secure and scalable solution for businesses, with features such as real-time monitoring, customizable alerts and open API support, and can be deployed on your own servers to ensure complete data privacy and control.
22. 原h | 児云夛
? 訳周蛍瓷(IF)
? Rり卦し(FOR)
22
disp(¨Please input 1¨)
x = input(prompt)
if x == 1
disp(¨Thanks¨)
else
disp(¨Nooo! ¨)
end
if 訳周A
(訳周Aに栽崑したときのI尖)
else if 訳周B
(訳周Bに栽崑したときのI尖)
else
(訳周AにもBにも栽崑しないときのI尖)
end
侘塀 箭
for (篳)=(兜):(巷餓):(挑)
(Rり卦すI尖)
end
侘塀 NUM = 100;
x = zeros(NUM);
x(1) = 1;
x(2) = 1;
for i = 3:NUM
x(i) = x(i-1)+x(i-2);
end
箭
巷餓は福待辛嬬
福待した栽巷餓は徭啜弔1になる
23. 原h | 児云夛
? 訳周蛍瓷(SWITCH)
? Rり卦し(WHILE)
23
disp(¨Input 1,2,3,or 4¨)
x = input(prompt)
switch x
case 1
disp(¨You Win!¨);
otherwise
disp(¨You Lose... ¨)
end
switch (篳)
case (1)
(篳==1のときのI尖)
case (2)
(篳==2のときのI尖)
otherwise
(どれにも輝てはまらないときのI尖)
end
侘塀 箭
while (訳周)
(訳周を困燭拷gRり卦すI尖)
end
侘塀 x = 0;
while x < 100
x = x + 1;
end
箭
24. 原h | 尖處麻徨など
? 吉しい
? 吉しくない
? 音吉催
? AND┐つ
? OR┐泙燭錬
24
x == 1
x ~= 1
x < 1 x > 1
x <= 1 x >= 1
x == 1 && y ==2
x == 1 || y ==2
AND
OR
x != 1 とする冱Zもあるので廣吭