Memory
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This document summarizes the three main types of human memory systems: short-term sensory storage, working memory, and long-term memory. It describes key features of each system, such as working memory's limited capacity of 7 chunks and its susceptibility to interference and time decay effects. Long-term memory involves encoding and retrieving items through recognition and recall processes that utilize different brain regions.
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ErgonomicsoriginsClean Agent Sdn Bhd
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The document discusses the origins and scope of ergonomics. It traces ergonomics back to Bernardino Ramazzini's work in the late 1600s studying occupational health hazards. It describes how ergonomics developed in the early 1900s with the growth of industry and technology. The document defines ergonomics as the scientific discipline concerned with the interaction between humans and other elements of a system. It outlines that ergonomics considers physical, cognitive and organizational factors in work environments and technology design.Ergo chair
Ergo chairClean Agent Sdn Bhd
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This document discusses ergonomic seating and posture. Some key points include:
- Sitting requires less energy than standing but poor posture can increase risks of musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic chairs can help support proper posture.
- Lumbar disc pressure and back muscle activity are lowest with a supported reclined posture between 110-130 degrees. Dynamic chairs that allow movement may improve posture over time compared to static chairs.
- Features like adjustable seat height, backrest height, tilt, and armrests allow chairs to support neutral postures for a variety of body sizes and tasks. Intuitive, easy to use controls are also important.
- Proper ergonomic posture is not oneErgo primer
Ergo primerClean Agent Sdn Bhd
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This document discusses important ergonomics concepts for preventing work-related musculoskeletal problems. It provides an overview of postures and motions to avoid, factors that can contribute to symptoms, and strategies for assessing your situation and improving it. These include ensuring proper work environment and practices, getting adequate rest, medical treatment if needed, and long-term focus on prevention through ergonomic solutions and lifestyle changes.Controls
ControlsClean Agent Sdn Bhd
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Controls are used to transmit information from operators to systems. Their design should consider factors like identification, shape, texture, size, location, and operational coding. The control-response ratio and type of feedback are also important. Controls should have an appropriate amount of resistance and order of control. Examples demonstrate both good and poor control designs, emphasizing clear coding through labeling, coloring, and positioning of controls.Ad
Memory
- 1. 息 Alan Hedge, Cornell University 9/99 Human Information Processing - II Human Memory DEA325/651 Human Memory Systems v Short-term sensory storage (STSS) v Working memory (Short-term memory - STM) v Long-term memory (LTM) Short-term sensory storage v Automatic, fast (< 1 second), temporary storage for each sensory channel. v Auditory system - echoic memory v Visual system - iconic memory Working Memory v Limited capacity, temporary storage system. v Capacity is approximately 7 賊 2 "chunks". v A "chunk" is an item of information. Working Memory - Chunking v Chunks are no single stimuli such as letters or numbers, but they can be larger units such as words, phrase etc. v Learning to chunk information dramatically helps to improve memory. v Chunked information is easier to learn and remember (phone #'s, SS#, credit card #'s). v Working memory requires uninterrupted rehearsal for maximum effect: v Maintenance rehearsal - helps to maintain items in short-term storage v Integrative rehearsal - helps transfer items from STM to LTM 1
- 2. 息 Alan Hedge, Cornell University 9/99 v Working memory can be disrupted by interference and time decay effects. v Working memory deteriorates with age. Working Memory v Time decay effects - as time passes more items are lost from STM (forgetting). v Interference effects (serial position effect) inhibit effective STM processing: v Proactive inhibition - items early in a list are remembered better than those in the middle, and interfere with these items as STM begins to fill. v Retroactive inhibition - items late in a list are remembered better than those in the middle, as STM capacity is met. Working Memory- Serial Position Effect Long-term Memory (LTM) v Involves item transfer from working memory: v Episodic memory - when and where an event occurred. Personal experience memory. v Semantic memory - verbal and numeric codes and their meaning. Memory for 'facts' v Semantic memory items stored as associative links in a semantic net. v Mnemonics can aid LTM performance (e.g. All Cows Eat Grass). Long-term Memory (LTM) v LTM involves: v Encoding - putting items into the store v Decoding - retrieving items from the store: v Recognition - familiarity with the item but unable to fully identify or name this item. v Recall - able to fully identify and name an item. v Age differences in LTM. 2
- 3. 息 Alan Hedge, Cornell University 9/99 Long-term Memory (LTM) v Recognition and recall use different brain regions. Long-term Memory (LTM) v Memory processes for 'what' and 'when' events require different brain regions. Long-term Memory (LTM) v Episodic (old/new judgment) or semantic (living/nonliving decision) retrieval tasks on old (studied) and new words. 3