MIDWIFERY-MINOR DISORDERS OF NEWBORN BABY

Jan 23, 2024Download as PPT, PDF1 like99 views

BRITO MARY

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

MIDWIFERY-MINOR DISORDERS OF NEWBORN BABY

The partograph is a graphic tool used to monitor labor and identify the need for intervention. It tracks cervical dilation, fetal descent, uterine contractions, fetal heart rate, and other maternal and fetal parameters over time. Recording findings from vaginal exams and other assessments every 2-4 hours allows providers to identify abnormal labor that requires attention. Using the partograph provides an effective way to document labor progress, transfer information, and recognize deviations from normal labor at an early stage.

MECHANISM OF LABOUR- OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGYBRITO MARY

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Labor involves rhythmic uterine contractions that progressively efface and dilate the cervix to expel the fetus. The fetus undergoes cardinal movements to accommodate the birth canal, including engagement of the head in the pelvis, descent through the birth canal, flexion and internal rotation of the head, crowning, extension and external rotation of the head to facilitate birth. Key positions of the fetus include the lie, attitude, and presentation, with common presentations being vertex, brow, and face.

UMBLICAL CORDBRITO MARY

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Diagnosis of pregnancy BRITO MARY

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This document summarizes the signs and symptoms of pregnancy across the three trimesters. It discusses subjective symptoms mothers experience like nausea and breast tenderness. It also covers objective signs examiners can detect, such as uterine size and fetal heartbeat. Pregnancy can be confirmed through urine or blood tests detecting human chorionic gonadotropin. Definitive signs include visualizing the fetus by ultrasound or feeling fetal movements. The document categorizes indicators as presumptive, probable, and positive based on what they directly imply about the presence of a fetus.

Preparation for safe confinementBRITO MARY

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The document discusses guidelines for safe home deliveries. It lists criteria for low-risk women who can have home births, such as healthy multiparous women without medical issues or prior C-sections. It also outlines how to prepare the delivery room, ensuring it is clean with good ventilation and supplies. The midwife's kit is specified. Advantages of home births include lower cost, comfort, and privacy, while disadvantages include lack of experts in emergencies and limited resources compared to hospitals.

Education for childbirthBRITO MARY

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Education for child birth is important to prepare both mother and father for the changes that come with a new life. Proper education can teach mothers about anatomy, relaxation techniques to reduce stress, and methods to reduce labor pain. It also provides knowledge of the stages of labor, available medicines, and newborn and postpartum care. The benefits of childbirth education include a higher likelihood of natural birth, avoidance of unnecessary drugs, preparation of body and mind, the father's active participation as a coach, immediate breastfeeding, and preparation for unexpected situations.

PRE TERM LABOURBRITO MARY

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This document discusses premature labor or preterm labor. It defines premature labor as labor occurring before 37 weeks of gestation. It notes the incidence varies from 5-10% and identifies several risk factors like a history of preterm birth, infections, low socioeconomic status, and complications in the current pregnancy from maternal, fetal or placental issues. Diagnosis involves regular contractions with cervical changes. Management aims to prevent, arrest or appropriately handle preterm labor and provide effective neonatal care. Predictors include multiple pregnancy, history of preterm birth and infections while prevention focuses on reducing risk factors, early detection and prophylactic treatment.

Precipitate labourBRITO MARY

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Precipitate labor is defined as labor with a combined duration of the first and second stages of less than two hours. It is more common in multiparous women and occurs due to hyperactive uterine contractions and diminished soft tissue resistance, allowing a dilation rate of 5 cm per hour or more. Risks for both mother and baby include lacerations, postpartum hemorrhage, uterine inversion or rupture, intracranial hemorrhage in the baby from rapid delivery without time for molding. Treatment involves hospitalizing women with a history of precipitate labor prior to delivery, suppressing contractions during labor, controlling delivery of the head, liberal episiotomy use, and inducing labor through membrane rupture and controlled delivery

ROLE OF NURSE IN MIDWIFERYBRITO MARY

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A midwife is defined as an individual who has completed midwifery education and is legally licensed to practice. Midwives provide care to women and families during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. They conduct antenatal exams, identify high-risk mothers, provide supportive care during labor and delivery, and work to prevent complications and promote health after birth. Midwives serve as counselors, teachers, and advocates for reproductive and maternal health.

CURRENT TRENDS IN MIDWIFERY BRITO MARY

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The document discusses how technology has advanced obstetric and neonatal care. It notes that while technology has improved outcomes by reducing mortality and morbidity, it has also increased costs and the risk of care becoming too commercialized. It also discusses various risks faced by older and younger mothers as well as low birth weight infants. The use of technologies like fetal monitoring has led to higher caesarean rates. Care is now more family-centered and alternative therapies are increasingly used.

PRECONCEPTION CARE &PARENTHOOD PREPARATION.pptxBRITO MARY

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This document provides an overview of preconception care presented by Mrs. John Britto Mary. It defines preconception care as interventions that aim to identify and modify risks to a woman's health or pregnancy outcome. The goals of preconception care are to optimize the woman's health, minimize risks to her and the fetus, and provide information to make informed decisions about future reproduction. The need for preconception care is to improve pregnancy outcomes and identify risks before pregnancy. Key components include early risk detection and prevention, managing high-risk factors before conception, and creating awareness. Elements addressed include nutrition, genetics, maternal age, environmental hazards, and medical history. The roles of midwives are also outlined.

MENSTRUAL CYCLEBRITO MARY

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The menstrual cycle occurs monthly in females from puberty until menopause. It involves the maturation of an egg in the ovaries (follicular phase), release of the egg (ovulation), and preparation of the uterus for potential pregnancy via changes induced by hormones like progesterone (luteal phase). If fertilization does not occur, these changes cease and the uterine lining is shed as menstruation. Menstrual disorders can include irregular or absent periods, heavy bleeding, or painful cramps. The cycle is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary glands.

fetal skullBRITO MARY

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The fetal skull is made of thin, pliable bones that allow it to compress during birth. It is divided into important obstetric areas including the vertex, brow, and face. The skull bones include the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones, which are joined by fibrous sutures. The sutures allow the skull to change shape during birth. Two soft spots called fontanels are present until the skull bones fuse together in the first few years of life. The document outlines key diameters and measurements of the fetal skull that are important for assessing fetal head position and size during delivery.

INTRODUCTION-MIDWIFERYBRITO MARY

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Obstetrics focuses on pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Midwives play an important role in caring for women before, during, and after pregnancy. The World Health Organization defines a midwife as someone who has completed midwifery education and training recognized by their country and is licensed to practice midwifery. Key skills of midwives include promoting health, managing care, independent action, initiating actions of others, undertaking prescribed care, communication, team leadership, following laws and ethics, assigning duties, and maintaining professional competence.

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