Mitosis(cell division)
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Chromosomes form through coiling and condensing of chromatin during cell division. Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, for a total of 46. Each chromosome contains DNA and genes. The cell cycle involves interphase and mitosis, resulting in two identical daughter cells through cytokinesis. Mitosis consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase where the chromosomes align and separate. Cancer occurs when cell cycle controls are lost, allowing uncontrolled cell division and tumor formation.
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![The cell cycle includes the following phases:
Interphase (include G1- , S- [DNA synthesis]
and G2 phase)
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Growth
The result is 2 identical cells.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mitosiscelldivision-130528050026-phpapp01/85/Mitosis-cell-division-4-320.jpg)
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Mitosisnorshamsina daud
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The document discusses cell reproduction through mitosis and meiosis. It provides details on:
1) The stages of the cell cycle including interphase and the phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase).
2) The key differences between mitosis, which produces identical daughter cells, and meiosis, which produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes.
3) The stages and outcomes of meiosis I and meiosis II, which reduce the chromosome number and lead to genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing over.cell division - mitosis
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This document summarizes the process of cell division through mitosis and its key stages. It defines key terms like chromosomes, chromatids, and interphase. It describes the main stages of mitosis - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. It explains that during cell division, the genetic material (DNA) is distributed into two identical daughter cells. The goal of cell division is reproduction of cells for growth, repair, and replacement of dead cells.2.5 Cell Cycle and Mitosis PPT
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Cell division allows organisms to grow and reproduce. In eukaryotes, cell division involves mitosis, which consists of four phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, duplicated chromosomes properly separate and are distributed into two daughter cells to ensure each cell has the full DNA complement. A loss of control of the cell cycle can lead to uncontrolled cell division and the formation of tumors.The cell cycle trf
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The document discusses the cell cycle and the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It explains that the cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and the M phase. Mitosis involves nuclear division followed by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells with identical genetic material. Meiosis involves one DNA replication followed by two cell divisions, reducing the chromosome number by half and producing haploid gametes. The stages of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) and meiosis I and II are described in detail.Recently uploaded (20)
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Mitosis(cell division)
- 2. Chromosomes form when the chromatin network in the nucleus of the cell, coil up, shortens and thickens. Each organism has a specific amount of chromosomes. All humans have 46 chromosomes. These chromosomes are arranged in identical pairs called homologous chromosome pairs Therefore humans have 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes. These chromosomes is only visible during cell division processes. One chromosome consist of 2 chromatids and one centromere that attach the chromatids together. Each chromatid consist of genes which in turn consist of DNA.
- 3. X andY chromosomes: gonosomes/sex-chromosomes Colored bands represents different genes
- 4. The cell cycle includes the following phases: Interphase (include G1- , S- [DNA synthesis] and G2 phase) Mitosis Cytokinesis Growth The result is 2 identical cells.
- 5. Allow an organism to grow. Repairs damaged cells/tissue. Replace dead cells/tissue. Reproduction in some simple organisms.
- 6. In all somatic cells (include all body cells and excludes the sex cells sperm/egg cells)
- 7. CONSIST OF A FEW PHASES: INTERPHASE PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE
- 8. Cell builds up enough energy for division process. DNA replication occurs Cell look normal, like before division
- 9. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear. Chromatin become more tightly coiled, and condenses into individual chromosomes. Chromosomes arrange randomly in the cell. Centrioli move to opposite poles, with spindle fibers stretching between them.
- 10. The centrioli reached the opposite poles with the spindle fibers in between. The chromosomes arrange randomly on the equator, each single chromosome attaching to a separate spindle fiber by means of the centromere.
- 11. The spindle fibers pull tight. The centromers attaching the chromatids of the chromosomes split in half. Daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles.
- 12. Daughter chromosomes reach poles. Nuclear envelope surrounds chromosomes. Nucleolus reappear at each pole. Chromosomes become less condense forming chromatin. Two identical nuclei has been formed
- 13. Invagination of the cytoplasm and plasma membrane occurs. (Cleavage furrow forms in animal cells and a cytoplasmic plate forms in plant cells) Continues until the cell in divided into 2 separate cells. (Identical to one another and to the original cell)
- 15. Cancer is caused by the loss of cell cycle controls in cancer cells. Cancer cells usually continue to divide well beyond a single layer, forming a clump of overlapping cells called a tumor. Malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize exporting cancer cells to other parts of the body, where they may form secondary tumors. They do not exhibit anchorage dependence or density dependent inhibition.
- 17. STUDY HARD!!!!