Modal verbs
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The document discusses modal verbs and their main features. Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive form of another verb without "to", don't take verb endings, and are never used with other auxiliary verbs. They can express ability, obligation, prohibition, certainty, possibility, and advice. The modal perfect tense uses modal verbs with "have" and a past participle to talk about past ability, certainty, possibility, impossibility, and criticism of past actions.
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Modal verbs
- 1. MODAL VERBS MAIN FEATURES MODAL VERBS MODAL PERFECT
- 2. MAIN FEATURES They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without TO) They dont use an s for the third person singular or ed for the past They are never used with other auxiliary verbs. QUESTIONS are formed by inversion. NEGATIVE is formed adding NOT to the verb
- 3. TO TALK ABOUT ABILITY: MODAL VERBS CAN/CANT COULD/COULDNT BE ABLE TO/ NOT BE ABLE TO TO EXPRESS OBLIGATION:HAVE TO/ DONT HAVE TO NEED TO/ NEEDNT MUST (not MUSTNT) TO EXPRESS PROHIBITION: MUSTNT CANT TO EXPRESS CERTAINTYMUST TO EXPRESS POSSIBILITY MAY/ MAY NOT MIGHT/ MIGHT NOT COULD/ COULDNT TO GIVE ADVICE TO MAKE SHOULD/ SHOULDNT OUGHT TO
- 4. MODAL PERFECT TO EXPRESS AN ALTERNATIVE PAST ACTION: CANT HAVE + PARTICIPLE TO EXPRESS A CERTAINTY IN THE PAST:MUST HAVE + PARTICIPLE TO EXPRESS A POSSIBILITY IN THE PAST:MAY/ MIGHT HAVE + PARTICIPLE TO EXPRESS A IMPOSSIBILITY IN THE PAST: COULD HAVE + PARTICIPLE TO SUGGEST A CRITICISM FOR A PAST ACTION:SHOULD HAVE + PARTICIPLE