Modem
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Modems are devices that modulate analog carrier signals to encode digital data for transmission and demodulate carrier signals to decode received data. They are used for data conversion. Modems can be classified based on their range (short haul, voice grade, wide band), the type of line used (dialup, leased), and their operation mode (half duplex, full duplex, simplex). Common types include internal and external modems. Modems work by modulating digital signals onto analog carriers for transmission and demodulating the signals back to digital on the receiving end. Modem speeds have increased significantly over time from 300 bps in the 1960s to 56 kbps in 1998 and up to 8 mbps with technologies like ADS
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bluetooth technologydeepak kumar
油
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses what Bluetooth is, its history and development by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. The key technical features of Bluetooth like its operating spectrum, data rates, encryption standards and classifications are explained. The document also outlines the Bluetooth protocol stack including the baseband, link manager and middleware layers. Common Bluetooth profiles and potential applications are reviewed. Finally, the security measures used by Bluetooth and its advantages compared to alternatives like infrared are summarized.Modem
Modemvenaychawda
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A modem is a device that allows computers to transmit data over telephone lines by converting digital signals to analog signals and vice versa. Modems can be external, connecting to computers through serial or USB ports, or internal, inserting directly into expansion slots inside computers. Modem standards have evolved from early speeds of 300 bps up to 56 kbps with V.90 and V.92 standards, and modem types include cable modems, DSL modems, ISDN modems, and wireless modems.Mobile communication cdr
Mobile communication cdrVivek Paripudi
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This document discusses mobile communication and call detail records (CDR). It begins by providing background on the increasing use of mobile phones and their advanced capabilities. It then explains the basics of mobile communication, including cellular networks, GSM standards, and full-duplex communication systems. The document delves into technical aspects like network components, addresses/identifiers used, and multiplexing. It defines CDRs and their importance for investigations by providing location data. CDR analysis is illustrated as a tool to trace criminals based on calls made near crime scenes.More from Amandeep Kaur (20)
Video/ Graphics cards
Video/ Graphics cardsAmandeep Kaur
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This document provides an introduction to video/graphics cards. It discusses the components and functions of a graphics card, including different types, color depth, bit depth, and uses. Graphics cards are boards that plug into computers to provide display capabilities. They work with the display monitor using circuitry and different color combinations determined by red, green, and blue light intensities at each pixel. Common uses include gaming, animation, drafting, and other purposes requiring fast rendering and high resolutions. Advanced graphics cards can produce effects like texture mapping, lens flare, motion blur, and Fresnel effects.Menu vb
Menu vbAmandeep Kaur
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This document provides code examples for creating and handling popup menus in VB. It shows how to display a popup menu on right click, determine which menu item was selected, and toggle font styles like bold, italic, and underline when their corresponding menu items are clicked. Code is presented for handling the click events of bold, italic, and underline menu items to toggle the corresponding font properties and checked state of the menu items.Menu pop up menu mdi form and playing audio in vb
Menu pop up menu mdi form and playing audio in vbAmandeep Kaur
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This document provides an overview of the contents to be covered in a presentation on using menus, popup menus, MDI forms and playing audio in Visual Basic. It will include three applications: a snake and ladder game using menus; a media player that plays audio; and connecting the two applications using MDI menus and popup menus. The snake and ladder game application will include picture boxes, labels, text boxes and buttons, along with coding for rolling dice, switch case statements and if/else functions. The media player will include text boxes and command buttons, and code to play media using the media player object. The final application demonstrates connecting the first two using an MDI form, popup menus and associated coding.Active x control
Active x controlAmandeep Kaur
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The document discusses how to create and run ActiveX controls in Visual Basic. It provides steps to create a simple calculator ActiveX control and system clock ActiveX control. The key steps include starting Visual Basic, clicking on the ActiveX control, giving the project a name, adding coding for functionality, adding the component to the toolbox, dragging it onto a form, setting the project properties, and executing the ActiveX control.Image contro, and format functions in vb
Image contro, and format functions in vbAmandeep Kaur
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The document discusses various aspects of using picture boxes and image controls in Visual Basic forms and applications. It covers how to add, load images into, format text in, handle events of, and animate picture boxes. It also compares picture boxes and image controls, describing how picture boxes allow more customization but image controls automatically resize images. Formatting functions for numbers, currency, percentages, and dates are also outlined.Data base connectivity and flex grid in vb
Data base connectivity and flex grid in vbAmandeep Kaur
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The document discusses database connectivity in Visual Basic 6 using ADO (Active Data Objects). It describes the Connection object that represents a connection to a data source, the Command object that specifies database operations, and the Recordset object that represents a set of records. It explains how to define these objects, connect to a database, execute commands to retrieve data, and manipulate the retrieved data in a Recordset.Toolbar, statusbar, coolbar in vb
Toolbar, statusbar, coolbar in vbAmandeep Kaur
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The document discusses different toolbar controls in Visual Basic - toolbars, status bars, and coolbars. It provides steps for adding each control to a form and customizing their appearance and functionality. For toolbars, this includes adding buttons, handling button clicks, adding separators and images. For status bars, it covers adding panels and displaying text. For coolbars, it outlines adding controls to the bands.Richtextbox
RichtextboxAmandeep Kaur
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This presentation covers four controls: the timer, combo box, rich text box, and slider. It discusses how each control works and provides code examples for using them. For the timer, it shows how to use it as a stopwatch. For the combo box, it demonstrates populating one and changing text color based on selection. The rich text box example adds formatting to text. And the slider examples set the range and handle value change events.Treeview listview
Treeview listviewAmandeep Kaur
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The document discusses different types of controls in Visual Basic including tree view, list view, chart control, and grid controls. It provides instructions on how to add each control to a form and set basic properties. Details are given on displaying data hierarchically in a tree view, displaying items in different views in a list view, creating different chart types, and using a flex grid control to display data in rows and columns.Progress bar
Progress barAmandeep Kaur
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The document discusses different types of graphical user interface components including image animation, progress bars, and tab strips. It provides details on how progress bars visualize the progress of long operations and how animated GIFs work by compressing multiple images together to create a mini movie-like effect. Steps are outlined for creating an image animation in a program by adding picture boxes, selecting images to add, making all pictures the same size, overlapping them, and toggling their visibility to simulate movement.Filehandling
FilehandlingAmandeep Kaur
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The document discusses file handling operations in Visual Basic. It defines a file as a collection of stored data and describes three types of files: sequential access, random access, and binary. It then explains various file handling operations like opening, closing, writing, reading and detecting the end of a file. It provides syntax for performing these operations and describes how to apply these concepts in a sample application for creating, appending to, reading from and writing to a file.Socket
SocketAmandeep Kaur
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A socket is an endpoint for communication between two programs over a network. It represents a connection between a client program and a server program. The server runs on a specific machine and port, listening for connection requests from clients. Clients know the server's hostname and port number to request a connection. If accepted, the server gets a new socket to communicate with that client while listening for new connections, and the client can use its socket to communicate with the server. Sockets are identified by their paired IP addresses and port numbers to allow multiple connections. The Java Socket class implements sockets to allow platform-independent network communication between Java programs.Ppt of socket
Ppt of socketAmandeep Kaur
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This document discusses socket programming concepts in Java including server-client communication using sockets, the InetAddress class and its methods like getLocalHost(), getByName(), and getAllByName(), and the Socket and ServerSocket classes. It provides code examples to demonstrate how to use these classes and methods to establish connections between a client and server and exchange data over the network.Introduction to computer graphics
Introduction to computer graphicsAmandeep Kaur
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Computer graphics refers to creating and manipulating pictures and drawings using a computer. There are two main types: passive graphics which have no interaction and active graphics which allow two-way communication and interaction between the user and hardware. Computer graphics has many applications including user interfaces, scientific visualization, animation, computer aided design, presentation graphics, image processing, and education/training.Introduction to computer graphics
Introduction to computer graphicsAmandeep Kaur
油
Computer graphics refers to creating and manipulating pictures and drawings using a computer. There are two main types: passive graphics which have no interaction and active graphics which allow two-way communication and interaction between the user and hardware. Computer graphics has many applications including user interfaces, scientific visualization, animation, computer aided design, presentation graphics, image processing, and education/training.Introduction to computer graphics
Introduction to computer graphicsAmandeep Kaur
油
Computer graphics refers to creating and manipulating pictures and drawings using a computer. There are two main types: passive graphics which have no interaction and active graphics which allow two-way communication and interaction between the user and hardware. Computer graphics has many applications including user interfaces, scientific visualization, animation, computer aided design, presentation graphics, image processing, and education/training.
Internet working
Internet workingAmandeep Kaur
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The document provides an overview of the internet including its history, components, positive and negative impacts, and future developments. It discusses how the internet began as a US government project and has since grown exponentially. Positive impacts highlighted include improved communication, access to vast information, entertainment options, and e-commerce capabilities. Potential negative impacts discussed are theft of personal information, spamming, virus threats, pornography, and internet addiction. The future of the internet is predicted to include increased cloud computing, improved interfaces, fewer viruses, enhanced online video/TV, and customized online experiences based on personal preferences. Various internet connection types such as dial-up, DSL, cable, wireless, ISDN, leased lines, and internet service providers are alsoReport on browser war
Report on browser warAmandeep Kaur
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Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera are some of the most popular web browsers currently available. They each have different histories, features and market shares. This document provides an overview of the key details and differences between these major browsers.Report of internet connections
Report of internet connectionsAmandeep Kaur
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The document discusses various types of internet connections including dial-up, ISDN, DSL, cable, T-carrier, USB, satellite, 3G, 4G and provides details on their speeds and advantages. It compares these connections and discusses the future scope of internet technologies.Modem
- 1. Modems Presented ByPalwinderKaur8/19/2010How Modem Works!!1
- 2. ModemFormal Definition A油modem油(modulator-demodulator) is a油device油that油modulates油an analog carrier油signal油to encode油digital油information, and also油demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. So it is Data Conversion Equipment.8/19/2010How Modem Works!!2
- 3. The Origin of Modem8/19/2010How Modem Works!!3
- 4. Classification of ModemsBased on RangeShort HaulVoice Grade Wide Band8/19/2010How Modem Works!!4
- 5. ContinueBased on Line TypeDialup Leased /Private8/19/2010How Modem Works!!5
- 6. ContinueBased on Operation ModeHalf DuplexFull DuplexSimplex8/19/2010How Modem Works!!6
- 7. Types of ModemInternal ModemExternal Modem8/19/2010How Modem Works!!7
- 9. How it Works8/19/2010How Modem Works!!9
- 11. Speed Variations From 1960 to till now!!300 bps - 1960s through 1983 or so1200 bps - Gained popularity in 1984 and 19852400 bps9600 bps - First appeared in late 1990 and early 199119.2 kilobits per second (Kbps)33.6 Kbps56 Kbps - Became the standard in 1998ADSL, with theoretical maximum of up to 8 megabits per second (Mbps) - Gained popularity in 19998/19/2010How Modem Works!!11
- 12. Future Trends 8/19/2010How Modem Works!!12