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- African music incorporates
all the major instrumental
genres of Western Music,
including strings, winds, and
percussion, along with
tremendous variety of specific
African musical instruments.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF
TRADITIONAL AFRICAN
INSTRUMENTS
• IDIOPHONES
• MEMBRANOPHONES
• LAMELLAPHONE
• CHORDOPHONES
• AEROPHONES

IDIOPHONES
- These are percussion instruments that either
struck with a mallet or against one another.

BALAFON
•It is a West African
xylophone. It is a
pitched percussion
instrument with bars
made from logs or
bamboo

RATTLES
• Rattles are vessels made
of seashells, tin, basketry,
animal hoofs, horn, wood,
metal, cocoons, palm
kernels, or tortoise shells

AGOGO
•It is a single bell or multiple
bells that had its origins in
traditional Yoruba Music as
well as Samba Bateria
(percussion) ensembles. The
agogo may be called as
“the oldest samba
instrument” and has the
highest pitch among the
bateria instruments

ATINGTING KON
•Are slit gongs used as
communication between
villages. In certain cases,
their sound should carry
for miles through forest
and across water
neighboring islands.

SLIT DRUM
A hollow
percussion
instrument.
Although referred
to as drum, it
more of an
idiophone

DJEMBE
- Is one of the best known
African drums. It is
shaped like a large
goblet and played with
bare hands. The body is
carved from hollowed
trunk and is covered by
goat skin.

SHEKERE
Is a type of gourd and
shell megaphone from
West Africa consisting
of a dried gourd with
beads woven into a
net covering the
gourd.

•Agbe is another dried gourd with
cowrie shells or beads usually strung
with white cotton thread.
•Axatse is a small gourd held by the
neck and placed between hand
and leg.

RASP
• A rasp or a scraper, is a
hand percussion
instrument whose sound is
produced by scraping the
notches on a piece of
wood with a stick, creating
a series of rattling effects.

MEMBRANOPHONES
- Are instruments usually drums, which
have vibrating animal membranes.
Their shapes maybe conical,
cylindrical, barrel, hour-glass, globular,
or kettle, and are played with sticks,
hands, or a combination of both.

BODY
PERCUSSION
- Aside from using their
voices- since many of
them are superb
singers- they also clap
their hands, slap their
thighs, pound their
upper arms or chests,
or shuffle or stomp
their feet.

TALKING DRUM
It is used to send messages to
announce births, deaths,
marriages, sporting events,
dances, initiation, or war.
Sometimes, the messages
may even contain a gossip or
joke.

LAMELLOPHONE
- A set of plucked tongues or keys
mounted on a sound board. It is
known by different names according
to the regions such as mbira, karimba,
kisaanj, and likembe.

MBIRA
• Is from Zimbabwe that is
used throughout the
continent. An important
feature of this instrument is
its chiming, cyclical nature,
which each new repetition
varying slightly from the last.

CHORDOPHONES
•Are instruments which produce
sounds from the vibrations of strings.
These include bows, harps, lutes,
zithers, and lyres of various sizes.

MUSICAL BOW
•It is the oldest and one of
the most widely- used
string instruments of Africa.
The principal types are the
mouth bow, the resonator
bow, and the earth bow.

MOUTH BOW
• Consist of single string attached
to each end of a curved stick,
similar to bow and arrow. The
string is held in the mouth and
the string is either plucked or
struck with another stick
producing a percussive yet
delicate sound.

RESONATOR BOW
•Is a form of mouth bow
with a calabash
resonator attached at its
mid- point.

EARTH BOW
•Also called as ground
bow or pit harp- consist
of a flexible pole which is
planted in the ground.

LUTE
•Originating from
the Arabic states,
is shaped like the
modern guitar
and played in
similar fashion.

KORA
•Africa's most
sophisticated harp,
while having
features similar to a
lute. Its body is
made from a gourd
or calabash.

ZITHER
• Is a stringed instrument with
varying sizes and shapes
whose strings are stretched
along its body. Among the
types of African Zither are
the Raft or Inanga zither
from Burundi, the tubular or
Valiha Zither from Malagasi,
and the harp or Mvet Zither
from Cameroon.

ZEZE
•Is a fiddle from Sub-
Saharan Africa with a bow,
a small wooden stick, or
plucked with the fingers. It
is also known by the name
tzetze or dzendze, izeze
and endingidi; and in
Madagascar it is called
lokanga voatavo.

AEROPHONES
•Are musical instruments that produce
sound primarily by trapping or enclosing
a body or a column of air and causing
it to vibrate. Flutes in various sizes and
shapes, panpipes, horns, whistles, gourd
and shell megaphones, and animal
horn and wooden trumpets fall under
this category.

FLUTES
•They are usually
fashioned from a
single tube closed at
one end and blown,
while being held
either vertically or
side- blown.

HORNS
•Horns and trumpets are
found almost everywhere
in Africa, and are
commonly made from
elephant tusks and animal
horns. With their varied
attractive shapes, these
instruments maybe either
end- blown or side- blown.

REED PIPES
•These are single- reed
pipes made from
hollow guinea corn or
sorghum stems, where
the reed is as flap
partially cut from the
stem near one end.

WHISTLES
•Are found throughout
the continent and
can be made up of
wood or other
materials. Short
pieces of horn serve
as whistles, often with
a short tube inserted
into the mouthpiece.

TRUMPETS
•African trumpets are
made of wood, metal,
animal horns, elephants
tusks, and gourds,
ornamented with snake
or crocodile skin or the
hide of zebras, leopards,
and other animals.

Identify the following
Traditional African
Instruments.

Music 10- MUSICAL-INSTRUMENTS-OF-AFRICA-1.pptx

6. This instrument is
originally an Asian
instrument that follows
a structure of a piano.

7. What do we call these
language which is
composed of series of
beats and pauses that
made it possible to send
highly specific messages?

8. This instrument has
the highest pitch
among the instruments
used among the
bateria instruments.

9. This instrument is
used as
communication
between villages.

10. It is a single bell or
multiple bells that
had its origins in
traditional Yoruba
Music.

11. Although referred
as a drum, this
instrument is more of an
idiophone rather than
as a membranophone.

12. In Djembe, the
bigger the drum, the
lower the
_____________________
___?

13.This classification
of instruments
produces sound with
the use of vibrating
animal membranes.

14. Clapping of hands,
slapping the thighs, pounding
the upper arms or chests, or
shuffling and stomping the
feet are examples of what
instruments?

15. This type of drum is
used to send messages,
to announce births,
deaths, marriages,
sporting events, dances,
initiation, or war.

16- 18. Give me
the three types of
musical bow.

19. These are
instruments which
produce sounds from
the vibrations of
strings.

20. This instrument is a
set of plucked
tongues or keys
mounted on a sound
board.

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Music 10- MUSICAL-INSTRUMENTS-OF-AFRICA-1.pptx

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