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- 1. Ethernet
- 3. Standards and Implementation The most common LAN technology. Different media (copper cable, optical fiber) Different bandwidths (10, 100Mbps Gigabit, 10Gigabit) Same addressing scheme Same basic frame format
- 4. Standards and Implementation History: First LAN was Ethernet, designed at Xerox. 1980: First Ethernet standard published by DIX (Digital, Intel, Xerox). 1985: IEEE modified the Ethernet standard and published as 802.3.
- 5. Standards and Implementation 802.3 OSI Model Compatibility: Needs of Layer 1. The lower portion of Layer 2 of the OSI model.
- 6. Standards and Implementation Layer 2 divided into two distinct areas of functionality or sub-layers. Logical Link Control (LLC) 802.2: To communicate with the Network Layer. Media Access Control (MAC) 802.3: To handle MAC addressing, framing and communication with the Physical Layer.
- 7. Standards and Implementation Layer 1 limitations were addressed at Layer 2.
- 8. Standards and Implementation Logical Link Control (LLC) 802.2: Communicates with the upper layers independent of the type of physical media. Media Access Control (MAC) 802.3: Controls access to the media. Not the only standard that performs the same function. 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) MAC 802.3 Ethernet 802.5 Token Ring 802.6 MAN 802.7 Broadband 802.8 Fiber Optic 802.11 Wireless 802.15 Wireless PAN 802.16 Wireless Broadband
- 9. Standards and Implementation 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) 802.3 Media Access Control (MAC) Ethernet Distance Connector 10BASE5 500m Coax 10BASE2 185m Coax 10BASE-T 100m UTP-RJ45 10BASE-TX 100m UTP-RJ45 10BASE-CX 100m STP-DB9 1000BASE-T 100m UTP-RJ45 1000BASE-SX 550m MM Fiber -SC 1000BASE-LX 5000m MM/SM Fiber-SC Ethernet 802.3
- 10. Standards and Implementation Logical Link Control (LLC) 802.2: Prepares the data for the upper layers. Allows running multiple network protocols on the same machine. Each protocol is assigned a specific ID. Implemented mainly in software. Media Access Control (MAC) - 802.3: Creates the frame and addresses the frame with the source and destination MAC address. Checks for any errors using the FCS field. Controls the assignment of frames on the media. Controls the recovery of the media due to collisions. Implemented mainly in hardware.
- 11. Physical Implementations Most of the traffic on the Internet originates and ends with Ethernet connections. When optical fiber media was introduced, Ethernet adapted to this new technology. The success of Ethernet is due to the following factors: Simplicity and ease of maintenance Ability to incorporate new technologies Reliability Low cost of installation and upgrade
- 14. UTP Cable with RJ45 Coaxial Cable Early Media
- 16. Legacy Ethernet Hub Half Duplex: One way traffic. Necessary on a shared media. Only one device can transmit at a time. Collisions occur.
- 17. Switch Legacy Ethernet Full Duplex: Two way traffic. Not a shared media. Dedicated switch connection. A device can transmit and receive at the same time. No Collisions.
- 18. Legacy Ethernet Ethernet with hubs is designed to work with collisions. Collisions occur when devices transmit at the same time. Managed by CSMA/CD. As more devices are added, more collisions occur. As more collisions occur, network performance degrades. Half Duplex communication. Ethernet with switches is designed to eliminate collisions. Each device attached to switch only receives frames destined for that device. Full Duplex communication.
- 19. Moving to 1 Gbps and Beyond Gigabit Ethernet is used to describe implementations that provide bandwidth of 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) or greater. Built on the full-duplex capability and the UTP and fiber-optic media technologies of earlier Ethernet. New networking services require high bandwidth LANs. Does not always mean replacement of existing switches and cables .
- 20. Moving to 1 Gbps and Beyond Increased cabling distances enabled by the use of fiber-optic cable in Ethernet- based networks has resulted in a blurring of the distinction between LANs and WANs.