Non verbális kommunikatív viselkedés ottmár

Apr 16, 2016Download as pptx, pdf

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Andrea Ottmár

A non-verbális kommunikatív viselkedésről egy rövid kis áttekintés, vázlat.

Non verbális kommunikatív viselkedés ottmár

0 A kommunikáció információtartalma: verbális (7%),
paranyaelvi (38%), metakommunikáció (55%)
0 Legjobban kontrollált terület a verbális, ezt követi a
paranyelvi, végül a metakommunikáció (ez a
„legőszintébb”)
0 Ha a verbális kommunikáció nincs szinkronban a másik
kettővel, mindig az utóbbiaknak hiszünk.

A nonverbális kommunikáció
fogalma
0 Minden olyan kommunikációs tevékenység, mely nem a
nyelv jelrendszerének használatán alapul (egyéb
elnevezések: metakommunikáció, gesztusnyelv)
0 Ez a közléstípus elsősorban nem a tartalomról, hanem a
közlő érzelmi állapotáról, a partnerhez való viszonyáról
informál. A verbális kommunikációval való összhangja a
hitelesség alapfeltétele.

A nonverbális kommunikácó
területei
0 Paranyelv: a mondottakat kísérő hangsúly, hanglejtés, a
leírtak kiemelése aláhúzás, vastagítás, keretezés stb.
0 Kinezika: testtartás és mozdulatok
0 Proxemika: a partnerek térbeli viszonya, távolsága
(kulturális tényezők is meghatározzák!)

A nonverbális kommunikáció
funkciói
0 A kommunikációs kapcsolat ellenőrzése:
0 a.kapcsolatteremtés (szemkontaktus-ránézek)
0 b. kapcsolat fenntartása (bólintás, hümmögés …)
0 c.kapcsolat lezárása (zárómosoly, óranézés, toporgás,
köhécselés..)

0 Az én megjelenítése
0 Testi tulajdonságok (bőr- és hajszín, arckarakter, nemi
jellegek…
0 Személyes tulajdonságok (barátságos mosoly, agresszív
mozdulat…)
0 Státuszunk (öltözet, magabiztosság, testtartás, emblémák és
kulturális szignálok…) – ez utóbbit gyakran a környezet is
kiegészíti (rendelő, iroda, üzemcsarnok… és az ott
tapasztalható körülmények (rend, tisztaság, megvilágítás,
berendezés…)

Érzelmek (és viszonyulás)
megjelenítése (Ekman-féle felosztás)
0 öröm
0 meglepetés
0 félelem
0 szomorúság
0 harag
0 undor
0 érdeklődés
0 iszonyat

Paranyelv
0 Midig a verbális kommunikációt kíséri a kimondottak
hangzása.
0 A megfelelő légzéstechnika a jó hangadás feltétele.
0 A megfelelő hangerő az érthetőség fontos feltétele.
0 A hangszín részben biológiailag meghatározott, de
befolyásolható.
0 A hangsúly és a hanglejtés segítségével strukturáljuk
mondanivalónkat, ezt segíti továbbá a beszéd sebessége és
ritmusa is. Szólam: a kifejezés legkisebb egysége (szó,
szószerkezet vagy mondat), egy légvétellel, egy főhangsúly
alá rendelve mondjuk ki.

Kinezika - testbeszéd
1. az arc
0 a.szemek: szemkontaktus (beszélő: 30-50%, hallgató: 50-
70%), pupillák (szűk=ellenséges, tág=felfokozott pozitív
állapot), kacsintás, elkerülő szemmozgás, stb. A magyarázat
kezdetén és végén mindig van szemkontaktus – ha
elmarad=érdektelenség, feedback hiánya)
0 b. mimika: mosoly, nevetés, csodálkozás, összeszorított
száj…

0 2. a kéz – a gesztusok fő eszköze (keresztbe font karok,
nyitott tenyerek, zárt ököl, felemelt mutatóujj…)
0 3. a láb – ez a legkevésbé kontrollált (toporgás, dobolás,
csoszogás, térdkeresztezés…)
0 4. a test egésze, a testtartás – laza vagy merev, egyenes
vagy hajlott, stb. Poszturális tükör: egymás testtartásának,
mozdulatainak önkéntelen utánzása (egyetértést jelez)

Proxemika – távolságtan
0 A térköz, a kommunikációs partnerek távolsága is fontos
(gyakran kulturálisan is befolyásolt tényező: intim zóna –
személyes zóna – társadalmi zóna – nyilvános zóna). A
túlzott közelség, a másik személyes terébe való belépés
okozta túlzott intimitás pl. kompenzálható ellépéssel, de ha
erre nincs lehetőség, akkor a szemkontaktus kerülésével,
hallgatással, merev tartással is.

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Non verbális kommunikatív viselkedés ottmár

2. 0 A kommunikáció információtartalma: verbális (7%), paranyaelvi (38%), metakommunikáció (55%) 0 Legjobban kontrollált terület a verbális, ezt követi a paranyelvi, végül a metakommunikáció (ez a „legőszintébb”) 0 Ha a verbális kommunikáció nincs szinkronban a másik kettővel, mindig az utóbbiaknak hiszünk.

3. A nonverbális kommunikáció fogalma 0 Minden olyan kommunikációs tevékenység, mely nem a nyelv jelrendszerének használatán alapul (egyéb elnevezések: metakommunikáció, gesztusnyelv) 0 Ez a közléstípus elsősorban nem a tartalomról, hanem a közlő érzelmi állapotáról, a partnerhez való viszonyáról informál. A verbális kommunikációval való összhangja a hitelesség alapfeltétele.

4. A nonverbális kommunikácó területei 0 Paranyelv: a mondottakat kísérő hangsúly, hanglejtés, a leírtak kiemelése aláhúzás, vastagítás, keretezés stb. 0 Kinezika: testtartás és mozdulatok 0 Proxemika: a partnerek térbeli viszonya, távolsága (kulturális tényezők is meghatározzák!)

5. A nonverbális kommunikáció funkciói 0 A kommunikációs kapcsolat ellenőrzése: 0 a.kapcsolatteremtés (szemkontaktus-ránézek) 0 b. kapcsolat fenntartása (bólintás, hümmögés …) 0 c.kapcsolat lezárása (zárómosoly, óranézés, toporgás, köhécselés..)

6. 0 Az én megjelenítése 0 Testi tulajdonságok (bőr- és hajszín, arckarakter, nemi jellegek… 0 Személyes tulajdonságok (barátságos mosoly, agresszív mozdulat…) 0 Státuszunk (öltözet, magabiztosság, testtartás, emblémák és kulturális szignálok…) – ez utóbbit gyakran a környezet is kiegészíti (rendelő, iroda, üzemcsarnok… és az ott tapasztalható körülmények (rend, tisztaság, megvilágítás, berendezés…)

7. Érzelmek (és viszonyulás) megjelenítése (Ekman-féle felosztás) 0 öröm 0 meglepetés 0 félelem 0 szomorúság 0 harag 0 undor 0 érdeklődés 0 iszonyat

8. Paranyelv 0 Midig a verbális kommunikációt kíséri a kimondottak hangzása. 0 A megfelelő légzéstechnika a jó hangadás feltétele. 0 A megfelelő hangerő az érthetőség fontos feltétele. 0 A hangszín részben biológiailag meghatározott, de befolyásolható. 0 A hangsúly és a hanglejtés segítségével strukturáljuk mondanivalónkat, ezt segíti továbbá a beszéd sebessége és ritmusa is. Szólam: a kifejezés legkisebb egysége (szó, szószerkezet vagy mondat), egy légvétellel, egy főhangsúly alá rendelve mondjuk ki.

9. Kinezika - testbeszéd 1. az arc 0 a.szemek: szemkontaktus (beszélő: 30-50%, hallgató: 50- 70%), pupillák (szűk=ellenséges, tág=felfokozott pozitív állapot), kacsintás, elkerülő szemmozgás, stb. A magyarázat kezdetén és végén mindig van szemkontaktus – ha elmarad=érdektelenség, feedback hiánya) 0 b. mimika: mosoly, nevetés, csodálkozás, összeszorított száj…

10. 0 2. a kéz – a gesztusok fő eszköze (keresztbe font karok, nyitott tenyerek, zárt ököl, felemelt mutatóujj…) 0 3. a láb – ez a legkevésbé kontrollált (toporgás, dobolás, csoszogás, térdkeresztezés…) 0 4. a test egésze, a testtartás – laza vagy merev, egyenes vagy hajlott, stb. Poszturális tükör: egymás testtartásának, mozdulatainak önkéntelen utánzása (egyetértést jelez)

11. Proxemika – távolságtan 0 A térköz, a kommunikációs partnerek távolsága is fontos (gyakran kulturálisan is befolyásolt tényező: intim zóna – személyes zóna – társadalmi zóna – nyilvános zóna). A túlzott közelség, a másik személyes terébe való belépés okozta túlzott intimitás pl. kompenzálható ellépéssel, de ha erre nincs lehetőség, akkor a szemkontaktus kerülésével, hallgatással, merev tartással is.

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Non verbális kommunikatív viselkedés ottmár

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