Language,
7 likes370 views
The presentation provides general description of language, images and concepts. It slightly touches on origins of Language, structure of Language, phonemes, transformations, sign language, prototypes, language and cognition, the connection between language and cognition, culture and cognition and finally nonhuman thought and language. https://tuba-aydin.com/
More Related Content
What's hot (19)
Similar to Language, (20)
Recently uploaded (20)
Language,
- 1. Language Images Concepts Fatma Tuba Aydın http://www.psikoterapi.info.tr/ The Building Blocks of Thought
- 2. LANGUAGE • It is essential for communication.► • A flexible system of symbols that enables us to communicate our ideas, thoughts, and feelings. • Distinguishing features of human language; • Human language is semantic, or meaningful, unlike non- humans we can exchange detailed information about all kinds of object, understand each other. • It is productive, we can combine sounds to make new words, arrange words into phrases, and string phrases into sentences. • It is also characterized by displacement in that it is not limited to the here-and-now. LANGUAGE
- 3. • In 1866 Linguistic Society of Paris banned the discussion of the origins of language. • Adam In Eden task assigning names to all animals and plants. • In Tower of Babel, confusion of tongues. (Bible) • In mythologies language of Gods. • Chomsky, Kant humans born with a language instinct. • Imitating animals, sounds, sight pleasure moans. • Selective advantage of words rather than visual, ability to deceive. Origins of Language
- 4. • Language represents oral gestures already in use • Aroused from rhythmic chants and vocalism. • Linguistic monogenesis, protolanguage all other. • Spontaneous emergence (wolf children) out of human contact. Grace, Virginia twins. J.R.R.Tolkien • Nature& Nurture • Child learns how to speak through reward, punishment. ”wa-wa” water comes. Origins of Language
- 5. • Phonemes – Basic sounds (ph, t) exp; zip, sip • Morphemes – smallest meaning unit (words, prefixes) exp; red, calm • Grammar – Rules of how sounds combine • Syntax; rules for arranging words. SOV, SVO ► • Semantic; criteria for assigning meaning to morphemes • Surface structure – Phrases of sentence • Deep structure – Underlying meaning of a sentence Structure of Language
- 6. • There are about 45 phonemes in English, and as many as 85 in some languages. Phonemes
- 7. • Syntax and semantics enable speakers to perform transformations between surface and the deep structure. • According to Chomsky; speaking requires top-down processing, understanding sentences bottom-up Transformations
- 8. • Gesture,More elaborate manual • Baby sign, six sense. • Necesseriy for religious,scuba diving,stock exchanges,baseball,dumb people • Variations within a nation,international Gestuno;Vineyard S.L. in USA, Kata Kolok in a village in Bali • Rich, complex grammars of their own • Independent of oral language,USA, Britian Sign Language
- 9. • Nonverbal mental representations of sensory experiences Participants first rotated an image of one pattern in their minds until they could see both patterns from the same perspective, Than they matched the mental images of the pairs of patterns to decide weather they were same or different Images
- 10. – Mental categories for classifying people, objects, or experiences; dogs, books, cars.. – Provide a way of grouping experiences not to surprise when encountered. Concepts
- 11. • Mental model containing the most typical features of a concept. Prototypes
- 12. • Linguistic determinism – Idea that patterns of thinking are determined by the specific language one speaks Language and Cognition
- 13. • Eliminating words. (Rebel, Protest) • Unpopular wars called “Pacification programs”. • American War Department coined “Defense Department”. • Tuna did not become popular before labeling it “Chicken of the sea”. • Cola Turka, Zemzem Cola How does Language affect what we think?
- 14. A father and a son, had a traffic accident. They were brought to hospital, in a bad situation. A surgeon, who comes to operation room, exclaims after seeing them. “This is my son!!!!”. Who is the surgeon?
- 15. • All known cultures use categories to form concepts • Culture has an effect on – What information is included in a category – How categories are shaped by experience • In Alaska they have 20 words for different types of snow. • There is a relationship between a society's customs and values and the grammatical characteristics of its language. – -"Who is preparing dinner?” "The being her-mine." Inuit social life in which one's position within the group is much more important that one's characteristic as an individual. – In Eng. "I made him go home”, in Navajo; "Even though he did not want to go home, when I asked him to, he did.“ In Navajo social values, coercion is strongly rejected. Culture and Cognition
- 16. • Can animals think? Animals can communicate ,but do they have language? Nonhuman Thought and Language
- 17. • Animal language is modeling human language in non human animal system. • Animal language is not very complex. Bee dances, bird songs, whale songs. • If a chimpanzee sees a snake, he makes noise, or hides food. • Technical term for such messages is signs, about animal’s current state. Nonhuman Thought and Language
- 18. – Only humans, Chimpanzees and orangutans show signs of self-recognition. – Human infants demonstrate mirror-recognition at 18 to 24 months. Nonhuman Thought and Language
- 19. – Telegraphic speech is early speech stage of one and two years old that omits words that are not essential to the meaning of a phrase Nonhuman Thought and Language – Some chimps have learned to use keyboard symbols to communicate even without formal training – Chimpanzees have been taught to use American Sign Language –Chimpanzees have been observed using telegraphic speech (two-word combinations)
- 20. Fatma Tuba Aydın