More Related Content
What's hot (20)
Similar to Nutrition in plants cbse class 10 biology Life Processes Pt. 1 (20)
Recently uploaded (20)
Nutrition in plants cbse class 10 biology Life Processes Pt. 1
- 1. Nutrition in Plants CBSE Class 10 Biology Life Processes Pt. 1 https://www.facebook.com/ignitedmindscbse tuition classes
- 2. life processes • The basic functions performed by organisms to maintain their life on the Earth are called life processes. Life Processes Nutrition Respiration Transportation Excretion
- 3. Autotrophic Nutrition • It is the mode of nutrition in which organisms synthesise their own food from simple inorganic substances such as water and carbon dioxide. • Green plants are autotrophs. They synthesise food by the process of photosynthesis. • Photosynthesis is a physiological process by which plant cells containing chlorophyll produce food in the form of carbohydrates by using carbon dioxide, water and light energy. Oxygen is released as a by- product.
- 4. Chlorophyll – The Vital Plant Pigment Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in green plants. It is a complex substance made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and magnesium. Although there are nine types of chlorophyll, two types—chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b—are best known and abundant.
- 5. Chloroplast • Chloroplast is a membrane-bound oval cell organelle. • It is enclosed by a double membrane. Its interior contains closely packed flattened sacs called thylakoids. Chlorophyll is present in thylakoids. • Thylakoids are arranged in piles called grana lying in a colourless ground substance called stroma.
- 6. Section of Leaf • Cells present in the spongy mesophyll layer and the palisade layer contain chloroplasts; therefore, they are the site of photosynthesis.
- 7. Stomata • Stomata are minute openings present in the epidermal layers of leaves. They are responsible for gas exchange during photosynthesis.
- 8. Process of Photosynthesis • The palisade layer is the centre for photosynthesis. Light energy is trapped in the chlorophyll of mesophyll cells of the palisade layer of leaves. • The chemical equation for photosynthesis is
- 9. Two main phases are involved in the mechanism of photosynthesis: Mechanism of Photosynthesis Light-dependent Phase Light- independent Phase
- 10. Light-Dependent Phase • Light-dependent phase is also known as the Hill reaction or photochemical reaction. This phase occurs in the thylakoids of the chloroplast. • Activation of chlorophyll - On exposure to light, chlorophyll becomes excited and absorbs photons (a photon is the smallest unit of light energy) to get activated. • Photolysis of water - Energy absorbed is used in the splitting of water molecules into hydrogen ion (H+) and hydroxide ion (OH−). During this process, electrons are released.
- 11. Light-Dependent Phase • Production of reducing agent - NADP (nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate) picks up the hydrogen ion and is reduced to NADPH. • Formation of molecular oxygen - Hydroxide ion is oxidised to hydrogen peroxide which decomposes to form molecular oxygen (O2). Molecular oxygen is released during photosynthesis. • Photophosphorylation - Electrons are used in converting ADP (adenosine diphosphate) into energy-rich compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate) by adding one phosphate group. • The process of addition of phosphate is called phosphorylation. Because the energy used comes from light, it is also called photophosphorylation.
- 12. Light-Independent Phase • This phase is also known as the Calvin cycle or biosynthetic phase. It occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. • This phase occurs simultaneously with the light-dependent reaction. • The time gap between the two phases is less than one thousandth of a second. • Formation of glucose - Carbon dioxide is converted into glucose by using ATP and NADPH produced during the light reaction.
- 13. Experiment 1: Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
- 14. To test a leaf for starch
- 15. Experiment 2: To show that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis
- 16. Heterotrophic Nutrition • It is the mode of nutrition in which organisms cannot synthesise their own food, but they are dependent on other organisms for food. • Organisms exhibiting heterotrophic nutrition are called heterotrophs. • Examples: Yeasts, fungi, bacteria, human beings, tiger, monkey, birds, lion, cow etc. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
- 17. Types of Heterotrophic Nutrition 1. Saprotrophic Nutrition – • Organisms obtain their food from dead, decaying plants and animals. • Such organisms are called saprophytes. • Examples: Mucor, mushroom This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
- 18. 2. Parasitic Nutrition • Organisms obtain their food from the body of other living organisms. • The organism which feeds on another living organism is called a parasite. • The organism from whose body the food is obtained is called a host. • Parasites usually harm the host while obtaining their food. • Example: Cuscuta is a parasitic plant, plasmodium is a malarial parasite and roundworms live inside a human being’s body to obtain food. • Other examples include leeches, lice, tapeworms and ticks. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SAThis Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
- 19. 3. Holozoic Nutrition • It is a mode of nutrition in which organisms feed on solid food. The food is complex organic material which when ingested is broken down into simple inorganic substances by the process of digestion. • Examples: Human being, tiger, lion, bear, frog, fish, amoeba etc.
- 20. Does anyone have any questions? ignitedmindscbse@gmail.com +91 81141 14995 https://www.facebook.com/ignitedmindscbse https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsGu08EmuAY9H3L16bft1ig THANKS! tuition classes