Optical Wavelength converters
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Wavelength converters are devices that convert data from one incoming wavelength to another wavelength. They enable optical channels to be relocated and are achieved using nonlinear optical effects. Wavelength converters are useful in WDM networks for three reasons: 1) data may enter the network at an unsuitable wavelength, 2) converters may improve wavelength utilization on network links, and 3) converters may be needed when networks managed by different entities do not coordinate wavelength allocation. Common types of wavelength converters include optoelectronic, optical gating using cross-gain modulation, and four-wave mixing approaches.
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Optical Wavelength converters
- 1. Wavelength converters A wavelength converter is a device that convert data from one incoming wavelength to another wavelength. Wavelength converters Enable optical channels to be relocated. Achieved in optical domain by employing nonlinear phenomena. Wavelength converters are useful components in WDM networks for three major reasons.
- 2. 1) Data may enter the network at a wavelength that is not suitable for use within the network. 2) Wavelength converters may be needed within the network to improve the utilization of the available wavelength on the network link. 3) Wavelength converters may be needed at boundaries between different networks if the different networks are managed by different entities and these entities do not coordinate the allocation of wavelength in their networks.
- 3. Types of wavelength converters a) Optoelectronic approach. a) Optical gating - cross-gain modulation. a) Four-wave mixing.
- 4. Optoelectronic approach. This is perhaps the simplest, most obvious, and most practical method today to realize wavelength conversion. The input signal is first converted to electronic form, regenerated, and then retransmitted using a laser at a different wavelength.
- 5. (a) 1R (regeneration without reshaping or retiming. (b) 2R (regeneration with reshaping). (c) 3R (regeneration with reshaping and retiming).
- 6. Optical gating - cross-gain modulation Optical gating makes use of an optical device whose characteristics change with the intensity of an input signal. This change can be transferred to another un-modulated probe signal at a different wavelength going through the device.
- 7. Wavelength conversion by cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier
- 8. Four-wave mixing. The four-wave mixing phenomenon that occurs because of nonlinearities in the transmission medium can also be utilized to realize wavelength conversion. Four-wave mixing is usually an undesirable phenomenon in fibers. Can be exploited to achieve wavelength conversion. In four-wave mixing, three waves at frequencies f1, f2 and f3 produce a wave at the frequency f1 + f2 - f3 When f1 = fs (signal) f2 = f3 = fp (pump) => a new wave is produces at 2fp fs Four-wave mixing can be enhanced by using SOA to increase the power levels. Other wavelengths are filtered out.
- 9. Wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier.