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OUTLINING

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Miss EAP
Miss EAP

The document discusses different types of outlines used to organize information, including topical outlines and descriptive outlines. A topical outline uses headings and subheadings to show the topics, relationships between topics, and order of ideas from the original material. Effective topical outlines follow rules like enumerating headings from general to specific and requiring at least two subtopics under each heading. The document provides an example topical outline on the topic of jazz styles.

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OUTLINING
? A more-formal way to organize material ? reflect an orderly arrangement of ideas going from the general to specific
? TOPICAL OUTLINE ? DESCRIPTIVE OUTLINE
? made up of single words or phrases ? to organize material according to topics or subtopics or subjects ? show what topics are covered, the relationships between the topics, and the importance of the ideas in the order they were covered in the original material
? One rule for making a topical outline concerns how the topics are enumerated. Each additional division in an outline must contain information that is more specific than the division before it. Main headings are enumerated with Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.), the next level of subheadings is enumerated with capital letters ( A, B, C, D, etc.), the next level of subheadings is enumerated with Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), and the next level of subheadings is enumerated with lower case letters (a, b, c, d, etc.).
? Another rule for making a topical outline is that you cannot have just one subtopic; there must be at least two. So, if there is a subtopic A, there has to be a subtopic B. if there must be subtopic 1, there must be a subtopic 2. The reason for this is that if a topic is divided, there must be at least two parts, though there could be three or four or more parts depending on how many times it is divided.
I. Jazz styles A. Roots of jazz B. Jazz in society C. Elements of Jazz 1. Tone color 2. Improvisation 3. Rhythm, melody, and harmony II. Ragtime A. What is ragtime? B. Scott Joplin III. Blues
? more detailed and requires more explanation ? to fully organize your reading material
I. Jazz styles A. Roots of jazz 1. Started when European music was changing 2. Improvised, syncopated rhythm, steady beat, different tone colors, performance techniques 3. Not originally written down 4. West African, American, European Background 5. West Africa- improvising, drumming, complex rhythm 6. Call and response a. West Africa- originally chorus responding to solo b. Jazz- responding with instruments 7. In America, work songs, spirituals, gospels hymn, dances 8. Influence of white America-hymns, popular songs, marches, piano pieces B. Jazz in society ¨C originally for dancing and controversial for sexuality, now for listening and well-respected

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OUTLINING

  • 2. ? A more-formal way to organize material ? reflect an orderly arrangement of ideas going from the general to specific
  • 3. ? TOPICAL OUTLINE ? DESCRIPTIVE OUTLINE
  • 4. ? made up of single words or phrases ? to organize material according to topics or subtopics or subjects ? show what topics are covered, the relationships between the topics, and the importance of the ideas in the order they were covered in the original material
  • 5. ? One rule for making a topical outline concerns how the topics are enumerated. Each additional division in an outline must contain information that is more specific than the division before it. Main headings are enumerated with Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.), the next level of subheadings is enumerated with capital letters ( A, B, C, D, etc.), the next level of subheadings is enumerated with Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), and the next level of subheadings is enumerated with lower case letters (a, b, c, d, etc.).
  • 6. ? Another rule for making a topical outline is that you cannot have just one subtopic; there must be at least two. So, if there is a subtopic A, there has to be a subtopic B. if there must be subtopic 1, there must be a subtopic 2. The reason for this is that if a topic is divided, there must be at least two parts, though there could be three or four or more parts depending on how many times it is divided.
  • 7. I. Jazz styles A. Roots of jazz B. Jazz in society C. Elements of Jazz 1. Tone color 2. Improvisation 3. Rhythm, melody, and harmony II. Ragtime A. What is ragtime? B. Scott Joplin III. Blues
  • 8. ? more detailed and requires more explanation ? to fully organize your reading material
  • 9. I. Jazz styles A. Roots of jazz 1. Started when European music was changing 2. Improvised, syncopated rhythm, steady beat, different tone colors, performance techniques 3. Not originally written down 4. West African, American, European Background 5. West Africa- improvising, drumming, complex rhythm 6. Call and response a. West Africa- originally chorus responding to solo b. Jazz- responding with instruments 7. In America, work songs, spirituals, gospels hymn, dances 8. Influence of white America-hymns, popular songs, marches, piano pieces B. Jazz in society ¨C originally for dancing and controversial for sexuality, now for listening and well-respected