Past simple
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This document provides rules for forming verbs in the past simple, past continuous, and past perfect tenses in English. It explains that regular verbs are formed by adding "-ed" while irregular verbs have unique past forms that must be memorized. Examples are given of affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences. The uses of each past tense are described, such as using past simple for completed past actions and past continuous for incomplete or ongoing actions. Time expressions that can be used with each past tense are also listed.
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Past simple
- 1. PAST SIMPLE FORMATION RULES (AFFIRMATIVE) REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS VERB (bare infinitive) + -ed watch watched All persons have the same form I watched TV yesterday evening. She watched TV yesterday evening. Spelling problems. 1.Verbs ending in a mute e only add d. change changed NOT changeed 2. Verbs ending in consontant + -y -ied. try tried NOT tryed 3.Verbs with one syllable ending in C+V+C the consonant at the end is doubled stop stopped 4. Verbs with two syllables ending in l , -p and with the stress on the first syllable the last consonant is doubled travel travelled kidnap kidnapped 5. Verbs with two syllables and with the stress on the the last syllable the last consonant is doubled. Prefer preferred permit permitted BUT listen listened
- 2. IRREGULAR VERBS Irregular verbs are listed on page 138 and 139. It is necessary to learn irregular forms. eat ate drink drank All persons have the same form: I / She / They ate a hamburger yesterday. FORMATION RULES (NEGATIVE) Negatives are formed with did not (didnt) and the verb (bare infinitive). All persons have the same form. REGULAR VERBS: I / She / They didnt watch TV yesterday. NOT didnt watched IRREGULAR VERBS: I / She/ They didnt eat a hamburger yesterday. NOT didn卒t ate
- 3. FORMATION RULES (INTERROGATIVE) Questions are formed with did and the verb (bare infinitive). All persons have the same form. REGULAR VERBS: Did you / she / they watch TV yesterday? NOT watched IRREGULAR VERBS: Did you / she/ they eat a hamburger yesterday? NOT ate
- 4. USES Past Simple is used to talk about a completed action in the past. - Consecutive actions in the past. When Terri arrived, a child gave her a red rose. - A short action (introduced by when) happened when another longer action was happening. I was having a shower when the phone rang. - Describing how things were in the past.
- 5. TIME EXPRESSIONS YESTERDAY LAST YEAR IN 2004 WHEN THEN TWO DAYS AGO AGO is placed after the period of time and it means hace They left two hours ago (Se fueron hace dos horas)
- 6. PAST CONTINUOS FORMATION RULES (AFFIRMATIVE) Past continuous is formed with the past of the verb to be and the ing form the verb. I was sleeping. You were eating. Spelling problems. 1.Verbs ending in a mute -e -e is not written change changing NOT changeing 2.Verbs with one syllable ending in C+V+C the consonant at the end is doubled stop stopping 3. Verbs with two syllables ending in -l , -p and with the stress on the first syllable the last consonant is doubled travel travelling kidnap kidnapping 4. Verbs with two syllables and with the stress on the the last syllable the last consonant is doubled. Prefer preferred permit permitted BUT listen listened 5. Verbs ending in ie -y die dying
- 7. FORMATION RULES (NEGATIVE) Negatives are formed with the past of the verb to be(was /were) + not (wasnt / werent) and the verb (bare infinitive). He wasn卒t sleeping They werent eating FORMATION RULES (INTERROGATIVE) Questions are formed by inverting the verb to be (in the past). Was he sleeping? Yes, he was / No, he wasn卒t. Were they eating? Yes, they were / No, they werent
- 8. USES An incomplete action in progress at a specific time in the past. At eight oclock last night , I was writing an e-mail to my friend Rose. An incomplete action interrupted by another action. He was watching that famous TV show when I called. I was having a shower when the phone rang. Two incomplete actions in progress at the same time in the past (joined by while, and, as) Last year I was teaching English while I was studying at university.
- 9. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE FORMATION RULES Past Perfect simple is formed with HAD + the past participle. All persons have the same form. AFFIRMATIVE: I had stopped. She had stopped. They had stopped. NEGATIVE: I / She / They had not (hadnt ) stopped INTERROGATIVE: Had you / she / they stopped? USES A completed action which took place before another action in the past. The rain had stopped before I left. When we arrived at Sue卒s house, she had left.
- 10. TIME EXPRESSIONS ALREADY BY THE TIME AFTER BEFORE UNTIL NEVER JUST