PhD Thesis Abstract

May 23, 2015Download as docx, pdf

0 likes137 views

This thesis examines spatial variations in entrepreneurship across sub-regions of Great Britain from 2008-2010. It analyzes two prominent theories of entrepreneurship: the Knowledge Spillover Theory and theories emphasizing human capital and entrepreneurial ability. The results show that more knowledge intensive regions have higher firm birth rates, and a diverse regional knowledge stock generates more opportunities. Human capital is also vital to entrepreneurship, with university education being a greater source of ability than work experience. Factors like regulatory burden, financial constraints, unemployment, and lack of entrepreneurial culture can significantly reduce regional entrepreneurial activity. The thesis concludes with policy implications around intellectual property rights, entrepreneurial education, and reducing unnecessary public regulation.

Abstract
DANIEL JOHN SHILCOF
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY: A SPATIAL
ANALYSIS OF GREAT BRITAIN 2008-2010
Entrepreneurship is increasingly recognised as an important component of the contemporary
knowledge based economy and crucial to the attainment of economic growth and
development. However, entrepreneurial activity varies significantly across space within
countries. This thesismakes an original contribution by examining the determinants of spatial
variations in entrepreneurship across sub-regions of Great Britain from 2008-2010. Through
utilising newly available data on firm births and applying exploratory spatial data analysis and
spatial econometric techniques, two prominent theories of entrepreneurship are examined.
First, the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship posits that underutilised knowledge
by incumbent firms creates entrepreneurial opportunities. The appropriation of these
opportunities through entrepreneurial activity, in the form of a new firm, leads to dynamic
knowledge spillovers, which generate economic growth. The empirical analysis presented in
this thesis concludes that more knowledge intensive regions exhibit significantly higher firm
birth rates; however the composition of the regional knowledge stock is critical, as a diverse
knowledge stock generates more entrepreneurial opportunities. Second, several theories
emphasise the importance of idiosyncratic knowledge and human capital, in the form of
entrepreneurial ability, on the discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. The
results of this thesis suggestthat human capital is vital to the entrepreneurial process, and that
university education is a greater source of entrepreneurial ability than labour market
experience. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the regulatory burden of the public
sector, financial constraints, regional unemployment, and the absence of a local
entrepreneurial culture can significantly detract fromregional entrepreneurial activity. In light of
these results, there are several implications for policy which include: emphasising the
importance of effective policy towards intellectual property rights, targeting entrepreneurial
education initiatives towards university students and graduates, and reducing unnecessary
public sector regulation that can act as a ‘barrier’ to entrepreneurship.

This document discusses competitive business models in the Chinese market. It notes that the number of Chinese internet users has increased dramatically over the past 12 years, and that China is expected to have the world's largest e-commerce market by 2015. Foreign companies' focus in China has shifted from large clients to the fast-growing mid-market. However, selling on technology and quality alone is no longer sufficient, as Chinese domestic forces provide support to local industries. Effective operations and strategic infrastructure investments have become key challenges to achieve competitive advantages in China. The document outlines some approaches foreign companies can take when entering the Chinese market.

Is the Megapolis the answer? Patrick CheungSparkAsia

��

The document discusses the potential transformation of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Hong Kong into a megapolis amid economic changes in the region. It highlights Hong Kong's pivotal role in export processing and financial services, the challenges posed by rising labor costs and competition from other cities, and the vision for integrating Hong Kong and Shenzhen for greater economic collaboration. The emphasis is on innovation and private sector opportunities in response to these evolving dynamics.

FORMING CREATIVE TERRITORIAL (URBAN) CLUSTERS AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR SMALL BUS...IAEME Publication

��

The document discusses the formation of creative territorial clusters in the European Union and their significance for small business development. It highlights the characteristics, advantages, and clustering mechanisms of creative industries, emphasizing their contribution to job creation and economic growth. The paper concludes that the clustering of creative businesses fosters innovation and economic competitiveness in urban economies.

Offshoring Interim Report (1)Wes Lambert

��

This document provides an outline for a report on offshoring. Section I discusses reasons why companies engage in offshoring, including lower labor costs, advances in technology and telecommunications that allow work to be done remotely, and access to new markets. Section II covers different types of sourcing strategies such as offshoring, outsourcing, insourcing, and nearshoring. Section III discusses benefits of outsourcing, including cost savings, increased efficiency, risk management, and competitive advantages from flexibility and 24/7 operations. Section IV notes potential disadvantages like loss of control, hidden costs, quality issues, and cultural problems.

AAUWorkingPaperSerie (1)Pietro Andrea Podda

��

This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the impact of institutional distance on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to the Czech Republic. It discusses how previous literature has found that institutional distance discourages FDI, but these studies looked at countries with larger institutional differences. The Czech Republic provides an interesting case since it has institutional standards relatively close to both Western countries and other transitional economies. The paper uses a gravity model to test how institutional distance specifically impacts FDI in the Czech Republic, focusing on whether a moderate level of institutional distance deters investment as strongly. It aims to increase understanding of multinational enterprises' ability to deal with some institutional differences.

Bloody Administration And The Marvellous People On Internet - Startup Summit ...Věda, výzkum, inovace

��

This document discusses the startup ecosystem in the Czech Republic. It notes that while direct financial aid programs have supported over 75 projects with over 8 billion CZK, money alone is not solving crucial market problems with business conditions. These include human resources planning in schools and universities, public spending on research and qualified employees, and regulations from both the Czech government and the EU. It suggests that businesses need to be involved in strategic planning discussions at the national level to address long-term challenges in areas like education, science, research, and regulations that affect them. The document outlines some existing and potential financial and strategic instruments to support this, including structural funds, European Commission programs, and national resources from agencies and budgets.

REPORT: Chinese Investment in Europe 2014ESADE

��

The document provides an analysis of Chinese investment in Europe, highlighting the rapid growth of Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) and its implications for both economies. China has transitioned from a minor foreign investor to a significant global presence, particularly in Europe where investment opportunities are abundant due to the EU's stable environment. The report emphasizes the potential for growth in Chinese investments, especially in sectors like finance, technology, and renewable energy, while also addressing the challenges faced by Chinese firms operating in European markets.

120-Moncada-EU corporate R&D Intensity gapinnovationoecd

��

This document analyzes corporate R&D investment and intensity in the EU and other major economies from 2005-2013. It finds that while the EU saw stable R&D investment growth, there are no signs it will close the intensity gap with competitors. The EU's lower overall R&D intensity is mainly due to structural factors like sector mix rather than underinvestment. Individual EU firms invest similarly in R&D as competitors in their sectors. But smaller EU firms invest less in R&D than US counterparts. Most global corporate R&D is concentrated in the US, EU, Japan, and a few industries. The findings suggest EU policy should address industrial structure and attract more top global R&D investors to help achieve its R

Do You Have an Incapacity Plan in PlaceCheryl David

��

nvk resumeNawneet Kumar

��

This document is a resume for Nawneet Kumar, who has 15 years of experience in research and development roles related to fertilizer production and alumina refining. He has expertise in laboratory operations, quality control, process optimization, and documentation. The resume lists his responsibilities in previous roles, which involved testing chemicals, developing and validating analytical methods, maintaining quality systems, and preparing reports. It also provides details of his educational background and training.

Masthead ideasEmily Gleeson

��

Anaylising articles mediaEmily Gleeson

��

1) The document analyzes the layout, text, images, and other design elements used in feature articles in magazines. 2) Key aspects analyzed include the placement of images, use of different fonts to draw attention to different elements, inclusion of small details like page numbers, and modes of address in images and text. 3) The analysis examines how these design choices are used to represent the personalities and styles of the people or bands featured in the articles, engage the reader, and guide them to the most important information.

Twilio client for androidHiasyoshi Suehiro

��

Lincoln's assassinationelroycleland

��

After the Civil War ended in 1865, tensions remained high between the North and South. John Wilkes Booth, a southern sympathizer, assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C. Lincoln died from his injuries several days later. Booth was later tracked down and killed, while others involved in the assassination plot were tried and hanged. Lincoln's death deeply mourned across the nation as they lost their leader during Reconstruction.

Chapter 3 grammaramandamccartney

��

This document provides information about Latin grammar, including: - Personal endings in Latin verbs which correspond to person (I, you, he/she/it, we, you all, they) - Conjugations of present tense verbs - Irregular verb "to be" (sum) - An exercise translating Latin sentences and paying attention to verb endings - Prepositions and how they take either the accusative or ablative case - A mnemonic (SIDSPACE) for prepositions that take the ablative - The ablative case and how it expresses meanings like "by, with, from" - An exercise converting noun phrases to the ablative case

Presentation Skills Hajar Charkaoui

��

1) Preparation is key to successful presentations. Presenters should thoroughly prepare their content, structure, visual aids and rehearse their delivery. 2) Rehearsal is the second most important factor for success. Presenters should practice their presentation aloud, using short, clear sentences and an engaging speaking style. 3) Effective presentations have a clear structure including an introduction to engage the audience, a well-organized body with signposted content, and a conclusion that summarizes key points. Presenters should maintain audience attention through eye contact, movement and clear signaling of their progress.

Equipment list mediaEmily Gleeson

��

Linea de tiempo de calculokiubydemonio

��

Este documento presenta una línea de tiempo de importantes matemáticos y sus contribuciones al cálculo, incluyendo a Arquímedes, Kepler, Descartes, Fermat, Pascal, Barrow, Newton, Leibniz, L'Hôpital, Euler, Agnesi, Lagrange, Gauss, Cauchy y Riemann. Cubre los descubrimientos y conceptos clave en geometría, álgebra, cálculo diferencial e integral, ecuaciones diferenciales y funciones que ayudaron a sentar las bases para el desarrollo moderno del cálculo.

Incapacity Planning: What Is It and Who Needs ItSaul Kobrick

��

Sources Of Knowledge And Entrepreneurial Behavior David Audretsch Albert N Linkkatkaamerawa

��

Entrpreneur bookJarchin Raj

��

This document is a working paper that examines the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation, knowledge, and economic growth. It discusses how our understanding of these linkages has advanced in recent decades but is still incomplete. The paper aims to shed light on recent research regarding knowledge creation and diffusion through innovation, and the role of entrepreneurs in the growth process. It concludes by discussing policy implications, such as how regulation can influence knowledge production, ownership, entry barriers, labor mobility, and financial markets to facilitate the efficient spread of knowledge and conversion of knowledge into useful innovations and economic growth.

Entrepreneurship in the IndustryHariniJayasundara

��

The document discusses the role of entrepreneurship, emphasizing knowledge creation in identifying business opportunities and the importance of risk, autonomy, and access to resources. It describes knowledge spillovers and spinoff companies as essential mechanisms for innovation, supported by theories like the Marshall–Arrow–Romer spillover theory, which highlights the benefits of proximity among enterprises. The text advocates for a supportive ecosystem for startups in Sri Lanka, emphasizing the need for government and university contributions to foster new knowledge and entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurs, growth, citiesDallas Committee on Foreign Relations

��

The document discusses the crucial role of entrepreneurship in fostering economic growth, highlighting that entrepreneurship reflects a human universal, and is significantly influenced by urban environments. It emphasizes the importance of network externalities, competitive conditions, and adaptability in driving entrepreneurial success. The text argues that effective government policies should promote conditions that enhance positive externalities, as entrepreneurship is fundamentally a bottom-up process reliant on specialized knowledge.

Entrepreneurship innovation and public policyChinawut Chinaprayoon

��

The document surveys the intersections between entrepreneurship, innovation, and public policy, highlighting the importance of both top-down and bottom-up approaches in shaping entrepreneurial activity. It discusses theories of entrepreneurship and innovation, the role of institutions, and the need for coordinated entrepreneurship policies at various levels. Additionally, it argues for reconciling firm-centered and individual-centered perspectives to inform effective policymaking in fostering entrepreneurship and innovation.

Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial SocietyKROTOASA FOUNDATION

��

This document introduces a special issue on financial and institutional reforms needed to transition Europe to a more entrepreneurial society. It summarizes the key findings and contributions of the 12 papers in the issue, which address different facets of Europe's entrepreneurial ecosystem including access to knowledge, financial resources, labor markets, and how institutions and entrepreneurship drive economic growth. The papers find that Europe needs more fundamental reforms to improve its entrepreneurial ecosystem compared to past approaches. Access to knowledge, financial resources, and labor are particularly important for supporting more startups and challengers that drive innovation and economic growth through creative destruction.

7.RES-AlvarezyUrbano2012.pvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvdfdungquynh523

��

This document investigates the relationship between independence, risk-taking, and creativity on entrepreneurial activity across 42 countries, based on data from the World Values Survey (2005-2008). The study finds that both risk-taking and creativity significantly positively impact entrepreneurship, highlighting how cultural-cognitive dimensions influence entrepreneurial behavior. The findings advance literature on the topic and suggest implications for educational policies to foster favorable attitudes toward risk-taking and creativity, thereby encouraging potential entrepreneurs.

Driving Complexity in Economic Development: The Role of Institutions, Entrepr...elivishawke

��

Entrepreneurial opportunitieswolanita

��

This document summarizes research on the relationship between entrepreneurial environments, opportunities, and capacities. It reviews literature linking these three concepts and how environmental factors can influence opportunities and capacities. The study uses data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor to establish statistical models testing the impacts of environmental factors on opportunities and capacities across 13 Chinese cities. It finds that more favorable entrepreneurial environments are associated with more opportunities and higher capacities.

Cutting edge perspectives on growing entrepreneurs pdfNorris Krueger

��

This document summarizes a panel discussion on growing entrepreneurship at the International Council of Small Business in 2010. The panelists were experts in entrepreneurship research and programs. They discussed conceptualizing entrepreneurial potential as a function of potential entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The panel explored how ideas become realities through human capital like expertise and immersion experiences, as well as social capital like communities and ecosystems. The panel proposed a FIRE model for growing entrepreneurial culture through fostering entrepreneurial thinking, implementing ideas, re-energizing communities, and enhancing ecosystems. They also discussed new approaches like startup weekends and accelerator models for mentoring entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurial types and_economic_growthwolanita

��

1. The document presents a model exploring the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth. It argues that existing growth models focus too heavily on R&D expenditure and do not account for growth in countries with little R&D like China, or lack of growth in countries with high R&D like Japan. 2. The model distinguishes between two types of entrepreneurs - research-based entrepreneurs who incur R&D costs and imitative entrepreneurs who replicate existing technologies without R&D costs. It shows that a high number of imitative entrepreneurs can generate growth even with low R&D expenditure. 3. The model helps explain growth in emerging economies focusing on imitation rather than original innovation. It suggests entrepreneurship,

More Related Content

Viewers also liked (11)

Do You Have an Incapacity Plan in PlaceCheryl David

��

nvk resumeNawneet Kumar

��

Masthead ideasEmily Gleeson

��

Anaylising articles mediaEmily Gleeson

��

Twilio client for androidHiasyoshi Suehiro

��

Lincoln's assassinationelroycleland

��

Chapter 3 grammaramandamccartney

��

Presentation Skills Hajar Charkaoui

��

Equipment list mediaEmily Gleeson

��

Linea de tiempo de calculokiubydemonio

��

Incapacity Planning: What Is It and Who Needs ItSaul Kobrick

��

Do You Have an Incapacity Plan in PlaceCheryl David

��

nvk resumeNawneet Kumar

��

Masthead ideasEmily Gleeson

��

Anaylising articles mediaEmily Gleeson

��

Twilio client for androidHiasyoshi Suehiro

��

Lincoln's assassinationelroycleland

��

Chapter 3 grammaramandamccartney

��

Presentation Skills Hajar Charkaoui

��

Equipment list mediaEmily Gleeson

��

Linea de tiempo de calculokiubydemonio

��

Incapacity Planning: What Is It and Who Needs ItSaul Kobrick

��

Similar to PhD Thesis Abstract (20)

Sources Of Knowledge And Entrepreneurial Behavior David Audretsch Albert N Linkkatkaamerawa

��

Entrpreneur bookJarchin Raj

��

Entrepreneurship in the IndustryHariniJayasundara

��

Entrepreneurs, growth, citiesDallas Committee on Foreign Relations

��

Entrepreneurship innovation and public policyChinawut Chinaprayoon

��

Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial SocietyKROTOASA FOUNDATION

��

7.RES-AlvarezyUrbano2012.pvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvdfdungquynh523

��

Driving Complexity in Economic Development: The Role of Institutions, Entrepr...elivishawke

��

Entrepreneurial opportunitieswolanita

��

Cutting edge perspectives on growing entrepreneurs pdfNorris Krueger

��

Entrepreneurial types and_economic_growthwolanita

��

Entrepreneurship EducationAmit Gupta

��

This document discusses challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurship education in India. It begins by quoting experts on the importance of entrepreneurship education. It then outlines an agenda covering reforms to education systems, defining entrepreneurship education and its relationship to economic development. Key challenges discussed include developing entrepreneurship-focused curricula and creating a critical mass of entrepreneurship teachers in India. Recommendations call for partnerships across education ecosystems to foster an entrepreneurial mindset at all levels.

Ocde Innovation and networksMetaManagement srl Consulenza Direz. MPMI, Management Reti D'Impresa, Sistemi Premianti e Welfare

��

This document discusses local and regional innovation systems. It begins by defining key concepts like entrepreneurship, innovation, culture, and entrepreneurial culture. It then discusses why innovation systems are important by noting that innovation involves interactions between many actors. It outlines some key models of innovation systems like national and regional innovation systems. It provides stylized facts about innovation being spatially concentrated and the role of SMEs. It discusses different frameworks for analyzing innovation processes in regions. It then defines regional innovation systems as involving knowledge generation and exploitation subsystems linked to other systems. It notes some basic arguments for why regional innovation systems are important like the role of tacit knowledge and lower costs of interaction at the regional level. Finally, it discusses conditions for assessing

Iowa Science City ScorecardAlexandria Harvey

��

The document describes a science scorecard developed by Stifterverband to evaluate and compare the university cities of Ames, Cedar Falls, Des Moines, and Iowa City in Iowa. The scorecard measures quantitative indicators in areas like science, community, and economy to generate a city profile. It also assesses qualitative factors regarding each city's strategy, knowledge transfer networks, collaboration, and branding to provide a city in action analysis. The scorecard found strengths and weaknesses in the science presence, skilled workforce, innovation culture, and strategic planning of each city. It concluded by discussing opportunities to expand the scorecard's use and develop an interactive dashboard tool for cities to assess goals and identify best practices.

Entrepreneurship Competitiveness and Local Development Frontiers in European ...sevritseka

��

Measuring Skill Gaps in Qatar and the Arab WorldWesley Schwalje

��

The document discusses the challenges of measuring skill gaps in Qatar and the Arab world, highlighting issues related to human capital development and knowledge-based economic growth. It identifies significant skills deficiencies that hinder workforce performance and economic development, emphasizing the need for effective education and training systems to address these gaps. The analysis underscores the importance of aligning skills training with market demands and improving collaboration between educational institutions and businesses.

CASE Network Studies and Analyses 427 - Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth:...CASE Center for Social and Economic Research

��

The document discusses the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth, based on a master's degree research project conducted at University College Cork. It employs panel data from 26 European countries to formally test the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth, finding that while entrepreneurship contributes moderately to growth, it is not the dominant factor influencing total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates. The paper also emphasizes the need for a more comprehensive measure of entrepreneurship that captures its complex nature in promoting economic development.

Entrepreneurship And Economic Progress Routledge Foundations Of The Market Ec...bodsonategha

��

Success factors behind Entrepreneurship during economic crisis: A study of Sa...IJAEMSJORNAL

��

The document explores the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth during crises, focusing on a study of Sam Office Furniture in Erbil, Kurdistan. It highlights that entrepreneurs significantly contribute to job creation and innovation, with findings indicating that prior experience in the industry is more critical than educational background. The study emphasizes the importance of entrepreneurial qualities and social skills in determining the success of businesses in challenging economic environments.

2011 icsb workshop proposal aNorris Krueger

��

The workshop proposal for the 2011 ICSB conference focuses on translating research about fostering entrepreneurial activity into practical policy recommendations for economic development. It identifies three key predictors of entrepreneurial activity: the preparedness of potential entrepreneurs, cultural support for entrepreneurship, and the ease of growing a business. The workshop aims to convene experts to discuss comprehensive strategies and necessary changes in policy to create more supportive entrepreneurial ecosystems.

Sources Of Knowledge And Entrepreneurial Behavior David Audretsch Albert N Linkkatkaamerawa

��

Entrpreneur bookJarchin Raj

��

Entrepreneurship in the IndustryHariniJayasundara

��

Entrepreneurs, growth, citiesDallas Committee on Foreign Relations

��

Entrepreneurship innovation and public policyChinawut Chinaprayoon

��

Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial SocietyKROTOASA FOUNDATION

��

7.RES-AlvarezyUrbano2012.pvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvdfdungquynh523

��

Driving Complexity in Economic Development: The Role of Institutions, Entrepr...elivishawke

��

Entrepreneurial opportunitieswolanita

��

Cutting edge perspectives on growing entrepreneurs pdfNorris Krueger

��

Entrepreneurial types and_economic_growthwolanita

��

Entrepreneurship EducationAmit Gupta

��

Ocde Innovation and networksMetaManagement srl Consulenza Direz. MPMI, Management Reti D'Impresa, Sistemi Premianti e Welfare

��

Iowa Science City ScorecardAlexandria Harvey

��

Entrepreneurship Competitiveness and Local Development Frontiers in European ...sevritseka

��

Measuring Skill Gaps in Qatar and the Arab WorldWesley Schwalje

��

CASE Network Studies and Analyses 427 - Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth:...CASE Center for Social and Economic Research

��

Entrepreneurship And Economic Progress Routledge Foundations Of The Market Ec...bodsonategha

��

Success factors behind Entrepreneurship during economic crisis: A study of Sa...IJAEMSJORNAL

��

2011 icsb workshop proposal aNorris Krueger

��

PhD Thesis Abstract

1. Abstract DANIEL JOHN SHILCOF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GREAT BRITAIN 2008-2010 Entrepreneurship is increasingly recognised as an important component of the contemporary knowledge based economy and crucial to the attainment of economic growth and development. However, entrepreneurial activity varies significantly across space within countries. This thesismakes an original contribution by examining the determinants of spatial variations in entrepreneurship across sub-regions of Great Britain from 2008-2010. Through utilising newly available data on firm births and applying exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial econometric techniques, two prominent theories of entrepreneurship are examined. First, the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship posits that underutilised knowledge by incumbent firms creates entrepreneurial opportunities. The appropriation of these opportunities through entrepreneurial activity, in the form of a new firm, leads to dynamic knowledge spillovers, which generate economic growth. The empirical analysis presented in this thesis concludes that more knowledge intensive regions exhibit significantly higher firm birth rates; however the composition of the regional knowledge stock is critical, as a diverse knowledge stock generates more entrepreneurial opportunities. Second, several theories emphasise the importance of idiosyncratic knowledge and human capital, in the form of entrepreneurial ability, on the discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. The results of this thesis suggestthat human capital is vital to the entrepreneurial process, and that university education is a greater source of entrepreneurial ability than labour market experience. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the regulatory burden of the public sector, financial constraints, regional unemployment, and the absence of a local entrepreneurial culture can significantly detract fromregional entrepreneurial activity. In light of these results, there are several implications for policy which include: emphasising the importance of effective policy towards intellectual property rights, targeting entrepreneurial education initiatives towards university students and graduates, and reducing unnecessary public sector regulation that can act as a ‘barrier’ to entrepreneurship.

�ݺ�ߣ

PhD Thesis Abstract

Recommended

More Related Content

Viewers also liked (11)

Similar to PhD Thesis Abstract (20)

PhD Thesis Abstract