The document discusses the history and development of Philippine opera. It began in the 19th century with the arrival of European performers and was influenced by Spanish zarzuela. Tragedy became a popular theme. Some of the earliest opera houses included the Zorilla Theater where the first Filipino opera, Sandugong Panaginip, premiered in 1902. The document outlines important figures who advanced Philippine opera and divas who performed leading roles. It also summarizes several notable Filipino operas composed in the 20th century that explored historical and political themes.