PhoneGap allows developers to write mobile apps using web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript instead of native languages. It works by wrapping web content in a native container so apps can access device capabilities and be distributed through app stores. PhoneGap was created in 2009 by Nitobi and later donated to the Apache Foundation, becoming known as Cordova. While PhoneGap and Cordova are often used interchangeably, Cordova is the open source engine that powers PhoneGap. Using PhoneGap offers benefits like reusing web skills, shorter learning curves, and faster development.