Planning ppt on 11 2-12
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Planning is the fundamental function of management that involves anticipating the future and determining a course of action to achieve goals. It is goal-oriented, primary, pervasive across managers and organizations, intellectual involving imagination and adjustment, continuous as assumptions change, forward-looking to consider the future, and involves choice through decision making. The objectives of planning are to focus on objectives and results, reduce uncertainty and change, provide direction, encourage innovation, help with coordination, guide decision making, enable decentralization, provide economy, and facilitate control.
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This document discusses planning, including its meaning, nature, importance, advantages, disadvantages, and process. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who to do it. It is goal-oriented, pervasive, efficient, helps with coordination and flexibility. Planning helps set objectives, avoid uncertainty, coordinate activities, and run organizations effectively. While planning is important, it can also be costly and delay action. The planning process involves analyzing internal and external environments, setting objectives and forecasts, identifying alternatives, and reviewing plans. There are different types of planning like corporate, divisional, group, and departmental planning.Planning
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This document discusses various aspects of planning including definitions, types of planning processes, and differences between strategic and operational planning. It defines planning as "the management function that includes decisions and actions to insure future results." There are two main types of planning - strategic planning which establishes long-term direction and priorities, and operational planning which focuses on short-term goals and day-to-day activities. Strategic planning involves analyzing internal/external factors, setting goals and objectives, and identifying strategies, while operational planning develops detailed action plans and controls to implement strategic plans.planning
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The document discusses various aspects of planning including the nature, purpose, importance, forms, types, and steps involved in the planning process as well as its limitations. It describes planning as an intellectual process that helps managers set goals and make decisions. The key forms of planning discussed are strategic planning which is long-term and done at higher levels, and tactical planning which is short-term and done at lower levels. Important steps in planning include establishing goals, assumptions, alternative courses of action, evaluation and selection of the best course. Limitations include the time and cost of planning as well as difficulties maintaining flexibility.Planning..
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The document discusses various concepts related to planning including:
1. Planning involves establishing goals and determining a course of action to achieve those goals through decision making.
2. There are different types of plans like strategic, tactical, and operational plans developed at the corporate, business, and functional levels.
3. Effective planning is goal-oriented, flexible, comprehensive, and economical. Barriers to planning include external factors and resistance to change.planning and its methods
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This document presents information on the concept of planning and its methods from a group presentation. It defines planning as setting goals and choosing actions to achieve them, and discusses its key characteristics as a process, future-oriented, prevasive, goal-focused, decision-oriented, and efficiency-oriented. The document also covers the importance of planning in reducing uncertainty, focusing goals, better coordination, efficiency promotion, environmental adaptation, and commitment. Finally, it discusses some limitations and different methods of planning including top-down, bottom-up, participative, and team methods.what is management 
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This document provides an overview of management concepts including:
- The meaning, definition, nature, and process of management.
- The functions of management including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling.
- The importance and objectives of management for organizations.
- The differences between administration and management.
- The three levels of management - top, middle, and lower - and their respective roles and responsibilities.Management planning & implementation
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Planning is the most important function of management and involves deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it. The document discusses the definitions, nature, and importance of planning. It explains that planning involves setting objectives and strategies, establishing premises, identifying alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and selecting a plan. The key steps in planning are establishing objectives and premises, identifying alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting an alternative, formulating supportive plans, and establishing sequences of activities. Planning allows organizations to anticipate changes, adapt to changes, and work towards goals in an integrated and flexible manner.Planning
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Planning and decision making 
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This document discusses various aspects of planning and decision making. It defines planning as setting objectives and determining courses of action to achieve goals while considering uncertainty. There are three types of uncertainty - state, effect, and response. The document outlines the importance of planning, classification of plans, types of plans including strategic, tactical, operational and business plans. It also discusses objectives, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets and provides examples of each. Lastly, it discusses reasons why planning may fail and provides an example of the planning process.Planning
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This document discusses the importance of planning and outlines the planning process. It defines planning as deciding actions in the present to achieve future objectives. Good planning is objective-oriented, continuous, flexible, and helps coordinate efforts across an organization. The planning process involves analyzing the environment, setting objectives and forecasts, evaluating alternative actions, and establishing programs to implement the selected plan. Periodic review allows plans to adapt to changing circumstances. Failing to plan properly can lead an organization to fail to achieve its goals.Planning in management
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This document discusses various aspects of planning in management. It outlines the key managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading/directing, and controlling. Planning involves determining future actions, including what will be done, how it will be done, and when. Important aspects of planning include providing direction, reducing risks and uncertainties, and establishing standards for control. The document also discusses types of plans like objectives, strategies, programs, budgets, policies, procedures, methods, and rules. It outlines the steps and characteristics of strategy formulation, including determining objectives, SWOT analysis, and consistency with the internal and external environment. Policy formulation and evaluation of strategies are also summarized.Functions of management
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The document discusses the key functions of management which include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides details on each function and how they are applied at a company called Micro Signage & Graphics, which deals in graphics and vinyl materials. Planning involves setting sales, supplier, and quality goals. Organizing follows a horizontal structure led by a CEO. Staffing selects specialized marketing staff. Directing motivates employees. Controlling occurs through yearly and quarterly meetings monitoring sales, profits, and other metrics.Management Function : Controlling
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This document discusses various aspects of management planning, including:
- The nature of planning involves contributing to organizational purpose/objectives, the primacy of planning preceding other functions, its pervasiveness across management levels, and measuring efficiency.
- Different types of plans including strategic, tactical, operational, contingency, and those with long, intermediate, and short time spans.
- The planning process involves setting objectives/goals, considering alternatives, choosing a course of action, and formulating supporting plans.
- The importance of planning is to offset uncertainty/change, focus on objectives, and facilitate economical and controlled operations.
- Barriers to effective planning can include inappropriate goals, reward systems, dynamic environments, andPlanning
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The document discusses various concepts related to planning. It defines planning as the process of deciding in advance what is to be done, where, how and by whom. Planning involves setting goals and determining the course of action to achieve those goals. There are different types of plans like strategic plans, tactical plans, and operational plans developed at different organizational levels like corporate, business, and functional levels. Effective planning is important as it helps minimize uncertainty, promote coordination, and tackle complexities of modern business.Planning
PlanningNursing Path
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Planning involves determining objectives and activities required to achieve objectives. It includes strategic, tactical, and operational plans. Strategic planning sets long-term goals for 2-5 years. Tactical plans specify how resources will be used to accomplish goals within 6 months to 2 years. Operational plans cover day-to-day operations for 30 days to 6 months. Effective planning requires defining tasks, identifying resources, considering alternatives, creating written plans, implementing plans, and evaluating outcomes.Functions of management
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The document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides definitions of management and each function from various authors. For each function, it describes the key aspects and processes involved at a high level. Planning involves deciding objectives and courses of action. Organizing involves dividing work, grouping tasks, and defining roles. Staffing includes recruiting and selecting employees. Directing guides and leads employees to achieve goals. Controlling checks performance against plans and makes corrections if needed.Planning in Management (Principles of management)
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This presentation is related to planning in Principles of management.
It covers the following points:
Nature & Purpose of Planning
Decision Making
Objectives And Strategies
Planning Premises
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This document provides an overview of different types of planning, their advantages, and limitations. It discusses strategic planning which covers long term goals over 3-5 years, and operational planning which focuses on short term goals under one year. Planning has advantages like facilitating management by objectives, minimizing uncertainties, improving coordination, and encouraging innovations. However, planning can also be costly, time consuming, provide a false sense of security given uncertainties, and be challenging with rapid changes. The document aims to educate on various aspects of organizational planning.Controlling
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Controlling is a managerial function that ensures activities are performed according to plans through setting standards, measuring performance, comparing results to standards, and taking corrective actions. There are three types of control: pre-control before work begins to set directions and resources; concurrent control during work to monitor operations; and post-control after work to focus on end results. Traditional control techniques include personal observation, reports, break-even analysis, and budgets. Advanced techniques include self-control, management audits, PERT, CPM, and MIS. The goal of controlling is to help accomplish organizational goals efficiently through monitoring and ensuring order, discipline, and coordination of actions.Types of planning
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The document discusses different types of planning used in organizations, including strategic planning conducted by top management for long-term goals over 10 years, operational planning by lower management for current activities over 1 week to 1 year, and short-term planning for less than 2 years to keep the business running day-to-day. Formal plans are written while informal plans are conceived mentally, and standing plans are used repeatedly as routine plans while single-use plans address specific circumstances.Functions of management - Planning
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This document discusses the key aspects of planning as a management function. It defines planning as determining objectives and methods to achieve goals. The document outlines the nature, scope, objectives and significance of planning. It discusses the types of plans including operational, tactical, and strategic plans. The document also covers planning principles, premises, forecasting, barriers to planning, and how to overcome those barriers. Planning is presented as the primary management function that sets goals and bridges gaps between current and desired future states.Types of managers, Managerial roles and skills
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The document discusses the different types and roles of managers. It describes top managers who make organization-wide decisions, middle managers who oversee first-line managers, and first-line managers who directly manage non-managerial employees. Ten managerial roles are identified relating to interpersonal relationships, information transfer, and decision-making. Managerial skills include technical skills for job tasks, human skills for working with people, and conceptual skills for strategic thinking.Planning
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The document discusses the management process of organizing. It describes organizing as involving dividing work into departments, establishing authority relationships between departments, and defining roles and responsibilities. The key aspects of organizing covered are departmentation, hierarchy development, and establishing relationships between groups. The overall process involves identifying activities, grouping similar activities into departments, classifying authority levels through the hierarchy, and coordinating authority and responsibility.Planning
PlanningInstitute of Rural Management
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The document discusses the key aspects of planning including defining it as selecting missions, objectives and actions to achieve them. It requires decision making by choosing among alternative future courses of action. Planning provides a rational approach to preselected objectives. The levels of planning include strategic, tactical, and operational. Forecasting is also an important part of planning to predict future needs. Qualities of a good plan include providing a workable solution that meets objectives while minimizing risks. Types of plans discussed are standing plans, single use plans, and day-to-day planning.Nature and process of planning
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Visit the Author's Site at http://wenmi01.tumblr.com
Other Site You might be interested in: http://www.mrfitandrich.com
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Controlling-The Last Management function after Planning,Organising,Directing & Staffing.
'Controlling' is a part of subject Organisation Structure & Process(OSP).Its also a part of subject Principles of Business Management(PBM).Ppt of planning
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Planning involves determining in advance what actions need to be taken to achieve goals. It is goal-oriented, continuous, and looks ahead to anticipate the future. The main steps in the planning process are to define the task, identify resources, consider alternatives, create the plan, implement the plan, and evaluate. Planning provides direction, reduces risk and uncertainty, and guides decision-making. Challenges to planning include lack of information, time/costs, resistance to change, and inability to plan. There are different levels of planning including corporate, divisional/departmental, and group/sectional planning at different management levels in an organization.Planning
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This document discusses various aspects of planning and decision making. It defines planning as setting objectives and determining courses of action to achieve goals while considering uncertainty. There are three types of uncertainty - state, effect, and response. The document outlines the importance of planning, classification of plans, types of plans including strategic, tactical, operational and business plans. It also discusses objectives, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets and provides examples of each. Lastly, it discusses reasons why planning may fail and provides an example of the planning process.Planning
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This document discusses the importance of planning and outlines the planning process. It defines planning as deciding actions in the present to achieve future objectives. Good planning is objective-oriented, continuous, flexible, and helps coordinate efforts across an organization. The planning process involves analyzing the environment, setting objectives and forecasts, evaluating alternative actions, and establishing programs to implement the selected plan. Periodic review allows plans to adapt to changing circumstances. Failing to plan properly can lead an organization to fail to achieve its goals.Planning in management
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This document discusses various aspects of planning in management. It outlines the key managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading/directing, and controlling. Planning involves determining future actions, including what will be done, how it will be done, and when. Important aspects of planning include providing direction, reducing risks and uncertainties, and establishing standards for control. The document also discusses types of plans like objectives, strategies, programs, budgets, policies, procedures, methods, and rules. It outlines the steps and characteristics of strategy formulation, including determining objectives, SWOT analysis, and consistency with the internal and external environment. Policy formulation and evaluation of strategies are also summarized.Functions of management
Functions of managementharshsanklesha123
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The document discusses the key functions of management which include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides details on each function and how they are applied at a company called Micro Signage & Graphics, which deals in graphics and vinyl materials. Planning involves setting sales, supplier, and quality goals. Organizing follows a horizontal structure led by a CEO. Staffing selects specialized marketing staff. Directing motivates employees. Controlling occurs through yearly and quarterly meetings monitoring sales, profits, and other metrics.Management Function : Controlling
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Describe controlling function. the Importance of controlling and how companies should do in order to ensure their goals can be achieve.Planning in Management lecture 04_class
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This document discusses various aspects of management planning, including:
- The nature of planning involves contributing to organizational purpose/objectives, the primacy of planning preceding other functions, its pervasiveness across management levels, and measuring efficiency.
- Different types of plans including strategic, tactical, operational, contingency, and those with long, intermediate, and short time spans.
- The planning process involves setting objectives/goals, considering alternatives, choosing a course of action, and formulating supporting plans.
- The importance of planning is to offset uncertainty/change, focus on objectives, and facilitate economical and controlled operations.
- Barriers to effective planning can include inappropriate goals, reward systems, dynamic environments, andPlanning
PlanningAnshu Singh
油
The document discusses various concepts related to planning. It defines planning as the process of deciding in advance what is to be done, where, how and by whom. Planning involves setting goals and determining the course of action to achieve those goals. There are different types of plans like strategic plans, tactical plans, and operational plans developed at different organizational levels like corporate, business, and functional levels. Effective planning is important as it helps minimize uncertainty, promote coordination, and tackle complexities of modern business.Planning
PlanningNursing Path
油
Planning involves determining objectives and activities required to achieve objectives. It includes strategic, tactical, and operational plans. Strategic planning sets long-term goals for 2-5 years. Tactical plans specify how resources will be used to accomplish goals within 6 months to 2 years. Operational plans cover day-to-day operations for 30 days to 6 months. Effective planning requires defining tasks, identifying resources, considering alternatives, creating written plans, implementing plans, and evaluating outcomes.Functions of management
Functions of managementMargrat C R
油
The document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides definitions of management and each function from various authors. For each function, it describes the key aspects and processes involved at a high level. Planning involves deciding objectives and courses of action. Organizing involves dividing work, grouping tasks, and defining roles. Staffing includes recruiting and selecting employees. Directing guides and leads employees to achieve goals. Controlling checks performance against plans and makes corrections if needed.Planning in Management (Principles of management)
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This presentation is related to planning in Principles of management.
It covers the following points:
Nature & Purpose of Planning
Decision Making
Objectives And Strategies
Planning Premises
Global Planning
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This document provides an overview of different types of planning, their advantages, and limitations. It discusses strategic planning which covers long term goals over 3-5 years, and operational planning which focuses on short term goals under one year. Planning has advantages like facilitating management by objectives, minimizing uncertainties, improving coordination, and encouraging innovations. However, planning can also be costly, time consuming, provide a false sense of security given uncertainties, and be challenging with rapid changes. The document aims to educate on various aspects of organizational planning.Controlling
Controllinganupama12369
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Controlling is a managerial function that ensures activities are performed according to plans through setting standards, measuring performance, comparing results to standards, and taking corrective actions. There are three types of control: pre-control before work begins to set directions and resources; concurrent control during work to monitor operations; and post-control after work to focus on end results. Traditional control techniques include personal observation, reports, break-even analysis, and budgets. Advanced techniques include self-control, management audits, PERT, CPM, and MIS. The goal of controlling is to help accomplish organizational goals efficiently through monitoring and ensuring order, discipline, and coordination of actions.Types of planning
Types of planningSIMARAN SHAHEEN
油
The document discusses different types of planning used in organizations, including strategic planning conducted by top management for long-term goals over 10 years, operational planning by lower management for current activities over 1 week to 1 year, and short-term planning for less than 2 years to keep the business running day-to-day. Formal plans are written while informal plans are conceived mentally, and standing plans are used repeatedly as routine plans while single-use plans address specific circumstances.Functions of management - Planning
Functions of management - Planninganupama12369
油
This document discusses the key aspects of planning as a management function. It defines planning as determining objectives and methods to achieve goals. The document outlines the nature, scope, objectives and significance of planning. It discusses the types of plans including operational, tactical, and strategic plans. The document also covers planning principles, premises, forecasting, barriers to planning, and how to overcome those barriers. Planning is presented as the primary management function that sets goals and bridges gaps between current and desired future states.Types of managers, Managerial roles and skills
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油
The document discusses the different types and roles of managers. It describes top managers who make organization-wide decisions, middle managers who oversee first-line managers, and first-line managers who directly manage non-managerial employees. Ten managerial roles are identified relating to interpersonal relationships, information transfer, and decision-making. Managerial skills include technical skills for job tasks, human skills for working with people, and conceptual skills for strategic thinking.Planning
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The document discusses the management process of organizing. It describes organizing as involving dividing work into departments, establishing authority relationships between departments, and defining roles and responsibilities. The key aspects of organizing covered are departmentation, hierarchy development, and establishing relationships between groups. The overall process involves identifying activities, grouping similar activities into departments, classifying authority levels through the hierarchy, and coordinating authority and responsibility.Planning
PlanningInstitute of Rural Management
油
The document discusses the key aspects of planning including defining it as selecting missions, objectives and actions to achieve them. It requires decision making by choosing among alternative future courses of action. Planning provides a rational approach to preselected objectives. The levels of planning include strategic, tactical, and operational. Forecasting is also an important part of planning to predict future needs. Qualities of a good plan include providing a workable solution that meets objectives while minimizing risks. Types of plans discussed are standing plans, single use plans, and day-to-day planning.Nature and process of planning
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Visit the Author's Site at http://wenmi01.tumblr.com
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2. There are different types of authority, including legal/formal authority given by law, traditional authority based on social relationships, and charismatic authority based on personality.
3. Delegation of authority is allowing someone to act on your behalf by performing tasks available to you, with the delegate having limited powers within the delegation policy. Effective delegation involves determining duties, authorizing action, and creating obligations.Delegation of authority
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This document provides an overview of planning concepts including:
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2) There are different types of plans including strategic, operational, long-term, short-term, specific, and directional plans.
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This document discusses the definition, nature, and purpose of planning. It defines planning as deciding in advance what is to be done, how, when, where, who will do it, and how much needs to be done. The key purposes of planning outlined are to increase efficiency, reduce business risks, facilitate coordination, aid in organizing, give direction, maintain control, help achieve objectives, motivate personnel, encourage innovation, and assist with decision making. Planning is described as a fundamental management function, a mental process, and essential for setting goals and bridging gaps to achieve desired results.Planning
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Group members: Muhammad Younus, Faizan Hanif, Syed Atif Ali, Aunoon
The document discusses the principles and functions of management, focusing on planning. It defines planning as looking ahead and outlining future courses of action. Planning is a preparatory process that determines who will perform specific jobs, when, and how. It is goal-oriented, involves decision making, and is a continuous and flexible process that serves as a foundation for other management functions like organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Plans must be reviewed periodically and revised in response to changing business conditions.
Planning- FEATURES OF PLAANING
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This document discusses the functions of management. It defines management as a process of related activities aimed at achieving organizational goals. The main functions of management include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. Planning is described as the first and most important management function. Planning involves deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it. Planning helps set clear objectives, provides a path of action, improves performance, minimizes risks, leads to optimal resource utilization, facilitates decision making and coordination of activities, and promotes innovative ideas.Planning is an important role in leadership and management nursing
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This document discusses the functions of management planning. It defines planning as deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who is to do it. The document outlines the importance, principles, characteristics, types (operational, tactical, strategic, contingency), steps in the planning process, and advantages and disadvantages of planning. It concludes that planning bridges the gap between current and desired objectives and is integral to organizational success.Planning
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This document discusses various aspects of planning including types, methods, definitions, process, importance and limitations. It discusses four main types of planning: strategic, organizational, operational and environmental. It outlines top-down, bottom-up and composite as key planning methods. Planning is defined as deciding in advance what is to be done to achieve goals. The planning process involves analysis, objective setting, forecasting, alternative actions, review and evaluation. Planning is important as it helps focus on goals, minimize risks, set standards, encourage innovation and reduce waste. However, planning also has limitations such as being expensive, time-consuming and difficult with lack of reliable data or rapid environmental changes.Planning
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The document defines planning as a conscious process that requires determining a course of action based on purpose and knowledge. It involves selecting the best course of action to achieve objectives. The planning process consists of 7 steps: setting objectives, developing premises, identifying alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting the best alternative, implementing the plan, and follow up review. Planning is important because it offsets uncertainties, focuses on objectives, improves efficiency, facilitates coordination, encourages innovation, and facilitates control and decision making. The main types of planning are strategic and technical planning.Management Strategy
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This document defines and describes key management terms including directing, controlling, coordination, and decision making. Directing involves instructing and overseeing employees to achieve goals. Controlling measures performance against standards and helps take corrective actions. Coordination ensures unity of group efforts toward common objectives. Decision making is a key role of managers, who must gain experience to make right decisions by properly defining problems, assessing implications, exploring perspectives, and weighing pros and cons. These four functions are the basic pillars of any management strategy.Management
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Management Introduction , Features, functions,levels of management and their Roles, Roles of different Managers.management Basics.pdf
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This document outlines key concepts in management including planning, decision making, delegation, centralization vs decentralization, and controlling. It defines each concept and discusses their importance and principles. For planning, it describes the characteristics, importance, steps and advantages/limitations. For decision making it outlines the definition and six step process. Delegation discusses the definition and principles. Centralization and decentralization are compared. Finally, controlling is introduced with its characteristics, areas, basic methods and advantages/disadvantages. Nursing Management
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This document outlines key concepts in management including planning, decision making, delegation, centralization vs decentralization, and controlling. It defines each concept and discusses their importance and principles. For planning, it describes the characteristics, importance, steps and advantages/limitations. For decision making it outlines the definition and six step process. Delegation discusses the definition and principles. Centralization and decentralization are compared. Finally, controlling is introduced by discussing its characteristics, areas, basic methods and advantages/disadvantages.Planning
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Planning is presented as the fundamental and essential process of determining goals, selecting courses of action, and outlining steps to achieve objectives. It involves defining goals, establishing assumptions about the future, evaluating alternatives, selecting the best options, developing supporting plans, implementing plans, and reviewing progress. Planning provides direction, facilitates decision-making, establishes standards for control, reduces risks and costs, improves efficiency, and encourages innovation. It is a goal-oriented, intellectual process that integrates activities across levels and functions to systematically bridge the present to the future.planning__types_of_plans.ppt
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Planning is a key managerial function that focuses on the future and involves defining goals, strategies, and plans. There are different types of planning including strategic planning, which establishes organization-wide goals, and operational planning, which specifies how goals will be achieved. The planning process involves analyzing opportunities, setting objectives, determining premises and alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting a course of action, formulating derivative plans, implementing plans, and reviewing the planning process. While planning aims to reduce uncertainty and improve efficiency, some argue it can create rigidity and fail to consider new opportunities.
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A project is defined as a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. It involves planning a set of tasks or activities to achieve specific goals or objectives. Planning is a key part of project management and involves selecting objectives, deciding on actions to achieve them, and making decisions that will affect the future. The principles of effective planning include keeping aims clear, developing accurate forecasts, involving subordinates, ensuring plans are feasible, avoiding overoptimism, and reviewing long-term plans regularly. Planning introduces orderly thinking and structure to management.functions.ppt
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This document discusses key concepts related to management including administration, management definitions, concepts of management, functions of management, planning, controlling, coordination. Some main points:
- Administration involves collective effort towards goals while management is creative problem solving.
- Management functions include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves determining objectives and courses of action. Controlling checks performance against standards.
- Coordination synchronizes activities to accomplish common goals and ensures harmony between departments. Clear communication and defining roles are important for effective coordination.
- Planning helps minimize uncertainty and promotes coordination. Good plans have clear objectives and are flexible. Planning involves identifying problems, collecting data, evaluating alternatives, and selecting actions.Planning ppt on 11 2-12
- 1. DEFINITION, NATURE AND OBJECTIVE OF PLANNING - Submitted by Radhika Sharma 043137012012
- 2. DEFINITION
- 3. PLANNING It is the most fundamental function of management. It is the basic process of setting up goals to be reached and course of action to be followed. It is in fact a prerequisite to effective management.
- 4. PLANNING Thus we can say, planning is the management function of anticipating the future and the conscious determination of a future course of action to achieve the desired results. And a plan is a predetermined course of action to be followed in future.
- 5. NATURE OF PLANNING Planning is purposeful : it is goal oriented. It is directed towards efficiency. Planning is a primary function : It is the basic level of management process. Pervasive process : Many people believe in planning. It is the job of all the managers in all types of organizations.
- 6. NATURE OF PLANNING Intellectual process : A mental process involving imagination, foresight and sound adjustment but not guesswork. Continuous process : An on-going/dynamic exercise as old assumptions change, old plans are revised or new ones are prepared. Forward process : No plan can be prepared without knowledge of future. Involves choice : Decision making is core of planning
- 7. OBJECTIVE OF PLANNING To focus attention on objective & results. To reduce uncertainty and change. To provide sense of direction. To encourage innovation and creativity. To help in coordination .
- 8. OBJECTIVE OF PLANNING To guide decision making. To provide a basis for decentralisation. To provide economy in operation. To facilitate control.
- 9. THANK YOU!