PLC 1 (2).docx
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This document summarizes a student project to control a two-directional traffic light using a PLC. It introduces the use of traffic lights to control vehicle and pedestrian traffic. Timers are used to provide time delays to control the light sequences. A ladder logic diagram is programmed with contacts that simulate relays to control the red and green lights for each of the three poles in sequences, with one pole green at a time for a set period before moving to the next pole. The process then repeats continuously to control traffic flow in both directions.
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This document appears to be a template for a student project submitted to the Mechanical Engineering Department at Salahaddin University-Erbil in Iraq. The template provides an outline for the typical sections included in an engineering student project paper, such as an abstract, acknowledgements, table of contents, references, etc. It also includes placeholders for the student to include the introduction, methodology, example analysis and design, results and discussion, and conclusion sections. The introduction section provides background on the project and defines the problem statement, objectives and outline. The methodology section details the analysis procedures. The example section applies the methodology to a relevant problem. The results, discussion and conclusion sections present and interpret the findings and link them back to thePLC4.docx
PLC4.docxMahamad Jawhar
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The document describes a PLC program for controlling a water filling and discharging process in a tank. The program uses two level sensors, one for high level and one for low level, to control a feeding valve and discharge valve. When the low level sensor is triggered, the feeding valve turns on to fill the tank, and when the high level sensor is triggered, the discharge valve turns on to empty the tank. The program is designed to maintain the water level between the two sensor points.Project Cooling Tower.pptx
Project Cooling Tower.pptxMahamad Jawhar
油
This document summarizes different types of cooling towers. It describes how cooling towers work by bringing air and water into contact to reduce the water's temperature through evaporation. It discusses the components of cooling towers, including fill materials, drift eliminators, nozzles, fans, and driveshafts. It also compares crossflow and counterflow cooling towers and how they differ in their water and air flow configurations. Finally, it outlines the differences between factory-assembled and field-erected cooling towers.final project.docx
final project.docxMahamad Jawhar
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This document is a research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree in Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering. It contains an abstract, introduction, and 4 chapters that discuss cooling towers, their components, thermal performance testing, and electrical components. The introduction provides background on cooling towers and how they work to lower water temperature through evaporation and heat transfer to the atmosphere. It also discusses prior research on improving cooling tower performance. The abstract indicates the research examines different types of cooling towers, their application, efficiency, and working principles, and includes a simulation of flow fields around a cooling tower.final project1.docx
final project1.docxMahamad Jawhar
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This document is a research project submitted for a degree in Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering on cooling towers. It includes 4 chapters that discuss mechanical components, thermal performance testing, and electrical components of cooling towers. The introduction provides background on cooling towers and how they work to remove heat from water through evaporation. It also discusses types of cooling towers, including natural draft and mechanical draft, and covers psychrometrics and heat transfer principles.project cooling tower.docx
project cooling tower.docxMahamad Jawhar
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1. The document compares three types of cooling towers - wet, dry, and hybrid - that are used in closed cooling systems for large power reactors.
2. It outlines the procedures for dimensioning each type of cooling tower, including calculating heat and mass transfer, air and water flows, electric power needs, and water loss. Equations used for each type are presented.
3. Results from dimensioning a 100 MW cooling tower of each type for a highland region in Algeria are presented to compare electricity consumption and water loss between the three options.robotic.docx
robotic.docxMahamad Jawhar
油
The document is a homework assignment submitted by Ahmed Naseh Latif, a student in the 4th stage of the Mechanic and Mechatronic Engineering department at Salahaddin University-Erbil. The assignment asks the student to list 10 applications of robots in real life with pictures. The student provides 10 applications: 1) automated transportation, 2) security/defense/surveillance, 3) robot cooking, 4) medicine, 5) education, 6) home maintenance, 7) dangerous jobs, 8) as a servant, 9) as a friend, and 10) crime fighting. The student includes references from books and articles on the history and uses of robotics.report project.docx
report project.docxMahamad Jawhar
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This document summarizes the types, working principles, and applications of cooling towers. It discusses natural and mechanical draft cooling towers, as well as dry, wet, and hybrid heat transfer methods. The key components and processes of power plants that utilize cooling towers are also overviewed. Different sizes, designs, and environmental impacts of cooling towers are addressed.Ad
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PLC 1 (2).docx
- 1. 1 Controlling two dimension traffic light by using PLC Student Name: Muhammad Jawhar Anwar Class: 4 Stage Group:A1 Course Title: PLC Lab. Department: Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering EXP NO: 5 College of Engineering Salahaddin University-Erbil Academic Year 2021-2022
- 2. 2 Introduction AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROLPLC BASED: A traffic light or traffic signal is a signaling device positioned at a road intersection, pedestrian crossing, or other location in order to indicate when it is safe to drive, ride, or walk using a n universal color code A traffic light, traffic signal, or stop light is a signaling device positioned at a road intersection, pedestrian crossing, or other location in order to indicate when it is safe to drive, ride, or walk using a universal color code However for the pedestrians, there have only two lights, a red light and a green light that mean go and stop Respectively The traffic lights have given many benefits to all road users. Besides reducing the number of accidents, it made the traffic flow smoothly and possibly could save people time. Traffic load is highly dependent on parameters such as time, day, season, weather and unpredictable situations such as accidents, special events or construction activities. If these parameters are not taken into account, the traffic control system will create bottlenecks and delays. A traffic controlsystem that solves these problems by continuously sensing and monitoring traffic conditions and adjusting the timing of traffic lights according to the actual traffic load is called an intelligent traffic control system. Traffic signals have strengths and weaknesses that must be considered when deciding whether to install them. Signal intersections can reduce delay for side road traffic and reduce the occurrence of collisions by turning traffic and cross traffic. But they may also cause delay for traffic on the main road, and often increase rear-end collisions by up to 50%.
- 3. 3 TIMER: Timers are an electronics devices used to to provide time delay at different conditions and situations. Range of timer in logix pro varies from 0-255. In accordancewith PLC there are three types of timers- ON delay timer OFF delay timer Pulse timer
- 4. 4 Ladder Diagram: It is a graphical programming language, initially programmed with simple contacts that simulate the opening and closing of relays. Ladder Logic programming has been expanded to include functions such as Counters, Timers, shift registers and math operations. Ladder logic is a method of drawing electrical logic schematics. It is now a graphical language very popular for programming Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). The name is based on the observation that programs in this language resemble ladders, with two vertical "rails" and a series of horizontal "rungs" between them. A program in ladder logic, also called a ladder diagram.
- 5. 5 32767 sec/60 = 546.1167 min /60= = 9.1019 hr While, for 11.6667 hr. for one day at least 3 timers required Discussion WORKING The PLC program is designed to associate traffic light system working in parallel with the barrier cut, consists of four stages: Now press push button switch and process goes on At First stage, in programmed 3 POLEs in all REDS are ON condition. All GREENS are OFF condition in particular time, the timer is ON The second stage, when the time is completed only POLE-1 GREEN is ON condition at a time POLE-1 RED is OFF condition remaining POLE-2 and POLE-3 REDS are ON condition and GREENS are OFF condition in particular time The third stage, when the time is completed only POLE-2 GREEN is ON condition at a time POLE-2 RED is OFF condition, remaining POLE-1 and POLE-3 REDS are ON condition and GREENS are OFF condition in particular time. The fourth stage, when the time is completed only POLE-3 GREEN is ON condition at a time POLE-3 RED is OFF condition, remaining POLE-1 and POLE-2 REDS are ON condition and GREENS are OFF condition in particular time. This process (step-2and step-3 and step-4) conditions are continuously repeated. When the push button is OFF the process will be STOP