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Poisonous Redback Spider
- 1. Professor 鐚 Christopher YUKNA 8/01/2014 Masahiro Yakeya 1
- 2. Contents What is Redback Spider Habitats Their figure Their lifecycle Venom Symptom Treatment and care Conclusion 2
- 3. What is Redback Spider? The redback spider (Latrodectus hasseltii), also known as the jockey spider, is a species of poisonous spider indigenous to Australia. Adult female The redback is one of the few spider species that can be seriously harmful to humans, and its preferred habitat has led it to being responsible for the large majority of serious spider bite in Australia. Adult male 3
- 5. Color and shape Red pattern also stomach Red pattern on the back Fang (0.7mm) Even if bitten from the top of the clothes, it does not reach the skin. 5
- 6. Size Female Male : 3~5mm Female : 10~15mm Male Female only has a poison, there is no poison in the male. 6
- 7. Where does Redback Spider Live? Sunny, warm place Where there is plenty of food, such as insects or small animals Where there is a suitable gap to put the nest The back of groove Fence Under the planter 7
- 8. What does Redback Spider eat? They can survive for 100 days without any food. 8
- 9. Lifecycle of Redback Spider Eggs Adult Egg sac Internal sac of one egg : 100~200 Juvenile They work in June-September Male : 58~75 days Female : 75~104 days 9
- 10. Their venom Venom is produced by glands in the cephalothorax, and expelled venom travels through paired ducts from the cephalothorax, exiting through the tip of the spider's hollow fangs. Venom gland Venom protein Fang Fang and venom gland of redback spider Muscular layer Microstructure of venom gland 10 of redback spider
- 11. Component of the venom Name : 留-latrotoxin (neurotoxin) Features of 留-latrotoxin The only toxic to vertebrate Toxin which is effective in the presynaptic membrane Toxic effect of promoting the depolarization of the central nervous system of vertebrates TOXICITY (Comparison of LD50) King Cobra : 1.75mg/kg Redback Spider : 0.59mg/kg Their poison is stronger than snakes it. 11
- 12. Actions of 留-latrotoxin 留-latrotoxin is allowed to flow to force the Ca ion by acting from outside the neuron to calcium channels of axon terminals. Neurotransmitter is released all and we provoke such seizures abnormally excited the muscle fibers or neurons Information transmission function of the nervous system is paralyzed. 12
- 13. Symptom Immediately after being bitten When redback spider bites, almost no pain topical immediately after being bitten and only feel a slight pain at a site bitten even. In some cases, stab mouth is found one or two. 5~60 minutes after being bitten Local symptoms appear, pain will increase gradually. 60 minutes~ after being bitten Pain bitten over time spread to the entire limb. Local sweating also occur, warmth, itching also often associated with. However, the greatest feature of the local symptoms is pain. 13
- 14. If we are bitten If the treatment is delayed, we cause muscle paralysis or skin rot. However We dont die by their poison because injection 14 amount of their poison is a little.
- 15. Bite treatment and care If we are bitten by redback spider, we have to wash the area of the bite with soap and water. Even if there is bleeding, it is not necessary to the tourniquet and bandage. Chilled on ice the wound, to go to the hospital. 15
- 16. How to remove If you found a redback spider, you must not touch it with bare hands. Spraying Stomping Burning 16
- 17. Conclusion The adult female redback spider has a round body about 1 cm long, with long, slender legs. The body is a deep black (occasionally brownish), with a red (sometimes orange) longitudinal stripe on the upper abdomen. The poison that they have is very strong to the vertebrate. However, if you do not do anything for them, they will not bite. If we are bitten by them, appropriate care is necessary. 17
- 18. Thank you!! 18
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- 20. History of Redback spider 1870 : Swedish aracheologist Tamerlan Thorell described the redback spider from specimens collected in Rockhampton and Bowen in central Queensland He named it Latrodectus hasselti in honour of collegue A.W.M van Hasselt. 1902 :German arachnologist Friedrich Dahl revised the genus and named L.ancorifer from New Guinea, which was later regarded as a subspecies of the redback. 1911 : Another subspecies , L. h. aruensis , was described by Norwegian entomologist Embrik Strand. 20
- 21. History of Redback spider 1959 : Arachnologist Herbert Walter Levi revised the genus Lactrodectus. He focused on differences in the morphology of the female sexual organs, he reclassified the genus reducing the number of recognized species from 22 to 6. ~Recently : More reliable genetic studies have split the genus into about 30 species, and the redback has no recognized subspecies in modern classifications. 21
- 22. Nest of Redback spider The nest that they build is irregular and have a threedimensional structure strung complicated. Nest area Capture area Mucus of capturing is attached to the thread. 22
- 23. Fatal case Redback spider bites rarely cause chronic morbidity , and deaths are even more rare. Throughout the history, at least 14 deaths from redbacks have been recorded. Children, the elderly, or those with serious medical conditions are at much higher risk of severe effects and death resulting from a bite. Dangerous Dangerous Dangerous 23
- 24. Relationship with humans Their net is used to cross line of optical instruments surveying instruments, rangefinder, microscope, bombsight, such as telescopic sight. The study that made full use of genetic engineering, and a thread of this spider is produced to bacteria is going by the fund of the United States Army. 24
- 25. Japanese spider Chiracanthium japonicum (kabakikomachigumo) Latrodectus mactans (kurogokegumo) 25