13. Righting reactions orient the
head in space:
1) Optical righting reaction: orientation of the head using visual
inputs
2) Labyrinthine righting reaction: orients the head to an upright
vertical position in response to vestibular signals (Ornitz, 1983;
Peiper, 1963)
3) Body-on-head righting reaction:orients the head in response
to proprioceptive and tactile signals from the body in contact
with a supporting surface.
The Landau reaction combines the effects of all three head-
righting reactions (Cupps et al., 1976).
13惆擧惠惘悋惡惘悋拆愆悋惘 悋惆惘悋擧 惘擧惘惆-愃慍 悴 擧惆擧悋 惆惘 忰惘擧惠
14. 惆擧惠惘悋惡惘悋拆愆悋惘 悋惆惘悋擧 惘擧惘惆-愃慍 悴 擧惆擧悋 惆惘 忰惘擧惠 14
The neck on-body righting reaction orients the body in
response to cervical afferents, which report changes in
the position of the head and neck.
The body-on-body righting reaction, keeps the body
oriented with respect to the ground, regardless of
the position of the head.
15. 惆擧惠惘悋惡惘悋拆愆悋惘 悋惆惘悋擧 惘擧惘惆-愃慍 悴 擧惆擧悋 惆惘 忰惘擧惠 15
The labyrinthine righting reaction orients the head in
response to vestibular signals signaling vertical.
The body-on-head righting reaction uses tactile and
neck proprioceptive information to orient the head to
vertical.
16. 惆擧惠惘悋惡惘悋拆愆悋惘 悋惆惘悋擧 惘擧惘惆-愃慍 悴 擧惆擧悋 惆惘 忰惘擧惠 16
This suggests that:
(1) The subcortical neural networks that contribute to visual
proprioceptive control of posture are functional at birth
(2) Learning is not required for the emergence of optic flow
sensitivity, although experience and self-produced
movement may be important for visual/postural coupling
(Jouen et al., 2000).